File /home/c1/las/Funds/PENDING/HPCC-93/nsfbib.bib last modified on Mon Jun 14 17:44:38 1993. --Journals-- ------------ @STRING{AIJ = "Artificial Intelligence"} @STRING{NEURCOMP = "Neural Computation"} @STRING{NATURE = "Nature"} @STRING{PB = "Psychological Bulletin"} @STRING{R+A = "IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation"} @STRING{TRA = "IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation"} @STRING{SCI = "Science"} @STRING{SCIAM = "Scientific American"} --Publishers-- -------------- @STRING{MORGAN = "Morgan Kaufmann Publishers"} @STRING{MORGAN-ADDR = "Los Altos, California"} @STRING{ABLEX = "Ablex Publishing Co."} @STRING{ABLEX-ADDR = "Norwood, NJ"} --Schools and Institutions-- ---------------------------- @STRING{MIT = "Massachusetts Institute of Technology"} @STRING{MITAI = MIT # "Artificial Intelligence Lab"} --Types-- --------- @STRING{MIT-AIM = "Memo"} @STRING{MIT-TR = "Technical Report"} @INPROCEEDINGS{Angle-Brooks-90-PROC, AUTHOR = {Colin M. Angle and Rodney A. Brooks}, TITLE = {Small Planetary Rovers}, BOOKTITLE = {IEEE/RSJ International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems}, YEAR = {1990}, PAGES = {383--388}, ADDRESS = {Ikabara, Japan} } @BOOK{Arbib-64-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Michael A. Arbib}, TITLE = {Brains, Machines and Mathematics}, PUBLISHER = {McGraw-Hill}, YEAR = {1964}, ADDRESS = {New York, NY} } @BOOK{Ashby-56-BOOK, AUTHOR = {W. Ross Ashby}, TITLE = {An Introduction to Cybernetics}, PUBLISHER = {Chapman and Hall}, YEAR = {1956}, ADDRESS = {London, United Kingdom} } @INPROCEEDINGS{Ballard-89-PROC, AUTHOR = {Dana H. Ballard}, TITLE = {Reference Frames for Active Vision}, BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, YEAR = {1989}, PAGES = {1635--1641}, ADDRESS = {Detroit, Michigan}, MONTH = aug } @BOOK{Bates-79-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Elizabeth Bates}, TITLE = {The Emergence of Symbols}, PUBLISHER = {Academic Press}, YEAR = {1979}, ADDRESS = {New York, NY} } @BOOK{Bates-88-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Elizabeth Bates and Inge Bretherton and Lynn Snyder}, TITLE = {From First Words to Grammar}, PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press}, YEAR = {1988}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, United Kingdom} } @BOOK{Beer-90-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Randall D. Beer}, TITLE = {Intelligence as Adaptive Behavior}, PUBLISHER = {Academic Press}, YEAR = {1990}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA} } @BOOK{Berkeley-49-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Edmund C. Berkeley}, TITLE = {Giant Brains or Machines that Think}, PUBLISHER = {John Wiley \& Sons}, YEAR = {1949}, ADDRESS = {New York, NY} } @ARTICLE{Braddick-92-NATURE, AUTHOR = {Oliver Braddick and Janette Atkison and Bruce Hood and William Harkness and Graeme Jackson an Faraneh Vargha-Khadem}, TITLE = {Possible blindsight in infants lacking one cerebral hemisphere}, JOURNAL = NATURE, YEAR = {1992}, VOLUME = {360}, PAGES = {461--463}, MONTH = dec } @ARTICLE{Kohonen-82-CYBER, AUTHOR = {T. Kohonen}, TITLE = {Self-organized formation of topologically correct feature maps}, JOURNAL = {Biological Cybernetics}, YEAR = {1982}, VOLUME = {43}, PAGES = {56--59}, } @ARTICLE{Brooks-89-NEURCOMP, AUTHOR = {Rodney A. Brooks}, TITLE = {A Robot That Walks: Emergent Behavior from a Carefully Evolved Network}, JOURNAL = NEURCOMP, YEAR = {1989}, VOLUME = {1}, NUMBER = {2}, PAGES = {253--262} } @ARTICLE{Brooks86, AUTHOR = {Rodney A. Brooks}, TITLE = {A Robust Layered Control System for a Mobile Robot}, JOURNAL = R+A, YEAR = {1986}, VOLUME = {RA-2}, PAGES = {14--23}, MONTH = apr } @INPROCEEDINGS{Brooks-90-PROC, AUTHOR = {Rodney A. Brooks}, TITLE = {Challenges for Complete Creature Architectures}, BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior}, YEAR = {1990}, PAGES = {434--443}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA} } @INCOLLECTION{Brooks-90-COLL, AUTHOR = {Rodney A. Brooks}, TITLE = {Elephants Don't Play Chess}, BOOKTITLE = {Designing Autonomous Agents: Theory and Practice from Biology to Engineering and Back}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, YEAR = {1990}, EDITOR = {Pattie Maes}, PAGES = {3--15}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA} } @INCOLLECTION{Agre-Chapman-90-COLL, author = "Philip E. Agre and David Chapman", TITLE = {What are Plans For?}, BOOKTITLE = {Designing Autonomous Agents: Theory and Practice from Biology to Engineering and Back}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, YEAR = {1990}, EDITOR = {Pattie Maes}, PAGES = {3--15}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}, annote = {has a discussion on why their stuff isn't really reactive -- because it has state} } @INCOLLECTION{Malcolm-90-COLL, AUTHOR = {Chris Malcolm and Tim Smithers}, TITLE = {Symbol Grounding via a Hybrid Architecture in an Autonomous Assembly System}, BOOKTITLE = {Designing Autonomous Agents: Theory and Practice from Biology to Engineering and Back}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, YEAR = {1990}, EDITOR = {Pattie Maes}, PAGES = {123--144}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA} } @INPROCEEDINGS{Brooks-91-PROC, AUTHOR = {Rodney A. Brooks}, TITLE = {Intelligence Without Reason}, BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 1991 International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, address = {Sydney}, YEAR = {1991}, PAGES = {569--595}, MONTH = aug } @article{earwig, title="Today the Earwig, Tomorrow Man?", author="David Kirsh", journal=AIJ, volume={47}, pages={161--184}, year={1991} } @ARTICLE{Brooks-91-SCI, AUTHOR = {Rodney A. Brooks}, TITLE = {New Approaches to Robotics}, JOURNAL = SCI, YEAR = {1991}, VOLUME = {253}, PAGES = {1227--1232} } @TECHREPORT{Brooks-90-TR, AUTHOR = {Rodney A. Brooks}, TITLE = {The Behavior Language User's Guide}, INSTITUTION = MITAI, YEAR = {1990}, TYPE = MIT-AIM, NUMBER = {1227}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}, MONTH = apr } @TECHREPORT{Hallam-91-TR, AUTHOR = {John Hallam}, TITLE = {Autonomous Robots : From Dream to Reality}, school = "Department of Artificial Intelligence", institution = "University of Edinburgh", YEAR = {1991}, TYPE = {{DAI} Research Paper}, NUMBER = {526}, ADDRESS = {Edinburgh, Scotland}, } @TECHREPORT{Brooks-93-TR, AUTHOR = {Rodney A. Brooks}, TITLE = {L: A Subset of Common Lisp}, INSTITUTION = MITAI, YEAR = {1993}, NOTES = {in preparation} } @TECHREPORT{Brooks-Stein-93-TR, AUTHOR = {Rodney A. Brooks and Lynn Andrea Stein}, TITLE = {Building Brains for Bodies}, INSTITUTION = MITAI, YEAR = {1993}, TYPE = MIT-AIM, NUMBER = {1439}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}, MONTH = aug } @TECHREPORT{Poggio-90-TR, AUTHOR = {Tomaso Poggio}, TITLE = {A Theory of How the Brain Might Work}, INSTITUTION = MITAI, YEAR = {1990}, TYPE = MIT-AIM, NUMBER = {1253}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}, MONTH = dec } @INPROCEEDINGS{Brooks-et-al-87-PROC, AUTHOR = {Rodney A. Brooks and Anita M. Flynn and Thomas Marill}, TITLE = {Self Calibration of Motion and Stereo Vision for Mobile Robot Navigation}, BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Robotics Research}, YEAR = {1987}, ADDRESS = {Santa Cruz, California}, PAGES = {267--276}, MONTH = aug } @INPROCEEDINGS{Brooks-Gabriel-Steele-compile, AUTHOR = {Rodney A. Brooks and Richard P. Gabriel and Guy L. {Steele Jr.}}, TITLE = {An Optimizing Compiler for Lexically Scoped Lisp}, BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 1982 Symposium on Compiler Construction. ACM SIGPLAN}, YEAR = {1982}, MONTH = jun, ADDRESS = {Boston, MA}, PAGES = {261--275}, NOTE = {Publised as ACM SIGPLAN {\em Notices 17,} 6 (June 1982)} } @INPROCEEDINGS{Brooks-LUCID-compile, AUTHOR = {Rodney A. Brooks and David B. Posner and James L. McDonald and Jon L. White and Eric Benson and Richard P. Gabriel}, TITLE = {Design of An Optimizing Dynamically Retargetable Compiler for Common Lisp}, BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 1986 ACM Symposium on Lisp and Functional Programming}, YEAR = {1986}, MONTH = aug, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}, PAGES = {67--85} } @BOOK{Caudill-92-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Maureen Caudill}, TITLE = {In Our Own Image: Building An Artificial Person}, PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press}, YEAR = {1992}, ADDRESS = {New York, NY} } @BOOK{Karmiloff-Smith-92-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Annette Karmiloff-Smith}, TITLE = {Beyond Modularity: A Developmental Perspective on Cognitive Change}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, YEAR = {1992}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}, annote = {representational redescription} } @BOOK{Churchland-Sejnowski-92-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Patricia S. Churchland and Terrence J. Sejnowski}, TITLE = {The Computational Brain}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, YEAR = {1992}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA} } @INPROCEEDINGS{Connell-87-PROC, AUTHOR = {Jonathan H. Connell}, TITLE = {Creature Building with the Subsumption Architecture}, BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, YEAR = {1987}, PAGES = {1124--1126}, ADDRESS = {Milan, Italy}, MONTH = aug } @BOOK{Connell-90-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Jonathan H. Connell}, TITLE = {Minimalist Mobile Robotics: A Colony-style Architecture for a Mobile Robot}, PUBLISHER = {Academic Press}, YEAR = {1990}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}, NOTE = {also {MIT} TR-1151} } @PHDTHESIS{Coombs-92-THESIS, AUTHOR = {David J. Coombs}, TITLE = {Real-time Gaze Holding in Binocular Robot Vision}, SCHOOL = {University of Rochester, Department of CS}, YEAR = {1992}, ADDRESS = {Rochester, NY}, MONTH = jan } @ARTICLE{Crick-93-NATURE, AUTHOR = {Francis Crick and Edward Jones}, TITLE = {Backwardness of human neuroanatomy}, JOURNAL = NATURE, YEAR = {1993}, VOLUME = {361}, PAGES = {109--110}, MONTH = jan } @INPROCEEDINGS{Cypher-93-PROC, AUTHOR = {R. Cypher and A. Ho and S. Konstantinidou and P. Messina}, TITLE = {Architectural Requirements of Parallel Scientific Applications with Explicit Communication}, BOOKTITLE = {IEEE Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Computer Architecture}, YEAR = {1993}, PAGES = {2--13}, ADDRESS = {San Diego, California}, MONTH = may } @BOOK{Damasio-Damasio-89-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Hanna Damasio and Antonia R. Damasio}, TITLE = {Lesion Analysis in Neuropsychology}, PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press}, YEAR = {1989}, ADDRESS = {New York, NY} } @BOOK{Dennett-91-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Daniel C. Dennett}, TITLE = {Consciousness Explained}, PUBLISHER = {Little Brown \& Co.}, YEAR = {1991}, ADDRESS = {Boston, MA} } @ARTICLE{Dennett-Kinsbourne-92-BBS, AUTHOR = {Daniel C. Dennett and Marcel Kinsbourne}, TITLE = {Time and the Observer: The Where and When of Consciousness in the Brain}, JOURNAL = {Brain and Behavioral Sciences}, VOLUME = {15}, PAGES = {183--247}, YEAR = {1992} } @BOOK{Edelman-87-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Gerald M. Edelman}, TITLE = {Neural Darwinsim: The Theory of Neuronal Group Selection}, PUBLISHER = {Basic Books}, YEAR = {1987}, ADDRESS = {New York, NY} } @BOOK{Edelman-89-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Gerald M. Edelman}, TITLE = {The Remembered Present: A Biological Theory of Consciousness}, PUBLISHER = {Basic Books}, YEAR = {1989}, ADDRESS = {New York, NY} } @BOOK{Edelman-92-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Gerald M. Edelman}, TITLE = {Bright Air, Brilliant Fire: On the Matter of Mind}, PUBLISHER = {Basic Books}, YEAR = {1992}, ADDRESS = {New York, NY} } @MASTERSTHESIS{Ferrell-93-THESIS, AUTHOR = {Cynthia Ferrell}, TITLE = {Robust Agent Control of an Autonomous Robot with Many Sensors and Actuators}, SCHOOL = {{MIT}, Department of {EECS}}, YEAR = {1993}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}, MONTH = may } @ARTICLE{Fendrich-92-SCI, AUTHOR = {Rovert Fendrich and C. Mark Wessinger and Michael S. Gazzaniga}, TITLE = {Residual Vision in a Scotoma: Implications for Blindsight}, JOURNAL = SCI, YEAR = {1992}, VOLUME = {258}, PAGES = {1489--1491}, MONTH = nov } @ARTICLE{Perrett-87-ART, AUTHOR = {D. I. Perrett and A. J. Mistlin and A. J. Chitty}, TITLE = {Visual neurones responsive to faces.}, JOURNAL = {Trends in Neuroscience}, YEAR = {1987}, VOLUME = {9}, PAGES = {358--364}, } @BOOK{Haugeland-85-BOOK, AUTHOR = {John Haugeland}, TITLE = {Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, YEAR = {1985}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, Massachusetts} } @BOOK{Hoare-85-BOOK, AUTHOR = {C. A. R. Hoare}, TITLE = {Communicating Sequential Processes}, PUBLISHER = {Prentice-Hall}, YEAR = {1985}, ADDRESS = {Englewood Cliffs, NJ} } @PHDTHESIS{Horswill-PHD, AUTHOR = {Ian D. Horswill}, TITLE = {Specialization of Perceptual Processes}, SCHOOL = {{MIT}, Department of {EECS}}, YEAR = {1993}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}, MONTH = may } @INPROCEEDINGS{Horswill-Brooks-88-PROC, AUTHOR = {Ian D. Horswill and Rodney A. Brooks}, TITLE = {Situated Vision in a Dynamic World: Chasing Objects}, BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, YEAR = {1988}, PAGES = {796--800}, ADDRESS = {St. Paul, Minnesota} } @BOOK{Johnson-87-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Mark Johnson}, TITLE = {The Body In The Mind}, PUBLISHER = {University of Chicago Press}, YEAR = {1987}, ADDRESS = {Chicago, Illinois} } @INCOLLECTION{Kinsbourne-88-COLL, AUTHOR = {M. Kinsbourne}, TITLE = {Integrated field theory of consciousness}, BOOKTITLE = {The Concept of Consciousness in Contemporary Science}, PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press}, YEAR = {1988}, EDITOR = {A.J. Marcel and E. Bisiach}, ADDRESS = {London, England} } @INCOLLECTION{Kinsbourne-87-COLL, AUTHOR = {M. Kinsbourne}, TITLE = {Mechanisms of unilateral neglect}, BOOKTITLE = {Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Aspects of Spatial Neglect}, PUBLISHER = {Elsevier}, YEAR = {1987}, EDITOR = {M. Jeannerod}, ADDRESS = {North Holland} } @INCOLLECTION{Kinsbourne-Hicks-78-COLL, AUTHOR = {M. Kinsbourne and R.E. Hicks}, TITLE = {Functional cerebral space: A model for overflow, transfer and interference effects in human performance: A tutorial review}, BOOKTITLE = {Attention and Performace VII}, PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum}, YEAR = {1978}, EDITOR = {J. Requin}, ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ} } @INCOLLECTION{MacKay-85-COLL, AUTHOR = {D. M. MacKay}, TITLE = {The significance of `feature sensitivity'}, BOOKTITLE = {Models of the Visual Cortex}, PUBLISHER = {John Wiley \& Sons Ltd}, YEAR = {1985}, EDITOR = {D. Rose and V. G. Dobson}, } @INCOLLECTION{Gallistel-Brown-1991-COLL, AUTHOR = {C.R. Gallistel and Ann L. Brown and Susan Carey and Rochel Gelman and Frank C. Keil}, TITLE = {Lessons From Animal Learning for the Study of Cognitive Development}, BOOKTITLE = {The Epigenesis of Mind}, PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum}, YEAR = {1991}, pages={3--36}, EDITOR = {Susan Carey and Rochel Gelman}, ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ} } @INCOLLECTION{Diamond91, AUTHOR = {Adele Diamond}, TITLE = {Neuropsychological Insights into the Meaning of Object Concept Development}, BOOKTITLE = {The Epigenesis of Mind}, PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum}, YEAR = {1991}, pages={67--110}, EDITOR = {Susan Carey and Rochel Gelman}, ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ} } @BOOK{Lakoff-Johnson-80-BOOK, AUTHOR = {George Lakoff and Mark Johnson}, TITLE = {Metaphors We Live By}, PUBLISHER = {University of Chicago Press}, YEAR = {1980}, ADDRESS = {Chicago, Illinois} } @BOOK{Lakoff-87-BOOK, AUTHOR = {George Lakoff}, TITLE = {Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things}, PUBLISHER = {University of Chicago Press}, YEAR = {1987}, ADDRESS = {Chicago, Illinois} } @ARTICLE{Lempert-Kinsbourne-85-PB, AUTHOR = {H. Lempert and M. Kinsbourne}, TITLE = {Possible origin of speech in selective orienting}, JOURNAL = PB, YEAR = {1985}, VOLUME = {97}, PAGES = {62--73} } @ARTICLE{Hineline-Rachlin-69, AUTHOR = {P. N. Hineline and H. Rachlin }, TITLE = {Escape and avoidance of shock by pigeons pecking a key}, JOURNAL = {Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior}, YEAR = {1969}, VOLUME = {12}, PAGES = {533--538} } @ARTICLE{Garcia-Koelling-66, AUTHOR = {J. Garcia and R. A. Koelling}, TITLE = {The relation of cue to consequence in avoidance learning}, JOURNAL = {Psychonomic Science}, YEAR = {1966}, VOLUME = {4}, PAGES = {123--124} } @ARTICLE{Seyfarth-Cheney-80, AUTHOR = {R. M. Seyfarth and D. L. Cheney and P. Marler}, TITLE = {Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: Evidence of predator classification and semantic communication}, JOURNAL = {Science}, YEAR = {1980}, VOLUME = {14}, PAGES = {801--803} } @BOOK{Levelt-89-BOOK, AUTHOR = {William J. M. Levelt}, TITLE = {Speaking}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, YEAR = {1989}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, Massachusetts} } @ARTICLE{Lisberger-88-TIN, AUTHOR = {Steven G. Lisberger}, TITLE = {The neural basis for motor learning in the vestibulo-ocular reflex in monkeys}, JOURNAL = "Trends in Neuroscience", YEAR = {1988}, VOLUME = {11}, PAGES = {147--152} } @BOOK{Marr-82-BOOK, AUTHOR = {David Marr}, TITLE = {Vision}, PUBLISHER = {W. H. Freeman}, YEAR = {1982}, ADDRESS = {San Francisco, California} } @ARTICLE{Mataric-92-R+A, AUTHOR = {Maja J. Matari\'{c}}, TITLE = {Integration of Representation Into Goal-Driven Behavior-Based Robots}, JOURNAL = R+A, YEAR = {1992}, VOLUME = {8}, NUMBER = {3}, PAGES = {304--312} } @INPROCEEDINGS{Mataric-92-SAB, AUTHOR = {Maja J. Matari\'{c}}, TITLE = {Designing Emergent Behaviors: From Local Interactions to Collective Intelligence}, BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior}, YEAR = {1992}, PAGES = {432--441}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}, MONTH = dec } @ARTICLE{McCarthy-Warrington-88-NATURE, AUTHOR = {Rosaleen A. McCarthy and Elizabeth K. Warrington}, TITLE = {Evidence for Modality-Specific Systems in the Brain}, JOURNAL = NATURE, YEAR = {1988}, VOLUME = {334}, PAGES = {428--430} } @BOOK{McCarthy-Warrington-90-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Rosaleen A. McCarthy and Elizabeth K. Warrington}, TITLE = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, PUBLISHER = {Academic Press}, YEAR = {1990}, ADDRESS = {San Diego, California} } @BOOK{Minsky-Papert-69-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert}, TITLE = {Perceptrons}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, YEAR = {1969}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA} } @INCOLLECTION{Newcombe-Ratcliff-89-COLL, AUTHOR = {Freda Newcombe and Graham Ratcliff}, TITLE = {Disorders of Visupspatial Analysis}, BOOKTITLE = {Handbook of Neuropsychology, Volume 2}, PUBLISHER = {Elsevier}, YEAR = {1989}, ADDRESS = {New York, NY} } @BOOK{Rosenblatt-62-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Frank Rosenblatt}, TITLE = {Principles of Neurodynamics}, PUBLISHER = {Spartan}, YEAR = {1962}, ADDRESS = {New York, NY} } @BOOK{Searle-92-BOOK, AUTHOR = {John R. Searle}, TITLE = {The Rediscovery of the Mind}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, YEAR = {1992}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA} } @BOOK{Simon-69-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Herbert A. Simon}, TITLE = {The Sciences of the Artificial}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, YEAR = {1969}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA} } @BOOK{Steele-CLTLII, AUTHOR = {Guy L. {Steele Jr.}}, TITLE = {Common Lisp: The Language}, PUBLISHER = {Digital Press}, YEAR = {1990}, address = {Bedford, MA}, EDITION = {second} } @BOOK{Rumelhart-McClelland-86-BOOK, EDITOR = {David E. Rumelhart and James L. McClelland}, TITLE = {Parallel Distributed Processing}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, YEAR = {1986}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA} } @BOOK{Penrose-89-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Roger Penrose}, TITLE = {The Emporer's New Mind}, PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press}, YEAR = {1989}, ADDRESS = {Oxford, United Kingdom} } @INPROCEEDINGS{Teitelbaum-et-al-90-PROC, AUTHOR = {Philip Teitelbaum, Vivien C. Pellis and Sergio M. Pellis}, TITLE = {Can Allied Reflexes Promote the Integration of a Robot's Behavior}, BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior}, YEAR = {1990}, PAGES = {97--104}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA} } @INCOLLECTION{Turing-70-COLL, AUTHOR = {Alan M. Turing}, TITLE = {Intelligent Machinery}, BOOKTITLE = {Machine Intelligence 5}, PUBLISHER = {American Elsevier Publishing}, YEAR = {1970}, EDITOR = {Bernard Meltzer and Donald Michie}, PAGES = {3--23}, ADDRESS = {New York, NY} } @TECHREPORT{Ullman-91-TR, AUTHOR = {Shimon Ullman}, TITLE = {Sequence-Seeking and Counter Streams: A Model for Information Processing in the Cortex}, INSTITUTION = MITAI, YEAR = {1991}, TYPE = MIT-AIM, NUMBER = {1311}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}, MONTH = dec } @BOOK{Weiskrantz-86-BOOK, AUTHOR = {L. Weiskrantz}, TITLE = {Blindsight}, PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press}, YEAR = {1986}, ADDRESS = {Oxford, United Kingdom} } @MASTERSTHESIS{Viola-90-THESIS, AUTHOR = {Paul A. Viola}, TITLE = {Adaptive Gaze Control}, SCHOOL = {{MIT}, Department of {EECS}}, YEAR = {1990}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}, MONTH = oct } @BOOK{Brachman-Levesque:KR, EDITOR = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque}, TITLE = {Readings in Knowledge Representation}, BOOKTITLE = {Readings in Knowledge Representation}, PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann}, YEAR = {1985}, ADDRESS = {Los Altos, California} } @BOOK{Hobbs-Moore:FTOCSW, TITLE = {Formal Theories of the Commonsense World}, BOOKTITLE = {Formal Theories of the Commonsense World}, EDITOR = {Jerry Hobbs and Robert Moore}, YEAR = {1985}, PUBLISHER = ABLEX, ADDRESS = ABLEX-ADDR } @ARTICLE{Stein94, AUTHOR = {Lynn Andrea Stein}, TITLE = {Imagination and Situated Cognition}, JOURNAL = {Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence}, volume = 6, pages = "363--407", YEAR = {1994} } @BOOK{Fodor-MOM, AUTHOR = {Jerry A. Fodor}, TITLE = {The Modularity of Mind}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, YEAR = {1983}, SERIES = {Bradford Books}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}, annote = { Transducers -> Input modules -> (non-modular) central system. characteristics of modules: domain specific, innately specified, inforrmationally encapsulated, fast, hardwired (neurally specific) autonomous, (not assembled -- see Coltheart 99). Coltheart99 (below) argues these aren't all *necessary*, just typical. He quotes Fodor from p.37 "When I speak of a cognitive system as modular, I shall therefore always mean `to some interesting extent'", and from p 137 that only probability of coassociation of characteristics. Can be top-down flow *within* a module p. 76} } @INPROCEEDINGS{Rosenschein-Kaelbling-86-TARK, AUTHOR = {Stanley J. Rosenschein and Leslie Pack Kaelbling}, TITLE = {The Synthesis of Digital Machines with Provable Epestemic Properties}, BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, YEAR = {1986}, EDITOR = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann}, ADDRESS = {Monterey, California}, MONTH = mar, PAGES = {83--98} } @ARTICLE{Kuipers-Byun-91-RAS, AUTHOR = {Benjamin Kuipers and Yung-Tai Byun}, TITLE = {A robot exploration and mapping strategy based on a semantic hierarchy of spatial representations}, JOURNAL = {Robotics and Autonomous Systems}, YEAR = {1991}, VOLUME = {8}, PAGES = {47--63} } @INPROCEEDINGS{SBots:SAB92, AUTHOR = {Holly Yanco and Lynn Andrea Stein}, TITLE = {An Adaptive Communication Protocol for Cooperating Mobile Robots}, PAGES = {478--485}, BOOKTITLE = {From Animals to Animats 2 (SAB92)}, YEAR = {1993}, EDITOR = {Jean-Arcady Meyer and Herbert Roitblat and Stuart Wilson}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA} } @ARTICLE{Sanborn-Hendler-88-AIE, AUTHOR = {James C. Sanborn and James A. Hendler}, TITLE = {A model of reaction for planning in dynamic environments}, JOURNAL = {International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Engineering}, YEAR = {1988}, VOLUME = {3}, NUMBER = {2}, PAGES = {95--102}, MONTH = apr } @INPROCEEDINGS{Agre-Chapman-87-AAAI, AUTHOR = {Philip E. Agre and David Chapman}, TITLE = {Pengi: An Implementation of a Theory of Activity}, BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, YEAR = {1987}, PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann}, ADDRESS = {Seattle, Washington}, KEY = {{\em AAAI--87\/}}, MONTH = jul, PAGES = {196--201} } @BOOK{Springer-Deutsch-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Sally P. Springer and Georg Deutsch}, TITLE = {Left Brain, Right Brain}, PUBLISHER = {{W.H.} Freeman and Company}, YEAR = {1981}, ADDRESS = {New York} } @INCOLLECTION{Newell-Simon-81-MD, AUTHOR = {Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon}, TITLE = {Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search}, BOOKTITLE = {Mind Design}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, YEAR = {1981}, EDITOR = {John Haugeland}, CHAPTER = {1}, PAGES = {35--66}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA} } @ARTICLE{Fernald, AUTHOR = {Anne Fernald}, TITLE = {Intonation and communicative intent in mothers' speech to infants: Is the melody the message?}, JOURNAL = {Child Development}, YEAR = {1989}, VOLUME = {60}, PAGES = {1497-1510} } @BOOK{Allen-Hendler-Tate:RIP, EDITOR = {James Allen and James Hendler and Austin Tate}, TITLE = {Readings in Planning}, BOOKTITLE = {Readings in Planning}, PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann}, YEAR = {1990}, ADDRESS = {Los Altos, California} } @BOOK{Kosslyn, AUTHOR = {S. Kosslyn}, TITLE = {Image and brain: The resolution of the imagery debate}, PUBLISHER = {Harvard University Press}, YEAR = {1993}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}, annote = {Harvard guy I saw talk at MIT in 93-94} } @BOOK{Langacker, AUTHOR = {Ronald W. Langacker}, TITLE = {Foundations of cognitive grammar, Volume 1}, PUBLISHER = {Stanford University Press}, YEAR = {1987}, ADDRESS = {Palo Alto, California} } @BOOK{Bickerton-92-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Derek Bickerton}, TITLE = {Language \& Species}, PUBLISHER = {The University of Chicago Press}, YEAR = {1987}, ADDRESS = {Chicago, Illinois} } ARTICLE{Bickhard, AUTHOR = {Mark. H. Bickhard}, TITLE = {Emergence of autobiographical memory at age-4}, JOURNAL = {Human Development}, YEAR = {1992}, VOLUME = {35}, PAGES = {182--192} } @UNPUBLISHED{Bickhard, AUTHOR = {Mark. H. Bickhard}, TITLE = {How to Build a Machine with Emergent Representational Content}, NOTE = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas, Austin} } @PHDTHESIS{Harris-91, AUTHOR = {Catherine L. Harris}, TITLE = {Parallel Distributed Processing Models and Metaphors for Language and Development}, SCHOOL = {University of California, Department of Cognitive Science}, YEAR = {1991}, ADDRESS = {San Diego, California}, MONTH = aug } @ARTICLE{Harris-90, AUTHOR = {Catherine L. Harris}, TITLE = {Connectionism and cognitive linguistics}, JOURNAL = {Connection Science}, YEAR = {1990}, VOLUME = {2}, PAGES = {7--34} } @BOOK{Drescher-91-BOOK, AUTHOR = {Gary L. Drescher}, TITLE = {Made-Up Minds: A Constructivist Approach to Artificial Intelligence}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, YEAR = {1991}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA} } @Article{POMERLEAU-91-NEURCOMP, author = "Dean A. Pomerleau", title = "Efficient Training of Artificial Neural Networks for Autonomous Navigation", journal = NEURCOMP, year = 1991, volume = 3, number = 1 } ----------------------- @techreport{RB91, title = "Intelligence without Reason", author = "Rodney A. Brooks", institution = "MIT", address = "Cambridge, MA", type = "{A.I.} Memo", number = 1293, month = "April", year = 1991} @techreport{ghengis, title="A Robot that Walks : Emergent Behaviors from a Carefully Evolved Network", author="Rodney A. Brooks", institution="MIT", address = "Cambridge, MA", type = "{A.I.} Memo", number = 1091, month = "February", year = 1989} @techreport{Maes89, title="How To Do the Right Thing", author="Pattie Maes", institution="MIT", address = "Cambridge, MA", type = "{A.I.} Memo", number = 1180, month = "December", year = 1989} @article{RB90, title="Intelligence without Representation", author="Rodney A. Brooks", journal = "Artificial Intelligence", volume = 47, pages = {139--159}, year = 1991} @inproceedings{paradigm, title = "An Emerging Paradigm in Robot Architecture", author = "Chris Malcolm and Tim Smithers and John Hallam", booktitle = " Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Autonomous Systems ({IAS})", volume = 2, year = 1989, publisher = {Elsevier}, editors = {T. Kanade and F. C. A. Groen and L. O. Hertzberger}, pages = "545--564", address = "Amsterdam", } @article{perceptrons, author = "F. Rosenblatt", title = "The Perceptron: A probabilistic Model for Information Storage and Organisation in the Brain", journal = "Psychological Review", volume = "65", pages = {386--408}, year = 1958} @article{RA90, author = "Ronald Arkin", title = " Integrating Behavioral, Perceptual and World Knowledge in Reactive Navigation", journal = "Robotics and Automation", volume = "6(1)", pages = {105--122}, year = 1990} @article{RR92, author = "Robert Rowe", title = "Machine Listening and Composing with Cypher", journal = "The Computer Music Journal", volume = "16(1)", year = 1992} @book{MAES, title = "Designing Autonomous Agents : Theory and Practice from Biology to Engineering and back", editor = "Pattie Maes", publisher = "{MIT} Press", address = "Cambridge, MA", year = 1990} @book{BlakeYulle92, title = "Active Vision", author = "Blake, Andrew and Yulle, Alan", publisher = "{MIT} Press", address = "Cambridge, MA", year = 1992} @book{Leibniz, title = "Leibniz : philosophical writings / translated by Mary Morris", author = "Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz", publisher = "Dent", address = "London", year = 1956} @book{SE, title = "Software Engineering: Principles and Methods", author = "B. Ratcliff", publisher = "Blackwell Scientific Publications", address = "Oxford, UK", year = 1987} @book{MMM, title = "The Mythical Man-month: Essays on Software Engineering", author = "Brooks, Jr., Frederick P.", publisher = "Addison-Wesley", address = "Reading, MA", year = 1975} @book{MMM20, title = "The Mythical Man-month: Essays on Software Engineering", author = "Brooks, Jr., Frederick P.", publisher = "Addison-Wesley", address = "Reading, MA", edition = {20th Anniversary Edition}, year = 1995} @book{DD91, title = "Consciousness Explained", author = "Daniel C. Dennett", publisher = "Allan Lane, The Penguin Press", address = "London, UK", year = 1991} @inproceedings{ACCOMP, title = "The Computer as Accompanist", author = "W. Buxton and R. Dannenberg and B. Vercoe", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Conference - Computer Human Interaction", pages = {41--43}, note = {ACM/SIGCHI}, year = 1986}. @inproceedings{RD87, title = "Following an Improvisation in Real Time", author = "R. Dannenberg and B. Mont-Reynaud", booktitle = "Proceedings of the ICMC", pages = {241--248}, year = 1987}. @inproceedings{RD88, title = "New Techniques for Enhanced Quality of Computer Accompaniment", author = "R. Dannenberg and H. Mukaino", booktitle = "Proceedings of the ICMC", pages = {241--249}, year = 1988}. @techreport{TM92, title = "Hyperinstruments : A Progress Report 1987-1991", author = "T. Machover", institution = "MIT", type = "Media Lab Document", address = "Cambridge, MA", year = 1992}. @unpublished{MAN, title = "Subsumption Architecture-Based Real-Time Multitasking Kernel for Programming Autonomous Robots", author = "R. F. Man", note = "Distributed over the Newsnet", year = 1992}. @incollection{UN91, title = "Location Recognition in a Mobile Robot Using Self-Ordering Feature Maps", author = "Ulrich Nehmzow and Tim Smithers and John Hallam", booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Workshop on Information Processing in Autonomous Mobile Robots", pages = {267--277}, editor = "M. Boden", publisher = "Springer", address = "Munich", year = 1991}. @incollection{LH87, title = "The Perception of Music", author = "H. C. Longuet-Higgins", booktitle = "Mental Processes : Studies in Cognitive Science", chapter = 13, pages = {169--187}, editor = "M. Boden", publisher = "{MIT} Press", address = "Cambridge, MA", year = 1987}. @unpublished{DES92u, title = "A (De)composable Theory of Rhythm Perception", author = "P. Desain", note = "to appear in {M}usic {P}erception", year = 1992}. @book{DES92, title = "Music, Mind and Machine: Studies in Computer Music, Music Cognition, and Artificial Intelligence", author = "Peter Desain and Herkjan Honing", publisher = "Thesis Publishers", address = "Amsterdam", year = 1992} @article{CR80, title = "Interview with {M}arvin {M}insky", author = "C. Roads", journal = "Computer Music Journal", volume = "4(3)", pages = {25--39}, month = "Autumn", year = 1980}. @article{MW88, title = "Evidence for Modality-Specific Systems in the Brain", author = "Rosaleen A. McCarthy and Elizabeth K. Warrington", journal = "Nature", volume = "334", pages = {428--430}, year = 1988}. @article{WABOT, title = "Automated Recognition System for Musical Score -- The Vision System of {WABOT-2}", author = "T. Matsushima and T. Harada and I. Sonomoto and K. Kanamori and A. Uesugi and Y. Nimura and S. Hashimoto and S. Ohteru", journal = "Bulletin of Science and Engineering Research Laboratory", volume = "112", pages = {25--52}, institution = "Waseda University", year = 1985}. @techreport{PA88, title = "What are Plans For?", author = "Philip E. Agre and David Chapman", institution = "MIT", type = "{AI} Memo 1050", address = "Cambridge, MA", month = "September", year = 1988}. @techreport{Drescher88, title = "Demystifying Quantum Mechanics: A Simple Universe with Quantum Uncertainty", author = "Gary L. Drescher", institution = "MIT", type = "{AI} Memo 1026a", address = "Cambridge, MA", month = "December", year = 1988}. -- MM90 => Mataric-90-TR @TECHREPORT{Mataric-90-TR, AUTHOR = {Maja J. Matari\'{c}}, TITLE = {A Distributed Model for Mobile Robot Environment-Learning and Navigation}, INSTITUTION = MITAI, YEAR = {1990}, TYPE = MIT-TR, NUMBER = {1228}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, MONTH = jun } @unpublished{MM92, author = "M. J. Matari\'{c}", institution = "MIT", note = "Personal communication", year = 1992}. @unpublished{Firby95pc, author = "James Firby", institution = "AAAI Fall Symposium on embodiment and language", note = "Personal communication", year = 1995}. @unpublished{DW92, author = "D. Willshaw", school = "Department of Congitive Science", institution = "The University of Edinburgh", note = "Personal communication", year = 1992}. @book{SOM, title = "The Society of Mind", author = "Marvin Minsky", publisher = "Simon and Schuster Inc.", address = "New York, NY", year = 1985}. @book{NN91, title = "Introduction to the Theory of Neural Computation", author = "John Hertz and Anders Krogh and Richard G. Palmer", publisher = "Addison-Wesley", institution = "Santa Fe Institue Studies in the Sciences of Complexity", address = "Redwood City, CA", year = 1991}. @book{CMJ, title = "Music and Connectionism", editor = "P. M. Todd and D. G. Loy", publisher = "MIT Press", note = "Based on two special issues of the Computer Music Journal", address = "Cambridge, MA", year = 1991}. @book{DIST, title = "Coordination of Distributed Problem Solvers", author = "Edmund H. Durfee", publisher = "Kluwer Academic Publishers", address = "Boston, MA", year = 1988}. @book{C++, title = "The C++ Programming Language", author = "Bjarne Stroustrup", institution = "AT\&T Bell Laboratories", publisher = "Addison-Wesley", address = "Reading, MA", year = 1986}. @manual{GDB, title = "Using GDB: A Guide to the GNU Source-Level Debugger", institution = "Free Software Foundation, Inc.", author = "Richard M. Stallman and Roland H. Pesch", address = "Cambridge, MA", year = 1991}. @manual{soundtool, title = "soundtool", organization = "Sun Microsystems, Inc.", year = 1989}. @manual{CSOUND, title = " The Csound Reference Manual", institution = " Music and Cognition group of the Media Laboratory at MIT", author = "Barry Vercoe", publisher = "Addison-Wesley", address = "Cambridge, MA", year = 1991}. @unpublished{ISC, title = "Intelligent Sensing and Control", author = "John Hallam", note = "{L}ecture notes (revised from {T}im {S}mithers, 1990)", school = "Department of Artificial Intelligence", institution = "University of Edinburgh", year = 1991}. @phdthesis{CG92, title = "Achieving Global Coherence By Exploiting Conflict: A Distributed Framework for Job Shop Scheduling", author = "C. P. Gomes", note = "Department of Artificial Intelligence", school = "University of Edinburgh", year = 1992}. @mastersthesis{BS92, title = "Location Recognition wih Neural Networks in a Mobile Robot", author = "William D. Smart", note = "Department of Artificial Intelligence", school = "University of Edinburgh", year = 1992}. @unpublished{NN92, title = "Neural Networks: Motivation from Psychology", author = "Nick Chater", note = "{L}ecture notes from the Neural Networks MSc module, Department of Cognitive Science", school = "Department of Psychology", institution = "University of Edinburgh", year = 1992}. @techreport{JH91, author = "John Hallam", title = "Autonomous Robots: from Dream to Reality", type = "Teaching paper", school = "Department of Artificial Intelligence", institution = "University of Edinburgh", year = 1991} @techreport{DaK92, author = "D. Dennett and M. Kinsbourne", title = "Time and the Observer: the Where and When of Consciousness in the Brain", school = "Center for Cognitive Studies", institution = "Tufts University", year = 1992} @book{BP84, EDITOR = "Brady, Michael and Paul, Richard", title = "Robotics Research: The First International Symposium", PUBLISHER = {The MIT Press}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge MA}, year = 1984} @incollection{Arkin91, author="Ronald C. Arkin", title="Integrating Behavioral, Perceptual, and World Knowledge in Reactive Navigation", booktitle="Designing Autonomous Agents: Theory and Practice from Biology to Engineering and Back", editor="Pattie Maes", publisher="The MIT Press", year=1991, pages="105--122", note="Special Issue of Robotics and Autonomous Systems"} @incollection{Newell63, author = {Newell, A. and Simon, H.A.}, title = {{GPS:} {A} Program that Simulates Human Thought}, booktitle = {Computers and Thought}, editor = {Feigenbaum, E.A. and Feldman, J.}, publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, address = {New York}, year = 1963, key = {ai-history,ai}, annote = { {\it ~\\ Probably the most influential paper establishing the ``physical symbol system'' computational paradigm as the underlying model of intelligence used by AI.} }} @book{PC86, author="P. S. Churchland", title="Neurophilosophy: Toward a Unified Science of the Mind/Brain", publisher="MIT Press", year=1986} @book{Rosenzweig89, author = "Rosenzweig, Mark R. and Leiman, Arnold L.", title = "Psysiological Psychology, second edition", PUBLISHER = {Random House}, ADDRESS = {New York, NY}, year = 1989}. @incollection{ArbibHouse87, author = "Arbib, Michael A. and House, Donald H.", EDITOR = "Arbib, Michael A. and Hanson, Allen R.", booktitle = "Vision, Brain, and Cooperative Computation", title="Depth and Detours: An Essay on Visually Guided Behavior", PUBLISHER = {The MIT Press}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge MA}, year = 1987} pages="129--163", annote = "frog vision ref"}. @article{Barnard80, title = "Disparity Analysis of Images", author = "Barnard, Stephen T. and Thompson, William B.", journal = "IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence", volume="PAMI-2", number = 4, pages = {527--534}, year = 1980}. @unpublished{FerrellScaz95, title = "A Robot for Natural Human-Machine Interaction", author = "Ferrell, Cynthia and Scassellati, Brian and Binnard, Michael", note = "Under consideration by IJCAI-95", school = "MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab", institution = "MIT", year = 1995}. @unpublished{Wessler95, title = "Reubens: A Modular Visual Tracking System", author = "Wessler, Mike", note = "Under consideration by IJCAI-95", school = "MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab", institution = "MIT", year = 1995}. @INPROCEEDINGS{Sundar94, AUTHOR = {V. Sundareswaran and L. M. Vaina}, TITLE = {Learning Direction in Global Motion: Two Classes of Psychophysically-Motivated Models}, BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 7}, YEAR = {1994}, EDITOR = {G. Tesauro and D. Touretzky and T. Leen}, ADDRESS = {Denver, CO} } @ARTICLE{M1-94, AUTHOR = {Marcia Barinaga}, TITLE = {Watching the Brain Remake Itself}, JOURNAL = {Science}, YEAR = {1994}, month = "December", VOLUME = {266}, PAGES = {1475--1476} } @book{DeGroot46, Author = "De Groot, A. D.", title = "Thought and choice in chess", Publisher = "Mouton, the Hauge", Year = "1965 (English translation of the original Dutch edition of 1946)", annote = "- this is the famous quote about chess experts recognizing larger chunks -" } @unpublished{embcog, AUTHOR = {Joanna Bryson}, TITLE = {The Role and Nature of Learning in an Artifact}, note = {Summary in AISB96 workshop proceedings. Accessable through http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/joanna/cog.html}, YEAR = {1993}, month = "December", } @unpublished{Yuret95, AUTHOR = {Deniz Yuret}, TITLE = {A Brief Review of Memory Research in Cognitive Neuroscience}, note = {access through http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/zoo.html}, YEAR = {1995}, } @ARTICLE{BT, AUTHOR = {Stephen Appleby and Simon Steward}, TITLE = {Mobile Software Agents for Control in Telecommnications Networks}, JOURNAL = {BT Technology Journal}, YEAR = {1994}, volume = 12, number = 2, pages = {104--113}, month = "March", annote = "early agent paper, uses subsumption architecture (sort of!) to create independent agents to run around and do load balancing. two kinds of agents --- one does the work, the other maintains the worker agents (eg kills off extras)." } @inproceedings{Pebody95, title = "Learning and Adaptivity: Enhancing Reactive Behaviour Architectures in Real-World Interaction Systems", author = "Miles Pebody", booktitle = "Advances in Artificial Life (Third European Conference on Artificial Life)", pages = {679--690}, editor = "F. Moran and A. Moreno and J.J. Merelo and P. Chacon", publisher = "Springer", address = "Berlin", year = 1995}. @inproceedings{Luis95, title = "A Useful Autonomous Vehicle With a Hierarchical Behavior Control", author = "Luis Correia and A. Steiger-Gar\c{c}{\~{a}}o", booktitle = "Advances in Artificial Life (Third European Conference on Artificial Life)", pages = {625--639}, editor = "F. Moran and A. Moreno and J.J. Merelo and P. Chacon", publisher = "Springer", address = "Berlin", year = 1995}. @ARTICLE{Nilsson94, AUTHOR = {Nils J. Nilsson}, TITLE = {Teleo-Reactive Programs for Agent Control}, JOURNAL = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research}, volume="1", pages = {139--158}, year = 1994}. } @phdthesis{Benson96, title = "Learning Action Models for Reactive Autonomous Agents", author = "Scott Benson", note = "Department of Computer Science", school = "Stanford University", month = {December}, year = 1996}. @inproceedings{Donnett-91, title = "Evolving speed control in mobile robots: from blindness to kinetic vision", author = "Jim Donnett and Brendan O. Mc{G}onigle", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Vision Interface Conference", publisher = "Calgary", year = 1991}. @TECHREPORT{Shakey, author = {Nils J. Nilsson}, editor = {Nils J. Nilsson}, TITLE = {Shakey the Robot}, INSTITUTION = {SRI International}, YEAR = {1984}, month = {April}, TYPE = {Technical note}, NUMBER = {323}, ADDRESS = {Menlo Park, California} } @unpublished{Shimon95, author = "Shimon Ullman", institution = "The Weizmann Institute", note = "Personal communication", month = {August}, year = 1995}. @unpublished{CM92, author = "Chris Malcolm", school = "The Department of Artificial Intelligence", institution = "The University of Edinburgh", note = "Personal communication", month = {November}, year = 1992, annote = "this was about how purely behaviour-based systems can't do things as complicated as assembly. Use his tech report instead now -- Malcolm97" }. @ARTICLE{Sutherland87, AUTHOR = {R. J. Sutherland and K. Arnold}, TITLE = {Temporally Graded Loss of Memory after Hippocampal Damage}, JOURNAL = {Neuroscience}, YEAR = {1987}, VOLUME = {22}, } @string{mitpress = "MIT Press"} @string{mitpress_address = "Cambridge, MA"} @proceedings{sab94, title = {From Animals to Animats 3 (SAB94)}, year = 1994, editor = {Cliff, Dave and Husbands, Philip and Meyer, Jean-Arcady and Wilson, Stewart W.}, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, location = {Brighton, UK}, isbn = {0-262-53122-4}, keywords = {Animats, Adaptive Behaviour, Proceedings} } @BOOK{Steels95, EDITOR = "Luc Steels", title = "The Biology and Technology of Intelligent Autonomous Agents", PUBLISHER = {Springer}, ADDRESS = {Berlin}, year = 1995} @ARTICLE{Dautenhahn95, AUTHOR = {Kerstin Dautenhahn}, TITLE = {Getting to Know Each Other --- Artificial Social Intelligence for Autonomous Robots}, JOURNAL = {Robotics and Autonomous Systems}, YEAR = {1995}, } @TECHREPORT{Cecconi95, author = {Federico Cecconi and Filippo Mneczer and Richard K. Belew}, TITLE = {Maturation and the evolution of imitative learning in artificial organisms}, INSTITUTION = {University of California}, YEAR = {1995}, TYPE = {Technical Report}, NUMBER = {CSE 506}, ADDRESS = {an Diego} } @article{Hinton87, author = "Geoffrey E. Hinton and Steven J. Nowlan", journal = "Complex Systems", title="How Learning Can Guide Evolution", year = {1987}, volume = {1}, pages="495--502", annote="Baldwin effect stuff"}. @inproceedings{Blumberg95, author = "Bruce Blumberg and Tinsley Galyean", editor = "Robert Cook", title = "Multi-Level Direction of Autonomous Creatures for Real-Time Virtual Environments", booktitle = "Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series (ACM SIGGRAPH)", publisher = "ACM Press", pages = {47--54}, year = 1995}. @STRING{CACM = "Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery"} @ARTICLE{ELIZA, AUTHOR = {Weizenbaum}, TITLE = "ELIZA - A computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine", JOURNAL = CACM, YEAR = {1966}, VOLUME = {9}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {36--44}, } @ARTICLE{Taylor88, AUTHOR = {S.E. Taylor and J.D. Brown}, TITLE = "Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health", JOURNAL = "Psychological Bulletin", YEAR = {1988}, NUMBER = {103}, PAGES = {193--210}, annote = {"presumably the thing about happy people being unrealistically optimistic in the extent of their control over things. check again."} } @BOOK{Hume, author = "David Hume", title = "Philisophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding", address = {London}, publisher = {Andrew Millar}, year = 1748} @BOOK{Hobbes, author = "Thomas Hobbes", EDITion = {{M}ichael {O}askeshott}, title = "Leviathan", publisher = {London}, year = 1947} @BOOK{Burns, Author = "Robert Burns", title = "Poems and Songs", Edition = {{J}ames {K}insley}, PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press}, ADDRESS = {Oxford}, year = 1969, pages = {43--44}, } @incollection{OntOrd, Author = {Brendan O. Mc{G}onigle and Margaret Chalmers}, EDITOR = "Leslie Smith", booktitle = "Critical Readings on Piaget", title="The Ontology of Order", chapter = 14, address = {London}, PUBLISHER = {Routledge}, year = 1996}, pages="279--310"} @BOOK{McG-BOOK, Author = {Brendan O. Mc{G}onigle and Margaret Chalmers}, title = "The Growth of Intelligence in Complex Systems", PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}, year = {forthcoming}, } @ARTICLE{McNaughton96, AUTHOR = {B.L. McNaughton and C.A. Barnes and J.L. Gerrard and K. Gothard and M.W. Jung and J.J. Knierim and H. Kudrimoti and Y. Qin and W.E. Skaggs and M. Suster and K.L. Weaver}, TITLE = "Deciphering the hippocampal polyglot: the hippocampus as a path integration system", JOURNAL = "The Journal of Experimental Biology", YEAR = {1996}, month = {January}, volume = {199}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {173--185}, annote = {The paper is pretty recent and provides a good discussion of one of several main (controversial) views of hippocampal function and some relevant experiments. [from Sarah Gingel -- McNaughton has already given up on this stuff in 1998 according to Morris' group --JB] Abstract: Hippocampal 'place cells' and the head direction cells of the dorsal presubiculum and related neocortical and thalamic areas appear to be part of a preconfigured network that generates an abstract internal representation of two-dimensional space whose metric is self motion. It appears that viewpoint-specific visual information (e.g. landmarks) becomes secondarily bound to this structure by associative learning. These associations between landmarks and the preconfigured path integrator serve to set the origin fo path integration adn to correct for cumulative error. In the absence of familiar landmarks, or in darkness without a prior spatial reference, the system appears to adopt an initial reference for path integration independantly of external cues. A hypothesis of how the path integration system may operate at the neuronal level is proposed. } } @ARTICLE{McC95, AUTHOR = {James L. McClelland and Bruce L. McNaughton and Randall C. O'Reilly}, TITLE = "Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory", JOURNAL = "Psychological Review", YEAR = {1995}, volume = {102}, NUMBER = {3}, PAGES = {419--457} } @TECHREPORT{Whitehead-92-TR, AUTHOR = {Steven D. Whitehead}, TITLE = {Reinforcement Learning for the Adaptive Control of Perception and Action}, INSTITUTION = "University of Rochester Computer Science", YEAR = {1992}, MONTH = "Feb", TYPE = {Technical Report}, NUMBER = {406}, ADDRESS = {Rochester, NY}, comment = "also a PhD Thesis from the same date", } @InProceedings{Horswill95, author = "Ian D. Horswill", title = "Visual routines and visual search", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence", year = 1995, address = "Montreal", month = "August" } @BOOK{Livesey86, Author = {Peter J. Livesey}, title = "Learning and Emotion: A Biological Synthesis", series = "Evolutionary Processes", PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ}, volume = {1}, year = {1986}, } @unpublished{anon, author = "Anonymous", institution = "Somewhere,", note = "References to author's publications", year = 1900}. @inproceedings{Blumberg94, author = "Bruce Blumberg", title = "Action-Selection in Hamsterdam: Lessons from Ethology.", booktitle = {From Animals to Animats 3 (SAB94)}, year = 1994, editor = {Cliff, Dave and Husbands, Philip and Meyer, Jean-Arcady and Wilson, Stewart W.}, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, location = {Brighton, UK}, isbn = {0-262-53122-4}, keywords = {Animats, Adaptive Behaviour, Proceedings}, } @inproceedings{Webb94, author = "Barbara Webb", title = "Robotic Experiments in Cricket Phonotaxis.", booktitle = {From Animals to Animats 3 (SAB94)}, year = 1994, editor = {Cliff, Dave and Husbands, Philip and Meyer, Jean-Arcady and Wilson, Stewart W.}, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, location = {Brighton, UK}, isbn = {0-262-53122-4}, keywords = {Animats, Adaptive Behaviour, Proceedings}, } @inproceedings{Roitblat94, author = "Herb Roitblat", title = "Mechanisms and process in animal behavior: {M}odels of animals, animals as models", booktitle = {From Animals to Animats (SAB94)}, year = 1994, editor = {Cliff, Dave and Husbands, Philip and Meyer, Jean-Arcady and Wilson, Stewart W.}, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, location = {Brighton, UK}, isbn = {0-262-53122-4}, keywords = {Animats, Adaptive Behaviour, Proceedings}, } @inproceedings{Firby96, author = "James Firby", title = "Modularity Issues in Reactive Planning", booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on AI Planning Systems}, year = 1996, location = {Edinburgh, UK}, PAGES = {78--85} } @inproceedings{Firby87, author = "James Firby", title = "An investigation into reactive planning in complex domains", booktitle = {Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)}, year = 1987, location = {Seattle, WA}, PAGES = {202--207} } @mastersthesis{SOMASS, title = "Planning and Performing the Robotic Assembly of Soma Cube Constructions", author = "Chris A. Malcolm", note = "Department of Artificial Intelligence", school = "University of Edinburgh", year = 1987}. @incollection{Steels94, Author = "Luc Steels", EDITOR = "Luc Steels and Rodney Brooks", booktitle = "The `artificial life' route to `artificial intelligence'. Building situated embodied agents.", title="Building Agents with Autonomous Behavior Systems", PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, ADDRESS = {New Haven}, year = 1994, annote = {presents his robotics work, which is strictly parallel systems, but asserts a 3LA, the need for competitive, edelman development of thoughts. Good defs. all the main BBAI terms.} } @book{SAB90, TITLE = {From Animals to Animats: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior}, YEAR = {1991}, EDITOR = {Jean-Arcady Meyer and Stuart Wilson}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA} } @INPROCEEDINGS{McGSAB90, AUTHOR = {Brendan O. Mc{G}onigle}, TITLE = {Incrementing Intelligent Systems by Design}, PAGES = {478--485}, BOOKTITLE = {From Animals to Animats}, YEAR = {1991}, EDITOR = {Jean-Arcady Meyer and Stuart Wilson}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA} } @INPROCEEDINGS{MaesSAB90, AUTHOR = {Pattie Maes}, TITLE = {A bottom-up mechanism for behavior selection in an artificial creature}, PAGES = {478--485}, BOOKTITLE = {From Animals to Animats}, YEAR = {1991}, EDITOR = {Jean-Arcady Meyer and Stuart Wilson}, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA} } @ARTICLE{Chapman89, AUTHOR = {David Chapman}, TITLE = "Penguins Can Make Cake", JOURNAL = "{AI} Magazine", YEAR = {1989}, volume = {10}, NUMBER = {4}, PAGES = {51--60}, annote = {creates a copy demo on pengi, much like mine} } @TECHREPORT{Chapman-90-PHD, AUTHOR = {David Chapman}, TITLE = {Vision, Instruction, and Action}, INSTITUTION = MITAI, YEAR = {1990}, TYPE = MIT-AITR, NUMBER = {1204}, ADDRESS = MIT-ADDR, MONTH = apr } @Article{Ullman84, author = {Shimon Ullman}, title = {Visual Routines}, journal = {Cognition}, year = 1984, volume = 18, pages = {97--159} } @incollection{Glasspool95, Author = {David W. Glasspool}, EDITOR = "J. Levy and D. Bairaktaris and J. Bullinaria and P. Cairns", booktitle = "Connectionist Models of Memory and Language", title="Competitive Queuing and the Articulatory Loop", PUBLISHER = {UCL Press}, year = 1995, annote = { JB>say anything about the bio plaus of your system? Not really, though it argues for its *psychological* plaus, which is slightly or very different, depending on your point of view. In my thesis I'm taking a sort of half-way standpoint, as follows: 1. There's a lot of low-level behavioural evidence for CQ dynamics in all sorts of sequential tasks, mainly in the structure of errors (eg. in speech, short-term memory, typing, spelling etc, ordering errors & exchange errors are common, errors cluster in the middle of sequences, longer sequences are more error prone etc). 2. These models are easy to implement a) as neural nets, which says something about their plausibility to start with, and b) using hebbian learning, which is very biol. plaus. rather than backprop or delta, which are rather non biological. George Houghton has discussed the biological evidence CQ.} } @InCollection{Houghton94, author = {George Houghton}, title = { Inhibitory control of neurodynamics: Opponent mechanisms in sequencing and selective attention}, booktitle = { Neurodynamics and Psychology}, publisher = {Academic Press}, year = 1994, editor = {M.Oaksford and G. D. A. Brown}, address = {London}, annote = { rec'd by glasspool, bio plaus on CQ. See more recent ref below.} } @ARTICLE{Wooldridge95, AUTHOR = {Michael Wooldridge and Nicholas R. Jennings}, TITLE = "Intelligent Agents: Theory and Practice", JOURNAL = "Knowledge Engineering Review", YEAR = {1995}, volume = {10}, NUMBER = {2}, pages = {115--152} } @ARTICLE{binding, AUTHOR = {von der Malsburg, Christoph}, TITLE = "Binding in models of perception and brain function", JOURNAL = "Current Opinion in Neurobiology", YEAR = {1995}, PAGES = {520--526}, volume = {5}, } @Proceedings{IJCAI97, title = "Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence", year = 1997, organization = {{IJCAI}}, address = "Nagoya", PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann}, month = "August" } @InProceedings{LoweIJCAI97, author = "Will Lowe", title = "Meaning and the mental lexicon", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence", year = 1997, address = "Nagoya", PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann}, month = "August" } @unpublished{Lowe96p, author = "William Lowe", school = "The Centre of Cognitive Science", institution = "The University of Edinburgh", note = "Personal communication", month = {May}, year = 1996, annote = {there's no such thing as people, only atoms. people just emerge from atoms.} } @InProceedings{Simon-IJCAI95, author = "Herbert A. Simon", title = "Explaining the Ineffable: {AI} on the Topics of Intuition, Insight and Inspiration", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence", year = 1995, address = "Montreal", PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann}, month = "August", annote = {lifetime achievement award (whatever that's called)} } @InProceedings{Kaelbling97, author = "Leslie Pack Kaelbling", title = "Why Robbie Can't Learn: The Difficulty of Learning in Autonomous Agents", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence", year = 1997, address = "Nagoya", PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann}, month = "August", note = "IJCAI Computers and Thought Award talk", annote = "bias stuff" } @InCollection{Tanji96, author = {Jun Tanji}, title = {Involvement of motor areas in the medial frontal cortex of primates in temporal sequencing of multiple movements}, booktitle = {Vision and Movement: Mechanisms in the Cerebral Cortex}, year = 1996, publisher = {Human Frontier Science Program}, editor = {R. Caminiti and {K-P} Hoffmann and F. Lacquaniti and J. Altman}, volume = 2, address = {Strasbourg}, pages = {126-133}, } @Article{Tanji94, author = {J. Tanji and K. Shima}, title = {Role for supplementary motor area cells in planning several movements ahead}, journal = {Nature}, year = 1994, volume = 371, pages = {413--416}, annote = {main citations from Tanji96 -- shows activation from the various types of sequence-controlling cells.} } @Book{perrettbook, author = {R. Caminiti and {K-P} Hoffmann and F. Lacquaniti and J. Altman}, title = {Vision and Movement: Mechanisms in the Cerebral Cortex}, publisher = {Human Frontier Science Program}, year = 1996, volume = 2, address = {Strasbourg} } @Article{Perrett92, author = {D. I. Perrett and J. K. Hietanen and M. W. Oram and P. J. Benson}, title = {Organisation and functions of cells responsive to faces in the temporal cortex}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London}, year = 1992, volume = 335, pages = {25--30} } @ARTICLE{Wilson94, AUTHOR = {Matthew Wilson and Bruce McNaughton}, TITLE = {Reactivation of Hippocampal Ensemble Memories During Sleep}, JOURNAL = SCI, YEAR = {1994}, VOLUME = {261}, PAGES = {1227--1232}, month = "29 July", } @InCollection{Neely91, author = {J. H. Neely}, title = {Semantic priming effects in visual word recognition: A selective review of current findings and theories}, booktitle = {Basic Processes in Reading: Visual Word Recognition}, publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, year = 1991, editor = {D. Besner and G. W. Humphreys}, chapter = 9, annote = {PSY}, } @ARTICLE{Baldwin96, author = {Peter Turney and Darrell Whitley and Russel Anderson}, TITLE = {Evolution, Learning, and Instinct: 100 Years of the {B}aldwin Effect}, JOURNAL = {Evolutionary Computation}, YEAR = {1996}, VOLUME = {4}, number = {3}, note = "special issue", } @BOOK{Carlson, Author = {Niel R. Carlson}, title = "Physiology of Behavior", PUBLISHER = {Allyn and Bacon}, ADDRESS = {Boston}, year = {2000}, annote = "actually, preferred the 1994 (5th) edition. This is the 7th one." } @BOOK{Gleitman, Author = {Henry Gleitman}, title = "Psychology", edition = {4}, PUBLISHER = {Norton}, year = {1995}, annote = "not a great text book (some errors) but good encyclopedic info including good reference list / bibliography. Appendix on stats in file cab." } @inproceedings{Cog96, author = "Matthew Marjanovic and Brian Scassellati and Matthew Williamson", title = "Self-Taught Visually-Guided Pointing for a Humanoid Robot", booktitle = {From Animals to Animats 4 (SAB96)}, year = 1996, editor = {Pattie Maes and Maja J. Matari\'{c} and Jean-Arcady Meyer and Jordan Pollack and Stewart W. Wilson }, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, location = {Cape Cod, MA}, } @inproceedings{Humphrys96, author = "Mark Humphrys", title = "Action Selection Methods Using Reinforcement Learning", booktitle = {From Animals to Animats 4 (SAB96)}, year = 1996, editor = {Pattie Maes and Maja J. Matari\'{c} and Jean-Arcady Meyer and Jordan Pollack and Stewart W. Wilson }, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, location = {Cape Cod, MA}, annote = {: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior} } @inproceedings{Horswill96, author = "Ian Horswill", title = "How far can behavior-based architectures go?", booktitle = {From Animals to Animats 4 (SAB96)}, year = 1996, editor = {Pattie Maes and Maja J. Matari\'{c} and Jean-Arcady Meyer and Jordan Pollack and Stewart W. Wilson }, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, location = {Cape Cod, MA}, annote = {tries to unify symbolic and behavior-based architectures by having diectic rep in behaviors (plus a control unit) should get mentioned in my localized learning stuff. "the role passing architecture"} } @book{SAB96, title = {From Animals to Animats 4: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior}, year = 1996, editor = {Pattie Maes and Maja J. Matari\'{c} and Jean-Arcady Meyer and Jordan Pollack and Stewart W. Wilson }, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, location = {Cape Cod, MA}, } @ARTICLE{Willshaw76, AUTHOR = {David J. Willshaw and von der Malsburg, Christoph}, TITLE = "How Patterned Neural Connections Can Be Set Up by Self-Organization", JOURNAL = "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B", YEAR = {1976}, volume = {194}, PAGES = {431--445} } @inproceedings{BansalATAL97, author = "Arvind K. Bansal and Kotagiri Ramohanarao and Anand Rao", title = "Distributed Storage of Replicated Beliefs to Facilitate Recovery of Distributed Intelligent Agents", booktitle = {Intelligent Agents {IV} (ATAL97)}, year = {1998}, pages = {77--92}, editor = { Munindar P. Singh and Anand S. Rao and Michael J. Wooldridge }, PUBLISHER = {Springer}, address = {Providence, {RI}}, annote = {The Fourth International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages } } @inproceedings{ParunakATAL97, author = "Van Parunak and John Sauter and Steve Clark", title = "Specification and Design of Industrial Synthetic Ecosystems", booktitle = {The Fourth International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages (ATAL97)}, year = {1998}, editor = { Munindar P. Singh }, pages = {45--59}, PUBLISHER = {Springer}, address = {Providence, {RI}}, annote = "cool Michigan paper about building multi-agent manufacturing simulations by a methodology including role-playing. 3rd author is now at RWI on my suggestion." } @inproceedings{SinghATAL97, author = "Munindar Singh", title = "A Customizable Coordination Service for Autonomous Agents", booktitle = {The Fourth International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages (ATAL97)}, pages = {93--106}, year = {1998}, editor = { Munindar P. Singh }, PUBLISHER = {Springer}, address = {Providence, {RI}}, } @inproceedings{LeeATAL97, author = "Jaeho Lee and Edmund Durfee", title = "On Explicit Plan Languages for Coordinating Multiagent Plan Execution", booktitle = {The Fourth International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages (ATAL97)}, year = {1998}, editor = { Munindar P. Singh }, PUBLISHER = {Springer}, pages = {113--126}, address = {Providence, {RI}}, annote = {PRS -> SCS (formal spec) ->GAP-> multiagent coord}, } @proceedings{ATAL97, title = {The Fourth International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages (ATAL97)}, year = {1998}, editor = { Munindar P. Singh }, PUBLISHER = {Springer}, address = {Providence, {RI}}, } @ARTICLE{Morris95, AUTHOR = {D. M. Bannerman and M. A. Good and S. P. Butcher and M. Ramsay and R. G. M. Morris}, TITLE = "Distinct components of spatial learning revealed by prior training and {NDMA} receptor blockade", JOURNAL = "Nature", YEAR = {1995}, volume = {378}, PAGES = {182--186}, annote = {the article about how hippocampal lesions don't block learning of the milk maze, they block learning to learn it. If they've already learned one before the surgery (chemical knockout actually), they can learn another after. -- JB Abstract: SYNAPTIC plasticity dependent on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors is thought to underlie certain types of learning and memory(1 3). In support of this, both hippocampal long-term potentiation and spatial learning in a watermaze are impaired by blocking NMDA receptors with a selective antagonist D(-)-2-amino-5- phosphonovaleric acid (AP5)(4) or by a mutation in one of the receptor subunits(5). Here we report, however, that the AP5-induced learning deficit can be almost completely prevented if rats are pretrained in a different watermaze before administration of the drug. This is not because of stimulus generalization, and occurs despite learning of the second task remaining hippocampus dependent. An APS-induced learning deficit is, however, still seen if the animals are pretrained using a non-spatial task. Thus, despite its procedural simplicity, the watermaze may involve multiple cognitive processes with distinct pharmacological properties; although required for some component of spatial learning, NMDA receptors may not be required for encoding the spatial representation of a specific environment. } } @ARTICLE{Teyler86, AUTHOR = {T. J. Teyler and P. Discenna}, TITLE = "The hippocampal memory indexing theory.", JOURNAL = "Behavioral Neuroscience", YEAR = {1986}, volume = {100}, PAGES = {147--154}, annote = {"as the title says... hippocampus stores pointers to cortex theory cited in McC95"}, } @ARTICLE{Moll97, AUTHOR = {Mark Moll and Risto Miikkulainen}, TITLE = "Convergence-Zone Episodic Memory: Analysis and Simulations", JOURNAL = "Neural Networks", YEAR = {1997}, volume = 10, pages = {1017--1036} } @ARTICLE{bbs-binding, AUTHOR = {W. A. Phillips and W. Singer}, TITLE = {In search of common cortical foundations}, JOURNAL = {Brain and Behavioral Sciences}, YEAR = {forthcoming FIXME} } @ARTICLE{ballard-bbs, AUTHOR = {Dana H. Ballard and Mary M. Hayhoe and Polly K. Pook and Rajesh P. N. Rao}, TITLE = {Deictic codes for the embodiment of cognition}, JOURNAL = {Brain and Behavioral Sciences}, volume = {20}, number = {4}, month ={december}, YEAR = {1997} } @ARTICLE{Albus97, AUTHOR = {J. S. Albus}, TITLE = {The {NIST} Real-time control system ({RCS}): an approach to intelligent systems research}, JOURNAL = {Journal of Experimental \& Theoretical Artificial Intelligence}, volume="9", number={2/3}, pages = {147--156}, year = {1997} } @ARTICLE{Horswill97, AUTHOR = {Ian D. Horswill}, TITLE = {Visual architecture and cognitive architecture}, JOURNAL = {Journal of Experimental \& Theoretical Artificial Intelligence}, volume="9", number={2/3}, pages = {277--293}, year = {1997} } @ARTICLE{Mataric97, AUTHOR = {Maja J. Matari\'{c}}, TITLE = {Behavior-Based Control: Examples from Navigation, Learning, and Group Behavior}, JOURNAL = {Journal of Experimental \& Theoretical Artificial Intelligence}, volume="9", number={2/3}, pages = {323--336}, year = {1997} } @Article{JETAI97, journal = {Journal of Experimental \& Theoretical Artificial Intelligence}, volume=9, number={2/3}, year = 1997, author = {Henry Hexmoor and Ian Horswill and David Kortenkamp}, title = {Special Issue: Software Architectures for Hardware Agents} } @ARTICLE{3T, AUTHOR = {R. P. Bonasso and R. J. Firby and E. Gat and D. Kortenkamp and D. P. Miller and M. G. Slack}, TITLE = {Experiences with an architecture for intelligent, reactive agents}, JOURNAL = {Journal of Experimental \& Theoretical Artificial Intelligence}, volume="9", number={2/3}, pages = {237--256}, year = {1997} } @phdthesis{Hexmoor95, title = "Representing and Learning Routine Activities", author = "Henry H. Hexmoor", school = "State University of New York at Buffalo", month = {December}, year = 1995, annote = {GLAIR thesis, largely about learning in 3LA both within and between layers} }. @article{Chapman87, title="Planning for conjunctive goals", author="David Chapman", journal=AIJ, volume=32, pages={333--378}, year=1987, annote={established some theoretical results which indicate that even such refined [planning] techniques will ultimately turn out to be unusable in any time-constrained system (Wooldridge95)} } @article{bdi, title="Plans and resource-bounded practical reasoning", author="M. E. Bratman and D. J. Israel and M. E. Pollack", journal={Computational Intelligence}, volume=4, pages={349--355}, year=1988, annote={the canonical BDI reference} } @InProceedings{prs, title = {Reactive reasoning and planning}, author = {M. P. Georgeff and A. L. Lansky}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-87)}, year = 1987, address = {Seattle, WA}, pages = {677-682}, annote={the canonical PRS reference} } @InProceedings{dMARS, author = {Mark {d'Inverno} and David Kinny and Michael Luck and Michael Wooldridge}, title = {A Formal Specification of {dMARS}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures and Languages}, editor = {Munindar P. Singh and Anand S. Rao and Michael J. Wooldridge}, year = 1997, pages = {155--176}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Providence, {RI}}, month = {July}, annote = {dMARS is "a fully fledged C++ implementation" of PRS} } @Article{Rosenschein95, author = {Stanley J. Rosenschein and Leslie Pack Kaelbling}, title = {A Situated View of Representation and Control}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, year = 1995, volume = 73 } @PhdThesis{Levison-PHD, author = {Libby Levison}, title = {Connecting Planning and Action via Object-Specific Reasoning}, note = {School of Engineering and Applied Science}, school = "University of Pennsylvania", year = 1996, month = {March}, annote = {translating verbal commands to humanoid animation, uses OO approach to reduce complexity. coins the word "situated planning" for what came after formal and reactive planning. , Computer and Information Science Department} } @PhdThesis{Blumberg-PHD, author = {Bruce Mitchell Blumberg}, title = {Old Tricks, New Dogs: Ethology and Interactive Creatures}, school = {{MIT} }, note = {Media Laboratory, Learning and Common Sense Section}, year = 1996, month = {September} } @InCollection{Cooper95, author = {Richard Cooper and Tim Shallice and Jonathon Farringdon}, title = {Symbolic and continuous processes in the automatic selection of actions}, booktitle = {Hybrid Problems, Hybrid Solutions, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications}, publisher = {IOS Press}, year = 1995, editor = {John Hallam}, address = {Amsterdam}, pages = {27--37}, annote = {implement norman and shallice (Norman86), apply it to making tea} } @InCollection{Norman86, author = {Donald. A. Norman and Tim Shallice}, title = {Attention to Action: Willed and Automatic Control of Behavior}, booktitle = {Consciousness and Self Regulation: Advances in Research and Theory}, publisher = {Plenum}, year = 1986, editor = {R.Davidson and G. Schwartz and D. Shapiro}, volume = 4, address = {New York}, pages = {1--18}, annote = {cog arch that looks like Edmund, sort of} } @TechReport{Rhodes95, author = {Bradley Rhodes}, title = {Pronemes in Behavior Nets}, institution = {{MIT}}, year = 1995, note = { Media Lab, Learning and Common Sense}, number = {95-01}, annote = {improving pattie's stuff with pronemes (deictic / "indexical function aspects") tool-use example} } @MastersThesis{Rhodes96, author = {Bradley Rhodes}, title = {{PHISH}-Nets: Planning Heuristically in Situated Hybrid Networks}, school = {{MIT}}, year = 1996, note = { Media Lab, Learning and Common Sense}, annote = {implemented in Blumberg's stuff, big bad wolf} } @BOOK{Dreyfus92, AUTHOR = {Hubert L. Dreyfus}, TITLE = {What Computers Still Can't Do}, PUBLISHER = mitpress, YEAR = {1992}, ADDRESS = mitpress_address, } @Article{FREDDY, author = {A.P. Ambler and H.G. Barrow and C.M. Brown and R.M. Burstall and R. J. Popplestone}, title = {A versatile system for computer controlled assembly}, journal = AIJ, year = 1975, volume = 6, number = 2, pages = {215--218}, annote = {Michie's reference to FREDDY in his Lighthill history email.} } @Article{Myra96, author = {Myra S. Wilson}, title = {Reliability and Flexibility --- A Mutually Exclusive Proble m for Robotic Assembly?}, journal = TRA, year = 1996, volume = 12, number = 2, annote = {Her thesis work on learning behaviors to support SOMAS, very Edinburgh delivery.} } @PhdThesis{Gat-PHD, author = {Erann Gat}, title = {Reliable Goal-Directed Reactive Control of Autonomous Mobile Robots}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University}, year = 1991, annote = {ATLANTIS -- work done at MIT and Cal Tech} } @InProceedings{Gat92, author = {Erann Gat}, title = {Integrating Planning and Reaction in a Heterogeneous Asynchronous Architecture for Controlling Mobile Robots}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI92)}, year = 1992, annote = {Cognizant Failure (see mail/contacts)} } @PhdThesis{Harvey-PHD, author = {Inman Harvey}, title = {The Artificial Evolution of Adaptive Behaviour}, school = {The University of Sussex}, year = 1995, annote = {Submitted in 1993, revised 1995. Species Adaptation GA}, } @Article{Floreano95, author = {Francesco Mondada and Dario Floreano}, title = {Evolution of neural control structures: Some experiments on mobile robots}, journal = {Robotics and Autonomous Systems}, year = 1995, volume = 16, pages = {183-195}, annote = {talk at SAB and Edinburgh -- good Baldwin type learning} } @Book{Kaelbling-PHD, author = {Leslie Pack Kaelbling}, title = {Learning in Embedded Systems}, publisher = mitpress, year = 1993, address = mitpress_address, note = {Book form of 1990 Stanford University Thesis}, annote = {her reinforcement learning stuff} } @TechReport{Horn76, author = {Berthald K. P. Horn and Patrick H. Winston}, title = {A Laboratory Environment for Applications Oriented Vision and Manipulation}, institution = {{MIT} {AI} Laboratory}, year = 1976, number = {365}, annote = {copy demo (I think) AIM-365, 171 pages} } @InProceedings{Sundar94, author = {Venkataraman Sundareswaran and Lucia. M. Vaina}, title = {Learning direction in global motion: two classes of psychophysically-motivated models}, booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS)-94}, year = 1994, month = {November}, annote = {learns to notice a percentage of coherent motion in the periphery with no error signal} } @Book{Calvin96, author = {William H. Calvin}, title = {The Cerebral Code}, publisher = mitpress, year = 1996, annote = {thinking works like evolving (when you work hard at it)} } @PhdThesis{Henson-PHD, author = {Richard N. A. Henson}, title = {Short-term Memory for Serial Order}, note = {St. John's College}, year = 1996, school = {University of Cambridge}, month = {November}, annote = {Start-End Model (SEM), sequences, met at NCPW4} } @Book{Hubel88, author = {D. H. Hubel}, title = {Eye, Brain and Vision}, publisher = {Freeman}, year = 1988, annote = {PSY NEUR} } @Book{Lorenz73, author = {Konrad Lorenz}, title = {Foundations of Ethology}, publisher = {Springer}, year = 1973, address = {New York}, annote = {among other things, has the digger wasp example. Should prob. be subsumed by lorenz81 (presumably second edition).} } @Book{HJ96, author = {Horst Hendriks-Jansen}, title = {Catching Ourselves in the Act: Situated Activity, Interactive Emergence, Evolution, and Human Thought }, publisher = mitpress, year = 1996, address = mitpress_address, annote = " horseshoe crab eye story pp 81-85 (Barlow's work). \begin{quote} [In hybrid systems] Environmental contingencies play a part at the choice points and in the form of orienting feedback, but the part they play can be explained only in terms of the entities manipulated by the program, which of course takes the form of a temporal sequence of formally defined instructions. Nearly forty years of experience in {\sc ai} have shown that such a control mechanism soon gets into trouble in the real world because of its lack of flexibility, the need to plan for all possible contingencies, the combinatorial explosion, the frame problem, and the problems of interfacing a formally defined planner, working with an internal representation of the world conceptualised as a task domain of objects, properties, and events, to effectors and receptors that need to deal with a noisy real world that clearly is not preregistered into objects, properties, and events. \citep[page 245.]{HJ96} \end{quote} " } @Article{Poppel94, author = {E. P\"{o}ppel}, title = {Temporal mechanisms in perception}, journal = {International Review of Neurobiology}, year = 1994, volume = 37, pages = {185-202}, annote = {2 second frames vs. longer episodic} } @PhdThesis{Tyrrell-PHD, author = {Toby Tyrrell}, title = {Computational Mechanisms for Action Selection}, school = {University of Edinburgh}, note = {Centre for Cognitive Science}, year = 1993 } @InProceedings{Nehmzow93, author = {Ulrich Nehmzow and Brendan O. Mc{G}onigle}, title = {Robot Navigation by Light}, booktitle = {European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL93)}, year = 1993, annote = {have a draft "compass-based robot navigation" -- ulrich no longer cites anything he did with brendan on his web page, has a german publication of this work instead!} } @InProceedings{Nehmzow92, author = {Ulrich Nehmzow and Tim Smithers and Brendan O. Mc{G}onigle}, title = {Increasing Behavioural Repertoire in a Mobile Robot}, booktitle = { From Animals to Animats 2 (SAB92)}, year = 1993, publisher = {{MIT} Press}, pages = {291--297} } @InProceedings{Nehmzow94, author = {Ulrich Nehmzow and Brendan O. Mc{G}onigle}, title = {Achieving Rapid Adaptations in Robots by Means of External Tuition}, booktitle = {From Animals to Animats 3 (SAB94)}, year = 1994, publisher = mitpress } @Article{serial94, author = {H. S. Terrace and Brendan O. Mc{G}onigle}, title = {Memory and representation of serial order by children, monkeys and pigeons}, journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science}, year = 1994, volume = 3, number = 6, pages = {180--185}, annote = {extends lashley's crit. of chained behaviors: that model too strong to explain pigeons' errors and not strong enough to explain monkeys' learning. Says that intermediate level btw instinctive sequences and language is poorly accounted for, that there are actually several mechanisms for this available in animals, as shown in distinct seq. learn. ability of pigeons and monkeys. Article seems ignorant of Henson-PHD type models of sequence learning.} } @InCollection{OptCogSelf, author = {Brendan O. Mc{G}onigle and Margaret Chalmers}, title = {Rationality as Optimised Cognitive Self-Regulation}, booktitle = {Rational Models of Cognition}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, year = {1998}, editor = {M. Oaksford and N. Chater}, annote = {good review of lab's animal work. thesis that animals learn towards ``optimal'' behavior} } @Article{monkeys, author = {Brendan O. Mc{G}onigle and Margaret Chalmers}, title = {Are Monkeys Logical?}, journal = {Nature}, year = 1977, volume = 267, month = {23~June}, pages = {694--696} } @Article{children, author = {Margaret Chalmers and Brendan O. Mc{G}onigle}, title = {Are children any more logical than monkeys on the five term series problem?}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Child Psychology}, year = 1984, volume = 37, pages = {355--377} } @Article{Meyer-nav, author = {O. Trullier and S. Wiener and A. Berthoz and J. A. Meyer}, title = {Biologically-based artificial navigation systems: Review and prospects.}, journal = {Progress in Neurobiology}, volume = 51, pages = {483--544}, year = {1997} } @Article{RS, author = {Damion M. Lyons}, title = {Representing and Analyzing Action Plans as Networks of Concurrent Processes}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation}, year = 1993, volume = 9, number = 3, month = {June}, annote = {robot schemes --- script language for describing what robots can do} } @InProceedings{Rosenblatt89, author = {K. Rosenblatt and D. Payton}, title = {A fine-grained alternative to the subsumption architecture for mobile robot control}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IEEE/INNS} International Joint Conference on Neural Networks}, year = 1989, annote = {What Tyrrell extended} } @Book{CompPsych, author = {Nicky Hayes}, title = {Principles of Comparative Psychology}, publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, year = 1994, annote = {nice primate language section!} } @Article{Milner68, author = {B. Milner and S. Corkin and H. L. Teuber}, title = {Further analysis of the hippocampal syndrome: 14-year followup study of H. M.}, journal = {Neuropsychologia}, year = 1968, volume = 6, pages = {215--234}, annote = {has the mirror drawing stuff -- procedural HM(read this!)} } @Article{Savage-Rumbaugh89, author = {S. Savage-Rumbaugh and K. McDonald and R. S. Sevcik and W. D. Hopkins and E. Rubert}, title = {Spontaneous Symbol Acquisition and Communicative Use by Pygmy Chimpanzees (Pan paniscus)}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: General}, year = 1989, volume = 115, number = 3, pages = {211--233} } @Article{Harlow58, author = {H. F. Harlow}, title = {The Nature of Love}, journal = {American Psychologist}, year = 1958, annote = {the article about terry cloth vs. metal rhesus monkey mothers} } @InProceedings{robocup, author = {Hiroaki Kitano and Minoru Asada and Yasuo Kuniyoshi and Itsuki Noda and Eiichi Osawa}, title = {Robo{C}up: The Robot World Cup Initiative}, booktitle = {Proceedings of The First International Conference on Autonomous Agents}, year = 1997, publisher = {The ACM Press} } @ARTICLE{robocup98, author = {Hiroaki Kitano}, TITLE = {Special Issue: RoboCup}, JOURNAL = {Applied Artificial Intelligence}, YEAR = {1998}, VOLUME = {12}, number = {2--3} } @Article{pipestat, author = {G. Perlman and F. L. Horan}, title = {Report on {$|$STAT} Release 5.1 Data Analysis Programs for {UNIX} and {MSDOS}}, journal = {Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, \& Computers}, year = 1986, volume = 18, number = 2, pages = {168--176}, } @Book{Devore91, author = {J. L. Devore}, title = {Probability and Statistics for the Engineering Sciences }, publisher = {Brooks/Cole Publishing}, year = 1991, address = { Pacific Grove CA} } @Book{psychstat, author = {Hugh Coolican}, title = {Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology}, publisher = {Hodder \& Stoughton}, year = 1994, edition = {second} } @TechReport{Fontan96, author = {Miguel Schneider Fontan and Maja J. Matari\'{c}}, title = {The Role of Critical Mass in Multi-Robot Adaptive Task Division}, institution = {Brandeis University Computer Science}, year = 1996, number = {CS-95-187}, month = {October}, note = {submitted to IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation} } @Book{Premack83, author = {David Premack and Ann James Premack}, title = {The Mind of an Ape}, PUBLISHER = {W.W. Norton and Company}, year = 1983, annote = {sarah, language} } @Article{Adams84, author = {Jack A. Adams}, title = {Learning of Movement Sequences}, journal = {Psychological Bulletin}, year = 1984, volume = 96, number = 1, pages = {3--28}, annote = {Vikram's article -- among other things, behaviorists proved reinforcement learning RL (response chaining) can't work} } @Book{Hinde82, author = {R. A Hinde}, title = {Ethology}, publisher = {Fontana Press}, year = 1982 } @Book{Hinde70, author = {R. A Hinde}, title = {Animal behaviour : a synthesis of ethology and comparative psychology}, publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, year = 1970 } @Article{Collett92, author = {T. S. Collett}, title = {Landmark learning and guidance in insects}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B}, year = 1992, volume = 337, pages = {295--303} } @Article{Jakobi97, author = {N. Jakobi}, title = {Evolutionary robotics and the radical envelope of noise hypothesis}, journal = {Journal Of Adaptive Behaviour}, year = {1997}, volume = 6, number = 2, pages = {325--368}, annote = {NET ROBOTS} } @Book{rethinking, author = {Jeffrey L. Elman and Elizabeth A. Bates and Mark H. Johnson and Annette Karmiloff-Smith and Domenico Parisi and Kim Plunkett}, title = {Rethinking Innateness. A Connectionist Perspective on Development}, publisher = {MIT Press}, year = {1996}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, } @Article{Levy96, author = {William B. Levy}, title = {A sequence predicting {CA3} is a flexible associator that learns and uses context to solve hippocampal-like tasks}, journal = {Hippocampus}, year = 1996, volume = 6, number = 6, pages = {579--590}, annote = {bio-sparse/ish/ 10% connect recurrent assoc. article says net does the following, and cites the publications for each: - spontaneous rebroadcast: randomly generate patterns & settle for training cortex, - one-trial learning: of short sequences, - simple-sequence completion, - jump-ahead recall: skip ahead in sequence, possibly to goal, from current place, - finds short cuts: er- drops information in loops! similar to above, see below - subsequence disambiguation: context sensitive! kind of the opposite of the prev. - goal finding without search: assume goal was imagined the first time through, and that it can be imagined again when desired -- that + context is enough to recall goal. over-rides the short cut mechanism. - piecing together subsequences: do crossover on the subsequence disambig. data if context is on one string and goal is in another, - transverse patterning: 3 stimuli have meaning only in pairs. rats can learn this, only w/ hippocampus. select one of a pair. - transitivity -- special case of the above, their stuff learns it faster than the above. wbl@Virginia.EDU, wbl@galen.med.virginia.edu }, } @Article{Rolls96, author = {Edmund T. Rolls}, title = {A Theory of Hippocampal Function in Memory}, journal = {Hippocampus}, year = 1996, volume = 6, number = 6, pages = {601--620}, annote = {All his theories about how many memories can be stored (36K in rats, 60K in primates), how quickly they form (1 a minute on average over 5 weeks, judging by capacity, though up to 1 a second judging by how long LTP takes), primate place cell equivs (tying together context where they are looking rather than where they are). What the different sections are doing --- encoding, making the CA3 reps sparser, CA1 is possibly allowing for more robust reps or more grouping together seperate recollections from CA3 (more synapses, so can do more). CA3 seems to use binary rep, where CA1 doesn't necessarily. Episodic memory stored in hippocampus and migrates to neocortex.} } @Article{Treves94, author = {Alessandro Treves and Edmund T. Rolls}, title = {A computational analysis of the role of the hippocampus in memory}, journal = {Hippocampus}, year = 1994, volume = 4, pages = {374--391}, annote = {Early (ish, Marr did some in 71!) storage on way to neocortex paper.} } @Article{Schmajuk96, author = {Catalin V. Buhusi and Nestor A Schmajuk}, title = {Attention, Configuration and Hippocampal Function}, journal = {Hippocampus}, year = 1996, volume = 6, number = 6, pages = {621--642}, annote = {Model of classical conditioning effects: latent inhibition and occassion setting. Huge publication background and model, involves half the brain. Lots of impressive 90's publications behind it. Implicate nucleus accumbens as novelty detector / butt warming, based on data from Yang and Mogenson on activation spreading and Rolls and Williams on single cell recording. Full working computation system, some (excusable/replaceable) backprop.} } @Article{Wiering97, author = {Marco Wiering and Juergen Schmidhuber}, title = {{HQ}-Learning}, journal = {Adaptive Behavior}, year = 1997, volume = 6, number = 2, annote = {hierarchical q learning -- using different agents to learn the different sections of a task in an attempt to get around the hidden state problem. Works in a 922 state world in 10,000 runs (needing 1K steps per run to learn.) But deals with the perceptual state problem by adding state (sort of like my control state argument) and has a pretty good review of people trying to learn complex things & hierarchies.} } @Book{Lashley60, title = {The Neuropsychology of Lashley}, publisher = {Mc{G}raw-Hill Book Company}, year = 1960, editor = {F. A. Beach and D. O. Hebb and C. T. Morgan and H. W. Nissen} } @InCollection{Lashley51, author = {K. S. Lashley}, title = {The Problem of Serial Order in Behavior}, booktitle = {Cerebral mechanisms in behavior}, publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons}, address = {New York}, year = 1951, editor = {L. A. Jeffress}, annote = {big ref for sequences being treated as objects, rather than chains. Also reiterates the lack of engram -- everything's spread out in the brain, there's waves of activation interacting with each other, etc. note = {reprinted in \cite{Lashley60}}, \begin{quote} My principle thesis today will be that input is never into a quiescent or static system, but always into a system which is already actively excited and organized. In the intact organism, behavior is the result of interaction of this background of excitation with input from any designated stimulus. Only when we can state the general characterstics of this background of excitation can we understand the effects of given input. [p. 506 of Lashley60] ... I have devoted so much time to discussion of the problem of syntax, not only becuase language is one of the most important products of human cerebral action, but also because the problems raised by the organization of language seem to me to be characteristic of almost all other cereberal activity. There is a series of hierarchies of organization; the order of vocal movements in pronouncing the word, the order of the words in the sentence, the order of sentences in the paragraph, the rational order of paragraphs in a discourse. Not only speech, but all skilled acts seem to involve the same problems of serial ordering, even down to the temporal coordination of muscular contractions in such a movement as reaching and grasping. Analysis of the nervous mechanisms underlying order in more primitive acts may contribute ultimately to the solution even of the physiology of logic. [p. 515 of Lashley60] \end{quote} } } @InCollection{Lashley50, author = {K. S. Lashley}, title = {In search of the engram}, booktitle = {Physiological Mechanisms in Animal Behavior}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, year = 1950, number = 4, series = {Society of Experimental Biology Symposium}, note = {reprinted in \cite{Lashley60}}, annote = {where he comes out for distributed memory, summary of his research into learning and where it is stored. also, on full integration of brain: \begin{quote} The position and direction of motion in the visual field, for example, continuously modify the spinal postural adjustments, but, a fact which is more frequently overlooked, the postural adjustments also determine the orientation of the visual field, so that upright objects continue to appear upright, in spite of changes in the inclination of the head.\citep[pp. 501--2 of]{Lashley60} \end{quote} Can cut whole motor cortex out of monkey who's learned intricate latch mechanisms on boxes. Animal paralyzed for 8-12 weeks, but on recovery (without seeing boxes while recovering) can do skill fine. Lashley concludes moter cortex has nothing to do with voluntary control (think's its postural) and doesn't store anything. More likely [this is me] motor cortex grows back somewhere, and is sufficiently constrained by rest of informed brain to grow back the knowledge (as Lashley indicates in the rest of the article.) "My own interpretation, to which few neurologists would subscribe, is that it [the moter cortex] has no direct concern with voluntary movement, but is a part of the vast reflex postural system which includes the basal nuclei, cerebellar and vestiular systems."\cite[pp. 482]{Lashley60} } } @Article{Lashley49, author = {K. S. Lashley}, title = {Persistent problems in the evolution of mind}, journal = {Quarterly Review of Biology}, year = 1949, volume = 24, pages = {28--42}, note = {reprinted in \cite{Lashley60}}, annote = { describes going ten years not believing dogs could see "in spite of common experience to the contrary" because experiments showed no ability to distinguish things -- then he stumbled on a method for rats that showed they could. says difference between us and tern (who behaves inconsistantly and takes a long time to reconcile (to us)) is just scale, we can handle / believe more things at once. (kind of like Roll's hippocampus stuff.) } } @Article{Lashley15, author = {K. S. Lashley}, title = {Notes on the nesting activities of the noddy and sooty terns}, journal = {Carnegie Insitution Publications}, year = 1915, volume = 7, number = 211, note = {reprinted in \cite{Lashley60}}, annote = {nice stuff on gulls getting confused --- by moving their nests around, he finds out what cues they use for landing, and what they can learn from searching. social cues can make finding a moved nest harder. Even recently learned motor patterns (like hopping up 2 feet to a moved nest) will be retried several times before visual search (which shows the nest is now at 5 feet!) for final approach, since visual cues are normally used only for finding a landing site. Oscillating attacking and defending chicks is described --- you attack a strange chick, you defend a chick that's being attacked, once you're fighting you just fight.} } @Book{cogpsych, author = {Michael W. Eysenck and Mark T. Keane}, title = {Cognitive Psychology}, publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, year = 1990, annote = {stuff about representation, etc. Says norman & shallice's model is unique and useful in considering automated behavior seperately from deliberate.} } @TechReport{Hanks93, author = {Steve Hanks and Martha E. Pollack and Paul R. Cohen}, title = {Benchmarks, testbeds, controlled experimentation and the design of agent architectures}, institution = {Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington}, year = 1993, number = {93--06--05}, annote = {talks about tile world and truck world, and that it's not real science to target benchmark problems, you want to apply them to general tasks.} } @PhdThesis{Balkenius-PHD, author = {Christian Balkenius}, title = {Natural Intelligence in Artificial Creatures}, school = {Lund University Cognitive Studies}, year = 1995, annote = { From the abstract... \begin{quote} The thesis presents a study of this problem within the field of behavior-based systems and artificial neural networks. The thesis brings together ideas from behavior-based robotics, control theory and machine learning and combines them with models from ethology, psychology and neurobiology in an attempt to synthesize a complete, artificial nervous system for a simulated artificial creature. It is argued that an intelligent system cannot be based on a single general principle, but requires a large set of interacting systems. The main goal of the thesis is to identify these functional subsystems and to develop computational miniature models of them that can be combined into a complete system. It is shown how goal-directed behavior can be categorized as appetitive, aversive, exploratory or neutral. This classification is a step away from a single hedonic dimension, and gives a richer framework for understanding reactive behavior. A number of learning mechanisms are developed that take this new framework into account, and it is shown how these mechanisms can account for a large range of classical and instrumental conditioning experiments, as well as more cognitive processes such as category learning, exploratory behavior and cognitive mapping. The role of expectations in learning is emphasized to map out the way for more cognitive abilities such as planning and problem solving. It is also shown how categorical, procedural and expectancy learning can all be based on different types of matching between the actual and the expected sensory state. The central role of motivation and emotion within a cognitive theory is discussed, and it is shown that a central motivational system is necessary to coordinate behavior. \end{quote} Thesis looks like a lot of reading and thinking, but no actual working model of anything. However, as an abstract model, it's fairly complete -- stuff about nearly everything. No clear contribution though } } @InProceedings{Leon97, author = {V. J. Leon and D. Kortenkamp and D. Schreckenghost}, title = {A Planning, Scheduling and Control Architecture for Advanced Life Support Systems}, booktitle = {{NASA} Workshop on Planning and Scheduling for Space}, year = 1997, address = {Oxnard, {CA}}, month = {October}, annote = {3T, scheduling, mixed-initiative interaction, and crops for space} } @Booklet{Laird-webprop, title = {Plan Execution Architecture Evaluation}, author = {John E. Laird}, howpublished = {proposal on the world wide web}, address = {http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/laird/nsf.html}, year = 1997, annote = {describes why planning (including reactive) is hard, the need for there to be an evaluation of architectures, the fact such evaluation should be in diversity... \begin{quote} The goal of this project is not to find the one best architecture. Architectures have different strengths depending on the available knowledge, the tasks they are to perform, and the environments of those tasks. We wish to learn about the "profiles" of architectures across the dimensions of knowledge, tasks, and environment. \end{quote} good def of plan and arch. Gives a "premature" selection of architectures... \begin{quote} Although it is premature to pick the set of architectures we will definitely evaluate, it is possible to identify a set of potential architectures. These architectures are all being used to develop systems, many of them having been used extensively already. The systems, in alphabetic order, are: 3T, CIRCA, ESL, ICARUS, RAPS, RCS, Soar, UM-PRS, XFRM. \end{quote} notes the prob of eval requiring testbed. notes behavior is at least in theory possible on all (many are turing equiv) but development may be very diff... \begin{quote} Thus, there are really two classes of capabilities to evaluate: those relating to performance, and those relating to development. \end{quote} archs seldom tested in same env; identical envs look dif with dif robots; same arch looks diff with diff plans/knowledge (and dif archs use dif reps so hard to say if have same knowledge). problems he can solve: var in programming skills, showing of eval metrics, extent of optimization, levels of interface (are you writing half the stuff in C (like me)), too different to evaluate together (can still classify). } } @Article{Greenough87, author = {William T. Greenough and James E. Black and Christopher S. Wallace}, title = {Experience and Brain Development}, journal = {Child Development}, year = {1987}, volume = {58}, pages = {539--559}, annote = {reprinted, with postscript, in \cite{johnson:brain} Article Gert presented at Cog Sci -- has lots of stuff about rats learning more in social situations etc. [GET FROM NOTES] constructivist and selectionist. } } @Book{johnson:brain, author = {}, title = {Brain Development and Cognition: {A} Reader}, publisher = {Blackwell}, year = {1993}, OPTeditor = {Mark H. Johnson}, address = {Oxford UK \& Cambridge USA}, } @Article{Houghton95, author = {George Houghton and Tom Hartley}, title = {Parallel Models of Serial Behavior: Lashley Revisited}, journal = {{PSYCHE}}, year = 1995, volume = 2, number = 25, month = {February}, annote = {(on line journal) http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v2/psyche-2-25-houghton.html Supports Lashley with Competitive Queueing (CQ) see Glaspool, Shallice. reviews lots of problems sorting out sequential errors, why chaining doesn't work, etc. Mechanism for sequences to be called in parallel then "sorted out" by inhibition.} } @InCollection{Cosmides92, author = {Leda Cosmides and John Tooby}, title = {Cognitive Adaptations for Social Exchange}, booktitle = {The Adapted Mind}, publisher = {Oxford University press}, year = 1992, editor = {Jerome H. Barkow and Leda Cosmides and John Tooby}, pages = {163--228}, annote = {Carlo Maley's reference on how intelligence may have developed specifically for social stuff since we can solve harder problems if they are in social domains than if they aren't.} } @InCollection{Cosmides94, author = {Leda Cosmides and John Tooby}, title = {Origins of domain specificity: the evolution of functional organization}, booktitle = {Mapping the Mind: Domain Specificity in Cognition and Culture}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, year = 1994, editor = {L. A. Hirschfeld and S. A. Gelman}, annote = {read this -- ref'd in Mithen96} } @Book{Mithen96, author = {Steven Mithen}, title = {The Prehistory of Mind}, publisher = {Phoenix}, address = {London}, year = 1996, annote = {Archeologist who likes modular theories of mind} } @TechReport{RRao96, author = {Rajesh P. N. Rao and Dana H. Ballard}, title = {The Visual Cortex as a Hierarchical Predictor}, institution = {University of Rochester}, year = 1996, month = {September}, number = {96.4}, note = {National Resource Laboratory for the Study of Brain and Behavior, Computer Science Department}, annote = {top down and bottom up, kalman filter, will's theory of cortex. See journal version below.} } @Article{RRao97, author = {Rajesh P. N. Rao and Dana H. Ballard}, title = {Dynamic Model of Visual Recognition Predicts Neural Response Properties in the Visual Cortex}, journal = {Neural Computation}, year = 1997, volume = 9, number = 4, pages = {721--763} } @Article{RRao99, author = {Rajesh P. N. Rao}, title = {An Optimal Estimation Approach to Visual Perception and Learning}, journal = {Vision Research}, year = 1999, volume = 39, number = 11, pages = {1963--1989} } @Article{Hammond90, author = {Kristian J. Hammond}, title = {Case-Based Planning: A Framework for Planning from Experience}, journal = {The Journal of Cognitive Science}, year = 1990, volume = 14, number = 3, month = {September}, annote = {From his web page: At its core, however, all of my work is derived from a single idea: Reasoning is Remembering. } } @InCollection{Barlow94, author = {Horrace Barlow}, title = {What is computational goal of the neocortex?}, booktitle = {Large-Scale Neuronal Theories Of The Brain}, publisher = mitpress, year = 1994, editor = {C. Koch and J. L. Davis}, pages = {1--22}, annote = {you need top down stuff to understand perception...} } @Article{Barlow89, author = {Horrace Barlow}, title = {Unsupervised Learning}, journal = {Neural Computation}, year = 1989, volume = 1, pages = {295--311}, annote = {should read this} } @InCollection{MacKay56, author = {David M. MacKay}, title = {The epistemological problem for automata}, booktitle = {Automata Studies}, publisher = {Princeton University Press}, year = 1956, pages = {235--251}, annote = { "David MacKay (relation and Bayesian network guy from Cambridge) thinks that the brain needs all those recurrent connections _back_ to the eyes to implement a generative model = top-down influence on vision (see also Hinton & Ghahramani 97 [next entry] "we take seriously the idea that vision is inverse graphics")." -- Will Lowe } } @Article{Skinner35, author = {B. F. Skinner}, title = {The generic nature of the concepts of stimulus and response.}, journal = {Journal of General Psychology}, year = 1935, volume = 12, pages = {40--65}, annote = {Where Skinner explains we must reduce psychological analysis to the act because that's the only thing we can reliably measure (according to \cite{Adams84})} } @TechReport{Nehmzow-97TR, author = {U. Nehmzow and M. Recce and D. Bisset}, title = {Towards Intelligent Mobile Robots - Scientific Methods in Mobile Robotics}, institution = {University of Manchester Computer Science}, year = 1997, number = {UMCS-97-9-1}, note = {Edited collection of papers, see also related special issue of {\em Journal of Robotics and Autonomous Systems}, in preparation.} } @Book{Sipser97, author = {Michael Sipser}, title = {Introduction to the Theory of Computation}, publisher = {{PWS}}, year = 1997 } @Article{faces, author = {R. Brunelli and T. Poggio}, title = {Face recognition: Features versus templates}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence}, year = 1993, volume = 15, number = 10, month = {October}, pages = {1042--1052} } @INPROCEEDINGS{Dailey97, AUTHOR = {Matthew N. Dailey and Garrison W. Cottrell}, TITLE = {Task and spatial frequency effects on face specialization}, BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10}, YEAR = {1997}, PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, } @Article{Tversky81, author = {A. Tversky and D. Kahneman}, title = {The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice}, journal = {Science}, year = 1981, volume = 211, pages = {453--58}, annote = {"irrational" reversal of decisions depending on how problems are framed -- ex. do you take a solution that saves 200 of 600 people, or do you take one where 1/3 chance save all or 2/3 save none, chose one. phrase as 400 people die, or 0 or 600 die, people chose two.} } @Book{Bacharach91, title = {Foundations of decision theory: issues and advances}, publisher = {Oxford University press}, year = 1991, editor = {Michael Bacharach and Susan Hurley}, note = {see particularly chapters by Levy and Pettit}, annote = {*Decision Theory and Folk Psychology -- Philip Pettit talks about how people obviously make choices because they just like things, not only for consequence. *The Structure of Good: Decision Theory and Ethics -- John Broome -- more reasons people don't follow utility *Consequentialism and Sequential Choice -- Isaac Levy -- you can't reduce sequential decisions to simply looking at the ultimate consequence (he has a more subtle point than this, read again!) Actually, read it all thoroughly, very agent/belief stuff. } } @Book{Bruner90, author = {J. S. Bruner}, title = {Acts of Meaning}, publisher = {Harvard University Press}, year = 1990, address = {Cambridge, {MA}}, annote = { cited in HJ96 -- what Bruner has called ``the contextual revolution of psychology, sociology and the philosophy of mind'' (\citealt{Bruner90} cited in \citealt{HJ96})} } @Misc{Keverne96, author = {Dr. Barry Keverne}, title = {Olfactory learning and memory}, howpublished = {talk at the Department of Pharmacology, Edinburgh University}, year = 1996, month = {December}, annote = {Really interesting talk -- amygdala *not* the source of learning for some smells. get this guy's papers!} } -- stuff from Bridget Hallam... @inproceedings{SuttonB87, author = "R.~S.~Sutton and A.~G.~Barto", title = "A temporal-difference model of classical conditioning.", booktitle = "Proceedings of the ninth annual conference of the cognitive science society", publisher = "Lawrence Erlbaum", address = "Hillsdale, {NJ}", year = 1987} @article{MillerBG95, author= "R.~R.~Miller and R.~C.~Barnet and N.~J.~Grahame", title = "Assessment of the Rescorla--Wagner model", journal = "Psychological Bulletin", volume = 117, pages = "363--386", year = 1995, annote = {Interesting papers I've found recently include a large assessment of the Rescorla-Wagner model: [B. Hallam]} } @article{Grossberg80, author = "S.~Grossberg", title = "How does a Brain Build a Cognitive Code?", journal = "Psychological Review", volume = 87, note = "Reprinted as chapter 1 of S.~Grossberg (ed) 1982 {\it Studies of Mind and Brain: Neural Principles of Learning, Perception, Development, Cognition, and Motor Control} Reidel Press; also as chapter 24 of Anderson and Rosenfeld (ed) 1989 {\it Neurocomputing: Foundations of Research} {MIT} Press", pages = "1 -- 51", year = 1980, annote = {a paper by Grossberg written in clear English (instead of concise maths): [B. Hallam]} } @inproceedings{Blair94, author = "H.~T.~Blair", title = "Evaluating Connectionist Models in Psychology and Neuroscience", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1993 Connectionist Models Summer School", editor = "M.~Mozer and P.~Smolensky and D.~Touretzky and J.~Elman and A.~Weigend", publisher = "Lawrence Erlbaum Ass.", address = "Hillsdale, NJ", year = 1994, annote = {and an interesting paper about how to evaluate connectionist models if you are a brain scientist (and why it is useful to do them anyway): [B. Hallam] actually fluff, but conclusion says something quotable about why you ought to build models instead of doing box and arrow diagrams. }} @article{WassermanM97, author = "E.~A.~Wasserman and R.~R.~Miller", title = "What's elementary about associative learning?", journal = "Annual review of Psychology", volume = 48, pages = "573--607", year = 1997, annote = { I've also found a basic review of conditioning giving examples which refute most of the `common knowledge': [B. Hallam]} } @Book{Plomin97, author = {Robert Plomin}, title = {Behavioral Genetics}, publisher = {W. H. Freeman}, year = 1997, edition = {3}, annote = {read this!} } @Book{Plomin94, author = {Robert Plomin}, title = {Genetics and experience: the interplay between nature and nurture}, publisher = {Sage}, year = 1994, volume = 6, series = {Individual Differences and Development}, address = {Thousand Oaks, CA}, annote = { He argues that genetics influences our behavioural tendencies and therefore nature influences nurture. He covers a wide range of material from eating to IQ [Jo Williams... read (I saw lecture and talked to him)!]} } @Article{Greenfield91, author = {Patricia M. Greenfield}, title = {Language, tools and brain: The ontogeny and phylogeny of hierarchically organized sequential behavior}, JOURNAL = {Brain and Behavioral Sciences}, year = 1991, volume = 14, pages = {531--595}, annote = {Brendan McGonigle kind of article -- Broca's area stuff, primates and children} } @InProceedings{Harris97, author = {K. D. Harriss and M. Reece}, title = {Neural Model of a Grid-Based Map for Robot Sonar}, booktitle = {Proceedings of CIRA '97: IEEE International Symposium on Comutational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation}, year = 1997, address = {Moontery, CA}, pages = {34--39}, annote = {pretty much the same paper from AISB96 -- they compare feature based, baysian, and their own neural approaches to map building. Works in a *very* few steps (10-30), but in an artificial environment (at least for evaluation)} } @Article{Armstrong94, author = {David F. Armstrong and William C. Stokoe and Sherman E. Wilcox}, title = {Signs of the Origin of Syntax}, journal = {Current Anthropology}, year = 1994, volume = 35, number = 4, pages = {349--368}, annote = {presented by ash at evol. of lang. -- apparently an unconvincing argument that syntax originated in comprehending the gesture -- so the original verb with two arguments was the point (pointer and object being the refs.) From ash: "The authors contend that the syntax of spoken languages has evolved from signed communication. They reject the notion of a linguistic "big bang" and argue for a version of continuous communication evolution. Furthermore, they claim that syntax is adaptive, insofar as it increases the sophistication of communication systems, and such systems increase the fitness of individuals who use them." primate stuff. } } @InProceedings{Wooldridge98, author = { Mike Wooldridge and Nick Jennings}, title = { Pitfalls of Agent-Oriented Development}, booktitle = {2nd International Conference on Autonomous Agents}, year = 1998, address = {Minneapolis, USA}, annote = {Talks about the important of design, inspired by Mythical Man Month and pitfalls of OO design.} } @InCollection{Bickerton98, author = {Derek Bickerton}, title = {Catastrophic evolution: the case for a single step from protolanguage to full human language}, year = 1998, pages = {341-358}, booktitle = {Approaches to the Evolution of Language: Social and Cognitive Bases}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, editor = {James R. Hurford and Michael Studdert-Kennedy and Chris Knight}, annote = {Guy who does pigeons->creols thinks the "one" step to language is connecting theta stuff from primate societies to phonetics.} } @Book{evollang98, year = 1998, title = {Approaches to the Evolution of Language: Social and Cognitive Bases}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, editor = {James R. Hurford and Michael Studdert-Kennedy and Chris Knight}, annote = {the 1996 evol lang conf} } @Book{evollang00, year = 2000, title = {The Evolutionary Emergence of Language: Social function and the origins of linguistic form}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, editor = {Chris Knight and Michael Studdert-Kennedy and James R. Hurford}, annote = {the 1998 evol lang conf} } @Book{evollang02, year = 2002, title = {Language Evolution: The States of the Art}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, editor = {Simon Kirby and Morten Christiansen}, annote = {the 2000 evol lang conf} } @INCOLLECTION{Marler-1991, AUTHOR = {Peter Marler}, TITLE = {The Instinct to Learn}, BOOKTITLE = {The Epigenesis of Mind}, PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum}, YEAR = {1991}, EDITOR = {Susan Carey and Rochel Gelman}, pages={37--66}, ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ}, annote={ load about birdsong and all the different ways they get learned "It is less illogical than it first appears to speak of instincts for inventiveness. Song development is a creative process, but the inventiveness that birds often display is goverened by sets of rules. Each species has its own distinctive set of physiological mechanisms for constraining or facilitating improvisation, guiding learning preferences, directing motor development, and establishing the timing of sensitive periods. Songs are learned, and yet instinctive influences on the learning process intrude at every turn." also goes on some about the fact there's such huge variation of learning patterns in very similar species, so it doesn't take much to tweak learning. (all page 63) [I would add that this indicates something of how tightly learning must be constrained then if its variation would be so simple.]} } @InCollection{WennPalm98time, author = {Thomas Wennekers and G\"{u}nther Palm}, booktitle = {Time and the Brain. }, title = {Cell Assemblies, Associative Memory and Temporal Structure in Brain Signals}, publisher = {Harwood Academic Publishers}, year = {to appear}, editor = {R. R. Miller}, volume = 2, series = {Conceptual Advances in Brain Research}, annote = {read in david's temporal encoding workshop, chock full of stuff bout "In this work we discuss Hebb's old ideas about cell assemblies in the light of recent results concerning temporal structure and correlations in neural signals. We want to give a conceptual, necessarily only rough picture, how ideas like "binding by synchronisation", "synfire chains", "local vs. global assemblies", "short vs. long term memory" and "behaviour" might be integrated into a coherent model of brain functioning based on neuronal assemblies." } } @Article{DiPaolo98, author = {Ezequiel Di Paolo}, title = {An investigation into the evolution of communication}, journal = {Adaptive Behavior}, year = 1998, volume = 6, number = 2, annote = {the stuff about signals, coevolution, uses communication games. Shows stateless (?) agents evolving to perform sequences of behaviors, which couldn't have happened as individuals, so society being more complex than individual components.} } @Article{Boysen96, author = {Sarah T. Boysen and G. Bernston and M. Hannan and J. Cacioppo}, title = {Quantity-based inference and symbolic representation in chimpanzees ({\em {P}an troglodytes})}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: {A}nimal Behavior Processes}, year = 1996, volume = 22, pages = {76--86}, annote = {README -- letter from 11 June 97 We currently are working with five chimps on the counting tasks, all with varying levels of expertise and counting repertoires (highest number used is 8, although we have never pushed going further; rather, we were interested in HOW they could use the numbers they understood). What Brendan is referring to is work on a quantity judgment task during which the animals were permitted to choose between two arrays of differing amounts, but were rewarded with the non-chosen array. None of the chimps, across 5 different experiments, has been able to successful inhibit the over- whelming response to selecting (almost always) the LARGER of the two arrays. This is with collections of candies OR with small rocks, so it NOT the direct incentive value of the candies before them. However, if you replace the arrays with number symbols, so that now the chimps must choose between the numeral 2, say, and the numeral 6, they will almost ALWAYS choose "correctly" -- that is, they choose the smaller number, and thus reap the larger reward -- they receive the comparable number of candies represented by the un-selected numeral!! It is a very powerful effect, and is not attenuated once the animals have even extensive experience being "correct" using numbers. That is, once you go back to using candy arrays, they again are UNABLE to override the "compulsion" to select the larger of the two. It is quite interesting, and mirrors almost exactly work done by James Russell at Cambridge with a variety of young human populations (autistic, Down's, normal 3-yr olds; normal 4 yr. olds), with a task he came up with independently (and so did I, for the chimps), which he calls the "Windows Task." His work is published in the British Journal of Developmental Psychology. Our papers on the quantity judgment were published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 1996, Vol. 22, pp. 76-86. } } @Article{Lisman95, author = {J E Lisman and M A Idiart}, title = {Storage of 7 $\pm$ 2 short-term memories in oscillatory subcycles }, journal = {Science}, year = 1995, volume = 267, pages = {1512-1515}, annote = {From Dave Sterret... o Describes model of short term memories relying on ADPs and sub-threshold oscillations and mutual inhibition o Model can be adjusted to store 7 memories, as do humans} } @TechReport{Bates92, author = {Joseph Bates and A. Bryan Loyall and W. Scott Reilly}, title = {An Architecture for Action, Emotion, and Social Behavior}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth European Workshop on Modeling Autonomous Agents in a Multi-Agent World}, year = 1992, institution = {CMU School of Computer Science}, number = {CMU-CS-92-144}, address = {Pitsburgh, {PA}}, month = {May}, annote = {Describes Hap (on Tok), the agent architecture in the Oz project. Rather like Edmund, but with explicit coding for emotions which select between behaviors, and have tables wrt other agents the values of which can be learned. (Also learns locations of food, etc. -- good example of specific learning.) Has plan libraries like PRS. "Behaviors" are clusters of ways to meet goals (eg getting fed) "plans" are programs, so called "for nostalgic reasons." There are priorities both from emotions and built-in prioritization, and triggers with fixed levels of awareness.Also appearing in Artificial Social Systems: Fourth European Workshop on Modeling Autonomous Agents in a Multi-Agent World, Springer, Berlin, 1994}, } @InProceedings{Lyall97, author = {A. Bryan Loyall and Joseph Bates}, title = {Personality-Rich Believable Agents That Use Language}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents}, year = 1997, month = {February}, annote = {Describes adding language generation to Hap / Oz -- how it integrates with motions and actions.} } @TechReport{Reilly-PHD-THESIS, author = {W. Scott Neal Reilly}, title = {Believable Social and Emotional Agents}, institution = {School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University}, year = 1996, number = {CMU-CS-96-138}, address = {Pittsburgh, PA}, month = {May}, note = {Ph.D. thesis}, annote = {Oz guy} } @Book{Sacks85, author = {Oliver Sacks}, title = {The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat}, publisher = {Picador}, year = 1985, address = {London}, annote = {Sacks is deeply concerned with what it means to be human, probably because he is challanged so much by the patients he sees. Much of the book is uninformed by the literature and vaguely religous in tone. This can be explained partly by a quote from his frontspiece that seems to be central to his career approach ``The physician is concerned (unlike the naturalit)... with a single orgnaism, the human subject, striving to prederve its identity in adverse circumstances. --- Ivy McKenzie'' He refers to the need of `romantic' science to construct a more complete picture of what is happening in humans. Romantic science is partly characterized by the return to the case study, which has more complete information since it is less truncated by theory or paradigm. In the following he expresses the fundamental issue of embodied vs. classical AI. He is being struck by the relative human coherance of `the simple' vs. a brain damaged but intelligent patient. ``If we are to use a single word here, it would have to be `concreteness' --- their [``the simple''] world is vivid, intense, detailed, yet simple, precisely because it {\em is} concrete: neither complicated, diluted, nor unified, by abstraction. By a sort of inversion, or subversion, of the natural order of things, concreteness is often seen by neurologists as a wretched thing, beneath consideration, incoherent, regressed. Thus for Kurt Goldstein, the greatest systematiser of his generation, the mind, man's glory, lies wholly in the abstract and categorical, and the effect of brain damage, any and all brain damage, is to cast him out from this high realm into the almost subhuman swamplands of the concrete. If a man loses the `abstract-categorical attitude' (Goldstein), or the `propositional thought' (Hughlings Jackson), what reamins is subhuman, of no moment or interest. I call this an inversion because the concrete is elemental --- it is what makes reality `real', alive, personal and meaningful. All of this is lost if the concrete is lost --- as we saw in the case of the almost-Martian Dr. P., `the man who mitsook is wife for a hat', who fell (ina na unGoldsteinian way) from the concrete {\em to} the abstract.'' (pp. 164-5) } } @Book{Lee96, author = {David Lee}, title = {The Map Building and Exporation Strategies of a Simple Sonar-Equipped Robot}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, year = 1996, address = {Cambridge}, annote = {Originally a University College London (UCL) PhD thesis. Decent coverage of BBAI, why/when you need a model, what kinds of maps are used and for what purposes, how you should explore. Review of the lack of quantitative methods in the field of robot navigation (only 10 of 22 articles had any, and he couldn't use any of those standards.) He did it in terms of number of squares difference between navigating an ideal map and navigating one the robot built. [more notes in lab book] Why build maps? *environment changes more often than you want to program the thing, *world looks different to robot than to person, *more commercially viable because it's more plug-n-play *get more details than available on ordinary floor plans. Tried comparing his map building in his exploration strategy to map building with human guided exploration; this led him to substantially change his exploration strategy to going through long spaces first. ``Topological maps are useful when the environment consists of distinct, recognizable locations wih fixed paths inbetween them.'' (p. 29) He thinks this isn't adequate for his robot, because there are wide open spaces leading to the construction of new paths, and things are hard to recognize (because he does feature detection) so you want to map them once. [We solve this by *abstracting behaviors (like Malcolm) so that you can reason about `fixed paths' even though they aren't *being more rodent-like (rodents also having sensing problems) and following fixed paths more than necessary, because of cost trade offs, and *being able to recognize things much more quickly.] } } @Article{Zelinsky91, author = {A. Zelinsky}, title = {Mobile Robot Map Making Using Sonar}, journal = {Journal of Robotic Systems}, year = 1991, volume = 8, number = 5, pages = {557--577}, annote = {Should scan pic on 560 of why sonar is hard. <- main topic of paper. For example, doors can appear closed because of the width of the sonar signal, it's likely to catch one jam or the other. Anita Flynn used ir fusion to try to overcome this with moderate success. He uses the ``sonar barrier test'' which follows the shortest beam along a wall to determine what is wall and what is reflection. } } @TechReport{Bundy98, author = {Alan Bundy}, title = {Proof Plans}, school = "Department of Artificial Intelligence", institution = "University of Edinburgh", YEAR = 1998, TYPE = {{DAI} Research Paper}, NUMBER = 886, ADDRESS = {Edinburgh, Scotland}, month = {Jan}, annote = {More evidence of doing look-ups as integral to having opportunity to do lower-level steps... uses a meta-planner which knows about tactics, methods for applying them, and critics for catching typical problems. Enables search to occur by real prover in reasonable time.} } @TechReport{Wiggans98, author = {G. Wiggans and G. Papadopoulos and S. Phon-anunnnisuk and A. Tuson}, title = {Evolutionary Methods for Musical Composition}, school = "Department of Artificial Intelligence", institution = "University of Edinburgh", YEAR = 1998, TYPE = {{DAI} Research Paper}, NUMBER = 882, ADDRESS = {Edinburgh, Scotland}, month = {Jan}, annote = {evolves harmony and jazz oimprov via special operators and selection tests} } @TechReport{Malcolm97, author = {Chris Malcolm}, title = {A Hybrid Behavioural/Knowledge-Based Approach to Robotic Assembly}, school = "Department of Artificial Intelligence", institution = "University of Edinburgh", YEAR = 1997, TYPE = {{DAI} Research Paper}, NUMBER = 875, ADDRESS = {Edinburgh, Scotland}, month = {Oct}, annote = {also from the proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Evolutionary Robotics. Characteristics of BBAI (also in Malcolm et. al 89) -Intelligence is emergent, not implemented - Low level amalgamation of sensing and action - parallelism and process (rather than functions from central control) - ignorance ("every extra item of knowledge is something that the system could be wrong about") -active use of the world (preference for sensing rather than remembering) - minimalism (prefer simple and computationally economic implementations) - behavioural not functional modularity. a unit of behavior isn't an element of an input->output chain which can break down at one link, but is a parallel process. [should summarize and sanitize this, use also Pfiefer SAB 96] (section 2 (no page numbers!)) include also quote from 3.5 below. On design and the hybrid -- "The behaviour-based plan execution was implemented bottom up to have as much useful capability as possible, where a useful capability is one which looked like it would simplify the desing of the planner. Similarly, the planner was designed top down twoards this interface, clarifying the nature of useful capabilities at which the behaviour-based system should aim. This design method greatly reduced the complexity of the planner, increasing the complexity of the agent much less than this reduction, and thus reduced the overaall system complexity. It also produced a robust system, capable of executing novel plans reliably despite... uncertainty." (section 3.1) This allowed the planner to be kept as ignorant as possible of unnecessary detail. The systems communicated via the plan, and the plan expressed information about the location of the parts, not the robot. Thus the plan was general across different hardware, part sizes, etc. failure directed vs. dependency directed backtracking further reduces the combinatorial problems of planning. (3.3) Examples of robustness from this approach "For example, a camera bracket can be bent, a different lens installed, different parts of different sizes substituted, the parts tbe used by the robot in a different order, the arm itself can be bent, etc. We have run the system with two different models and shapes of robot arm (Adept and RTX), without having to tell the system about the change of arm." (section 3.4) This is in contrast to the Newtonian approach, calculating the locations from known parameters, which requires careful calibration. [The tradeoff is that skills/techniques have to be developed / evolved that are less generally useful than mathematics.] "This is an example of the behaviour-based approach: don't try and solve a problem perfectly, try and solve it approximately as quickly and efficiently as possible. Then if the solution is not good enough, improve it until it is. In practice, perfect solutions are not often required, and are often not worth the cost even when desirable." (3.5) Taehee's stuff is described as unsatisfactory and hacky, which he ascribes to the wrong emphasis of the robots on location control rather than force control. However, Graham's stuff is incompletely described. Claims the primary difference between Edinburgh assembly robotics and Brooks / MIT is that Edin. is hybrid and therefor requires all behaviors to be modules: emergent ones cannot be called by the higher levels so are useless. BBAI solves phil of mind because *symbols are grounded, *behaviour can be described teleologically because it exists in a world it perceives and has purpose within that world, } } @Article{Hallam94, author = {John C. T. Hallam and Chris A. Malcolm}, title = {Behaviour, Perception, and Action --- the View from Situated Robotics}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London}, year = 1994, volume = 349, pages = {29--42}, annote = {READ THIS!} } @Book{Lozano-Perez92, author = {Lozano-Perez et. al}, title = {Handeye: a robot task planner}, publisher = {{MIT} Press}, year = 1992, address = {Cambridge, {MA}}, annote = {READ THIS!} } @TechReport{Birk97, author = {Andreas Birk}, title = {Learning of an Anticipatory World-Model and the Quest for General versus Reinforced Knowledge}, institution = {Vrije Universiteit Brussel}, year = 1997, type = {{AI-MEMO}}, number = {97--14}, annote = {pretty fluffy / fast. Claims to do Drecher a million times faster with a real robot, by adding the constraint of having some rules you are actually learning. Great picture of an exploded mobile robot that illustrates why you don't want robots building complete world models themselves: should have built in "pain" concepts to stop them.} } @InProceedings{Hayes-Roth97, author = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and van Gent, Robert}, title = {Story-Making with Improvisational Puppets}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents}, editor = {W. Lewis Johnson}, year = 1997, publisher = {{ACM} press}, pages = {1--7}, month = {February}, annote = {woggles, given high level commands by children (eg. be shy and playful) choose plans and ascribe intentions based on both "personality" and in reaction to environment, other woggles. Played as interactive game, two people, two "puppets." toddler and [toddler,child,parent]. Has range of motions adapted to feelings, and expressions (recorded from HR's kid's) to choose from. http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/projects/cait} } @InProceedings{Lester97, author = {James C. Lester and Brian A. Stone}, title = {Increasing Believability in Animated Pedagogical Agents}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents}, editor = {W. Lewis Johnson}, year = 1997, publisher = {{ACM} press}, month = {February}, pages = {16--21}, annote = {two seperate ai systems for controlling educational agent, one more plan-based one for teaching, and one more reactive one for creating extra indications of being alive. tries not to be disruptive when kid is thinking, but gives warning before teaching comes in to interrupt, and keeps agent believable. nice arbitration system involving weighting behaviors, including a "null" which gets chosen most of the time.} } @InProceedings{Creatures97, author = {Stephen Grand and Dave Cliff and Anil Malhotra}, title = {Creatures: Artificial Life Autonomous Software Agents for Home Entertainment}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents}, editor = {W. Lewis Johnson}, year = 1997, publisher = {{ACM} press}, month = {February}, pages = {22--29}, annote = {really good description of the neurons, hormone system, learning, language, reference (all reasoning is action/object, and object is always what perception is attending too. does a great job with this simple system) , language and genetics.} } @InProceedings{Loyall-Bates97, author = {A. Bryan Loyall and Joseph Bates}, title = {Personality-Rich Believable Agents That Use Language}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents}, editor = {W. Lewis Johnson}, year = 1997, publisher = {{ACM} press}, month = {February}, annote = {should read more carefully -- explains how they generate utterances (including "uh" in the middle of sentences) from agent context and desires (woggles again, glinda, hap -> zoesis).} } @Book{Coghill29, author = {G. E. Coghill}, title = {Anatomy and the problem of behavior}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, year = 1929, annote = {READ THIS, cited in Goldfield95 (through Carmichael70) -- guy studied salamander embryos and saw that spontaneous activity (eg ordered) occurs before elicited. \begin{quote} Behavior develops from the beginning through the progressive expansion of a perfectly integrated total pattern and the individuation within it of partial patterns which acquire various degrees of discreteness. [p. 15 of Goldfield95] \end{quote} } } @Book{Goldfield95, author = {Eugene C. Goldfield}, title = {Emergent Forms: Origins and Early Development of Human Action and Perception}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, year = 1995, annote = {sides on dynamics, but observes the distinction between order and control \begin{quote} While order (coordination) is the process by which a system's free variables are constrained to act as a single functional unit, control (regulation) is the process by which values are assigned to that unit. \end{quote} coordination is associated with central systems, and regulation with perpipheral, but he argues that more must be going on since regulation results in global, not just local, smoothing. Also related to the difference between spontaneous and responsive motions, in embryos spontaneous occur first. very lame discussion of the serial ordering problem -- mostly references Greenfield91 and pokes holes in her paper. } } @Article{Gottlieb87, author = {G. Gottlieb}, title = {The developmental basis of evolutionary change.}, journal = {Journal of Comparitive Psychology}, year = 1987, volume = 111, pages = {262--271}, annote = {README, cited in Goldfield -- mallard ducks are biased to react to the cadence of mallard calls on birth, but not if their vocalisation tracks are removed while embryos} } @InProceedings{Fentress89, author = {J. C. Fentress}, title = {Developmental roots of behavioral order: Systemic approaches to the examination of core developmental issues.}, booktitle = {Systems and Development. The Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology}, editor = {M. R. GeGunnar and E. Thelen}, volume = 22, year = 1989, publisher = {Erlbaum}, pages = {35--76}, annote = {readme -- hierarchies etc.} } @Book{Bohm80, author = {David Bohm}, title = {Wholeness and the Implicate Order}, publisher = {Routledge}, year = 1980, address = {London}, annote = {favorite book of mad belgium 2050 guy. Explains how all the universe should be viewed as a whole and all divisions are artificial. Throw away bit on sequencing is that you can still have it even in a disipated universe, honest, gives a model to help you think about it (if you like reversible processes) involving ink on a spinning drum p182} } @Book{FreudIOD, author = {Sigmund Freud}, title = {The Interpretation of Dreams}, publisher = {Avon}, address = {New York}, year = 1900 } @Book{Norman88, author = {Donald A. Norman}, title = {The Psychology of Everyday Things}, publisher = {BasicBooks}, year = 1988, annote = {A book about how things ought to be built to take into account the kinds of mistakes people make. Sort of the flip side of Agre's work. Lots of annecdotes, very little science. Still, very nice intro to his work on slips (capture errors, description errors, data-driven, associative, loss-of-activation and mode errors), connectionist models of memory (compositing photos -> generalizations and special episodes) and how consciousness exploits subsconscious structure. pp107-127. use for highschool/early college theory of mind?} } @Book{Norman98, author = {Donald A. Norman}, title = {The Invisible Computer}, publisher = {{MIT} Press}, year = 1998, annote = {Yet another person saying that PC's are too complicated and computers are going to be living in objects and talking to each other. Examples out of phonograph, . Contradictory opinions on "there can only be one" for non-substitutable things (like Microsoft) but ignoring other examples of music and specialized computer game machines. Apparently quit academia, worked for apple 5 years, got disillusioned, now consults full time.} } @Article{Norman81, author = {Donald A. Norman}, title = {Categorization of Action Slips}, journal = {Psychological Review}, year = 1981, volume = 88, pages = {1--15}, annote = {read this} } @InCollection{Dawkins76, author = {Richard Dawkins}, title = {Hierarchical Organisation: A Candidate Principle for Ethology}, booktitle = {Growing Points in Ethology}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, year = 1976, editor = {P. P. G. Bateson and R. A. Hinde}, address = {Cambridge}, pages = {7--54}, annote = {trashed in HJ96; great article! Totally anticipates bbai, if you accept that such control is hierarchical. Seems to read everything, including winston's robot report. 3 advantages of hierarchy -- evolutionary rate advantage, (cites Simon 62 / 70 "the architecture of complexity"), local administration advantage, redundancy reducdtion advantage. Gives several ways of spotting hierarchy given table of transitions btw behaviors or of freq. of transitions table. One is clustering by time, assuming routinely neighboring events are likely to be the member of the same behavior. Another is clustering by context, assuming substitutability is a sign of being leaves on the same node. Talks about looking for patterns and what gets repeated. says behaviors from different clusters should have no impact on each other's selection [probably too strict a criteria of modularity, but maybe] gives examples from fish nesting, blowfly grooming, pigeon mating, analyzing published data. \begin{quote} Is there anyway way of combining the virtue of stopping rule programmes, imperturbability in the face of unpredictable conditions, with the vertue of action rule programmes, speed and efficiency? Yes. the solution lies in hierarchically nested stopping-rule programmes. [p. 42] \end{quote} } } @InCollection{Maes90, author = {Pattie Maes}, title = {Situated Agents Can Have Goals}, booktitle = {Designing Autonomous Agents : Theory and Practice from Biology to Engineering and back}, editor = "Pattie Maes", publisher = "{MIT} Press", address = "Cambridge, MA", year = 1990, pages = {49--70}, annote = {the stuff about goals, critique of rod/ssa. } } @Book{Clark96, author = {A. Clark}, title = {Being There: Putting Brain, Body and World Together Again}, publisher = "{MIT} Press", address = "Cambridge, MA", year = 1996, annote = {stuff about your leaky mind --- that you use the outside world to think all the time. Saw talk at Psych in Oct 1998} } @Article{Newell82, author = {Alan Newell}, title = {The Knowledge Level}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, year = 1982, volume = 18, number = 1, pages = {87--127}, annote = {argues that you should reason at the knowledge level, according to Sloman98} } @InProceedings{Sloman98, author = {Aaron Sloman and Brian Logan}, title = {Architectures and Tools for Human-Like Agents}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Cognitive Modelling}, year = 1998, publisher = {University of Nottingham Press}, address = {Nottingham, UK}, month = {April}, pages = {58--65}, annote = {\begin{quote} The paper deiscusses agent architectures which are describable in terms of the "higher level" mental concepts applicable to human beings, e.g. "believes", "desires," "intends" and "feels". We conjecture that such concepts are grounded in a type of information processing architecture...\end{quote} not Newell's knowledge level or Dennett's intentional stance. talk about SIM_AGENT, their tool kit.} } @unpublished{SlomanL98, author = {Aaron Sloman and Brian Logan}, title = {How to Build an agent tookit}, year = 1998, month = {April}, annote = {slides from the talk for \cite{Sloman98}, Sloman gave them to me on the bus.} } @PhdThesis{Brand-PHD, author = {Matt Brand}, title = {Explanation-mediated vision: Making sense of the world through causal analysis}, school = {Northwestern University}, year = 1995 } @InProceedings{Cog98, author = {Rodney A. Brooks and Cynthia Breazeal and Robert Irie and Charles C. Kemp and Matthew Marjanovic and Brian Scassellati and Matt Williamson}, title = {Alternate Essences of Intelligence}, booktitle = {American Assocation of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI98)}, pages = {961--968}, address = {Madison, {WI}}, year = 1998 } @InCollection{ACT-R98, author = {J. R. Anderson and M. Matessa}, title = {The Rational Analysis of Categorization and the {\sc act-r} Architecture}, booktitle = {Rational Models of Cognition}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, year = 1998, editor = {M. Oaksford and N. Chater}, annote = {ACT-R comments in mphil come almost entirely from this} } @InCollection{EvolSoar, author = {John E. Laird and Paul S. Rosenbloom}, title = {The Evolution of the {Soar} Cognitive Architecture}, booktitle = {Mind Matters}, publisher = {Erlbaum}, year = 1996, editor = {D.M. Steier and T.M. Mitchell}, annote = { institution = {Department of EE \& CS, University of Michigan}, year = 1994, number = {{CSE}-{TR}-219-94}, annote = {paper traces first 6 versions of soar, winds up showing it as a 3 layer architecture... productions/working memory (chunks) reactive, decision procedure deliberative, impasse and subgoals reflective. Good coverage of what changes were forced by realities of everything from external users to real-time constraints for robots.} } } @TechReport{Ben, author = {Brendan O. Mc{G}onigle and Benedict St. Johnston}, title = {Applying Staged Cognitive Growth Principles to the Design of Autonomous Robots}, institution = {Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience and Intelligent Systems, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh}, year = 1995, annote = {whatever hacked thing Brendan gives me} } @TechReport{Lola97, author = {Dolores {Ca{\~{n}}amero}}, title = {A Hormonal Model of Emotions for Behavior Control}, institution = {Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory}, year = 1997, number = {97-06}, annote = {"This paper investigates some aspectso of how emotions can affect the behavior of an artificial creature, a newborn endowed with motivational states and basic emotions. Different agents integrate this creature including agents for emotional phenomena. However, contrary to cognitive approaches, we do not tackle these directly, but go below the agent level and use physiological parameters to model them. Motivations drive behavior selection and organization basbed on the notions of arousal and satiation. Emototions exert further control by sending hormones that may affect the creature's perceptive, attentional, and motivational mechanisms, also modifying the intensity and execution of the selected behavior." Grid world simulation, no comparisons or quantitative analysis.} } @PhdThesis{Warnett-PHD, author = {Lawrence Warnett}, title = {Intelligent systems: towards a new synthetic agenda}, school = {The University of Edinburgh Department of Psychology}, year = {forthcoming} } @InCollection{Thrun98, author = {Sebastian Thrun and Arno B\"{u}chen and Wolfram Burgard and Dieter Fox and Thorsten Fr\"{o}hlinghaus and Daniel Henning and Thomas Hofmann and Michael Krell and Timo Schmidt}, title = {Map Learning and High-Speed Navigation in {RHINO}}, booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mobile Robots: Case Studies of Successful Robot Systems}, publisher = "{MIT} Press", address = "Cambridge, MA", year = 1998, editor = {David Kortenkamp and R. Peter Bonasso and Robin Murphy}, chapter = 1, pages = {21--52}, annote = {his sonar statistical stuff} } @Book{mobile98, title = {Artificial Intelligence and Mobile Robots: Case Studies of Successful Robot Systems}, publisher = "{MIT} Press", address = "Cambridge, MA", year = 1998, editor = {David Kortenkamp and R. Peter Bonasso and Robin Murphy}, } @InCollection{GatMR98, author = {Erann Gat}, title = {Three-Layer Architectures}, booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mobile Robots: Case Studies of Successful Robot Systems}, publisher = "{MIT} Press", address = "Cambridge, MA", year = 1998, editor = {David Kortenkamp and R. Peter Bonasso and Robin Murphy}, pages = {195--210}, annote = {"The use of the sequencing layer makes it possible (in fact, easy) to use trivial and uninteresting algorithms to control real robotos performing complex tasks." p. 209 diffs the levels by internal state used: "Stateless sensor-based algorithms inhabit the control component. Algorithms that contain memory about the past inhabit the sequencer. Algorithms that make predictions about the future inhabit the deliberator." p. 200 "Primitive Behaviors are designed to produce simple primitive behaviors that can be composed to produce more complex task-achieving behavior." p. 200 chapter = 8, } } @InCollection{Saphira, author = {Kurt Konolige and Karen Myers}, title = {The {S}aphira Architecture for Autonomous Mobile Robots}, booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mobile Robots: Case Studies of Successful Robot Systems}, publisher = "{MIT} Press", address = "Cambridge, MA", year = 1998, editor = {David Kortenkamp and R. Peter Bonasso and Robin Murphy}, pages = {211--242}, chapter = 9, annote = {PRS-lite in the middle, "fuzzy rules" for the behaviors. The Alan Alda project Kurt described at ATAL97 is described in detail.} } @PhdThesis{Tony-PHD, author = {Anthony R. Dickinson}, title = {Hierarchical Organisation in Serial Search Tasks by {\it Cebus Apella} Monkeys}, school = {University Of Edinburgh Department of Psychology}, year = 1998, annote = {From abstract: \begin{quote}The thesis reports the first demonstration of two-level hierarchical and linear organisation in six monkeys (Cebus apella). In behaviours elaborated over a four-year period, the hypothesis tested (McGonigle and Chalmers, 1992) was that progressive increases in task difficulty would be compensated by data reducing, economic, organisational structures. Novel touch-screen based procedures required the seriation and search of each item in a test set which, when increased in size, lead to geometrical increases in difficulty. Whilst on one scenario the subject should begin to fail as the task increases in difficulty, the performance of all subjects has shown progressive adaptation to such task requirements. This indicates an underlying dynamic process consistent with the operating hypothesis that cognitive organisation, both linear and hierarchical, are emergent responses motivated by a need for cognitive economy. \end{quote}} } @Article{Lieu97, author = {Jiming Lieu and Hong Qin}, title = {$C^{4}$: a software environment for modeling self-organizing behaviors of autonomous robots and groups}, journal = {Robotica}, year = 1997, volume = 15, number = 1, pages = {85--98}, annote = {looks like a great simulator, READ. Emailed on 23 Nov 98} } @TechReport{Lassila96, author = {Ora Lassila and Marcel Becker and Stephen F. Smith}, title = {An Exploratory Prototype for Reactive Management of Aeromedical Evacuation Plans}, institution = {The Robotics Institute, CMU}, year = 1996, number = {{CMU-RI-TR}-96-03}, annote = {pretty trad and uninteresting} } @TechReport{Smieja94, author = {Frank \'{S}mieja and Uwe Beyer}, title = {{JANUS}: A Robot Manipulator System Implemented on a Blackboard Architecture}, institution = {German National Research Centre for Computer Science (GMD)}, year = 1994, annote = {poster at Dublin, Heinz M\"{u}ehlenbein's group} } @TechReport{Beyer96, author = {Uwe Beyer and Frank \'{S}mieja }, title = {Data Exploration with Reflective Adaptive Models}, institution = {German National Research Centre for Computer Science (GMD)}, year = 1994, note = {really a journal article, Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 1996, FIXME}, annote = {Heinz M\"{u}ehlenbein's group} } @TechReport{JANUS94, author = {Uwe Beyer and Frank \'{S}mieja }, title = {{JANUS} a society of agents}, institution = {German National Research Centre for Computer Science (GMD)}, year = 1994, number = 840, annote = {Heinz M\"{u}ehlenbein's group} } @Misc{Gilles98, author = {Andrew Gillies}, title = {A Case Study: the Basal Ganglia}, howpublished = {notes for cogsci course}, year = 1998, annote = {basil ganglia sub systems, his modeling of sub thalamus 23%-full connectivity, compartmental models. Apparently leads to reinforcement learning-like mechanism} } @TechReport{Smeieja96, author = {Frank \'{S}mieja }, title = {The Pandemeonium System of Reflective Agents}, institution = {German National Research Centre for Computer Science (GMD)}, year = 1994, number = 794, note = {really a journal article, IEEE trans. in nn 1996, FIXME}, annote = {Heinz M\"{u}ehlenbein's group} } @Misc{Leary97, author = {Warren E. Leary}, title = {Hardier Breed of Antarctic and Lunar Explorers: Robots}, howpublished = {news paper article}, year = 1997, annote = {NASA Whittaker Antarctica Europa -- spotting rocks, melting through ice w/out contaminating} } @Article{Ingrand92, author = {Fran\c{c}ois F. Ingrand and Michael P. Georgeff and Anand S. Rao}, title = {An Architecture for Real-Time Reasoning and System Control}, journal = {IEEE Expert}, year = 1992, month = {December}, annote = {have draft. another PRS paper, applied to aerospace and telecommunications} } @Misc{Gat98, author = {Erann Gat}, title = {{ESL}: A language for supporting robust plan execution in Embedded Autonomous Agents}, howpublished = {http://www-aig.jpl.nasa.gov/public/home/gat/aero97.html}, year = 1998, annote = {similar to RAPS and RS, but "more utilitarian"} } @PhdThesis{Thorisson-PHD, author = {Kristinn R. Th\'{o}risson}, title = {Communicative Humanoids: A Computational Model of Psychosocial Dialogue Skills}, school = {{MIT} Media Laboratory}, year = 1996, month = {September}, annote = {Ymir} } @Article{Ymir, author = {Kristinn R. Th\'{o}risson}, title = {A Mind Model for Multimodal Communicative Creatures \& Humanoids}, journal = {International Journal of Applied Artificial Intelligence}, year = {1999}, pages = {519--538}, volume = 13, number = {4/5}, annote = {Best reference on Ymir / Gandalf (aside maybe from his thesis)} } @InProceedings{Sengers98, author = {Phoebe Sengers}, title = {Do the Thing Right: An Architecture for Action Expression}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents}, editor = {Katia P Sycara and Michael Wooldridge}, year = 1998, publisher = {{ACM} Press}, pages = {24--31}, annote = {Expressivator for transition behaviors and sign management. Points out BBAI is too reactive to express coherently *why* it is behaving, which is bad for having understandable agents. Says layering a seperate expression system on top failed in Oz / Bates PhD. Defines kinds of transitions... Explanatory Changover, parallel behavior blend, virtual behavior blend, subroutine behavior blend, interruption (typical BBAI), sudden break, accidental transition. CMU / Oz person who reads lots of Blumberg. No results yet.} } @InCollection{Roper83, author = {T. J. Roper}, title = {Learning as a Biological Phenomena}, booktitle = {Genes, Development and Learning}, publisher = {Blackwell Scientific Publications}, year = 1983, editor = {T. R. Halliday and P. J. B. Slater}, volume = 3, series = {Animal Behaviour}, chapter = 6, address = {Oxford}, pages = {178--212}, annote = {Brilliant review of constraints on learning, an ethologist reviews the psychological learning literature. Much larger set of examples than \cite{Gallistel-Brown-1991-COLL}, with many excellent references. Fill in more details here, get a bunch of the cites. (photocopy in files)} } @Unpublished{Sweeney98, author = {Latanya Sweeney}, title = {Operational Problems with the Meaning of {AI}}, note = {Area Exam paper, {MIT}}, year = 1998, month = {December}, annote = {reviews 1000 papers on AI, talks about her work on AI and education (and skinner's)} } @InProceedings{Mitchell98, author = {Melanie Mitchel}, title = {A Complex-Systems Perspective on the "Computation vs. Dynamics" Debate in Cognitive Science}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society}, year = 1998, annote = {lists some dynamics guys (look up Mind as Motion by vanGelder and Port) says you need both "In short, dynmaical approaches contribute a much needed characterization of {\em continual change} in cognitive systems and a much needed framework for describing complex couplings among brain, body and environement. Computational approaches contribute notions of mechanism and equivalence classes of mechanisms that shed light on functional and adaptive behavior in complex systems." Demonstrates her system that evolved a weird way to solve a math problem that she still doesn't get the representation for.} } @Article{Wiener96, author = {S. I. Wiener}, title = {Spatial, behavioral and sensory correlates of hippocampal {CA1} complex spike cell activity: Implications for information processing functions.}, journal = {Progress in Neurobiology}, year = 1996, volume = 49, number = 4, pages = 335, annote = {great review of mult. encoding esp. on the behavioral and context bits Abstract: The aim of this review is to better understand hippocampal function drawing almost entirely from single unit recording studies of pyramidal cells in areas CA1 and CA3 of behaving animals. Hippocampal location-selectivity (''place cell activity'') as well as place- independent behavioral correlates and sensory-triggered discharges are demonstrated to have common features: (1) abstraction, that is, development within the hippocampal circuit of novel, cue-invariant supramodal representations; (2) varying degrees of generalization or specificity; (3) capacity for abrupt changes in discharge correlates of individual neurons as the animal changes its behavior pattern or its environment changes dramatically; (4) though individual neurons discharge when the subject occupies a certain place, or performs a certain behavior, the ensemble of hippocampal neurons comprehensively represent the whole environment and all behaviors required for the task at hand. A concordance is proposed: hippocampal neuronal discharge correlates represent elements partitioned from information abstracted along one or more systems of categorization or ''information domains'': the physical structure of the environment, regularities in the behavioral exigencies of the current situation. (Sensory stimuli can be considered as temporally varying features of the environment.) Location-selectivity and behavioral correlates are extreme cases, and mixed correlates occur. The hippocampus is proposed to carry out several fundamental processes that transform information: abstraction, partitioning and recombination, that is, formation of conjunctive associations between events. Simultaneously activated neurons could then promote extrahippocampal associations linking together the diverse brain regions at the origin of these signals. } } @Article{Jescheniak98, author = {J. D. Jescheniak and H. Schriefers}, title = {Discrete Serial Versus Cascascaded Processing in Lexical Access in Speech Production: Further Evidence from Coactivation of New Synonyms}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition}, year = 1998, volume = 24, number = 5, pages = {1256--1274}, annote = {"multiple lexical representaitons appear to remain active until late in the production process if a near-synonymous lexical competitor is present."} } @Article{Holmes98, author = {J. B. Holmes and H. S. Waters and S. Rajaram}, title = {The Phenomenology of False Memories: Episodic Content and Confidence}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition}, year = 1998, volume = 24, number = 4, pages = {1026--1040}, annote = {Great article, see notes from March 5, 99 (or copy them when time!)} } @Article{Chalmers98, author = {K. A. Chalmers and M. S. Humphrys}, title = {The Role of Generalized and Episode Specific Memories in the Word Frequency Effect in Recognition}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition}, year = 1998, volume = 24, number = 3, pages = {610--632}, annote = {"the present research, in which knowledge of meaning was manipualted within the experimental setting, provides empirical evidence of the importance of meaningfulnness in episodic recognition of verbal items." in other words, good evidence that episodic memory relies on established categories, which is consistant with my current view of "place cells" / HP stuff.} } @Book{Michie84, author = {Donald Miche and Rory Johnston}, title = {The Creative COmputer: Machine Intelligence and Human Knowledge}, publisher = {Penguin}, year = 1984, annote = {talks about the painting of Harldo Cohen's computer Aaron, and poetry by Robin Shirley's computer. Creativity w/ algorithms.} } @Book{Boden87, author = {Margert Boden}, title = {Artificial Intelligence and Natural Man}, publisher = {Basic Books}, year = 1987, address = {New York}, edition = {2nd}, annote = {creativity requires generation and exploration of new representations and anologies, not a simple matter of recombining established elements given the current state of the art. Main progress so far is in generate and filter.} } @Article{Simonton97, author = {Dean Keith Simonton}, title = {Creative Productivity: A Predictive and Explanatory Model of Career Trajectories and Landmarks}, journal = {Psychological Review}, year = 1997, volume = 104, pages = {60--89}, annote = {"chance configuration theory of creativity", "the creative process is essentially Darwinian" A model describing people's careers basd on 2 independent parameters (initial creative poetential and age of career onset), 2 information processes (ideation and elaboration) and 1 principle, the equal-odds rule -> #hits/#works is positive, linear, stochastic and stable} } @Book{Pearce97, author = {Celia Pearce}, title = {The Interactive Book : A Guide to the Interactive Revolution}, publisher = {Macmillan Technical Publishing}, address = {Indianapolis, IN}, year = 1997 } @Article{SoL, author = "Kristinn R. Th\'{o}risson and Joanna Bryson", title = {Flexible Behavior-Based Planning for Multimodal Characters Capable of Task-Oriented Dialogue and Action}, year = {2000}, note = {in press}, annote= {or "Robust behavior-based planning for multimodal communicative characters" or "Real-Time Planning for Communicative, Task-oriented Characters"}, } @InProceedings{Andre98, author = "Elisabeth Andr{\'e} and Thomas Rist and Jochen M{\"u}ller", title = {Integrating Reactive and Scripted Behaviors in a Life-Like Presentation Agent}, year = 1998, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents}, editor = {Katia P Sycara and Michael Wooldridge}, publisher = {{ACM} Press}, pages = {261--268} } @PhdThesis{Sengers-PHD, author = {Phoebe Sengers}, title = {Anti-Boxology: Agent Design in Cultural Context}, school = {School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University}, year = 1999, annote = {READ THIS} } @Book{Berkoff98, title = {Animal Play: Evolutionary, Comparative, and Ecological Perspectives }, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, year = 1998, editor = {Marc Bekoff and John Alexander Byers}, annote = {Buy this?} } @ARTICLE{byrne-bbs, author = {Richard W. Byrne and Anne E. Russon}, title = {Learning by Imitation: a Hierarchical Approach}, journal = {Brain and Behavioral Sciences}, year = {1998}, volume = 21, number = {5}, pages = {667--721} } @ARTICLE{JorionByrne-bbs, author = {Paul J. M. Jorion}, title = {A Methodological Behaviourist Model for Imitation}, journal = {Brain and Behavioral Sciences}, year = {1998}, volume = 21, number = {5}, pages = {695}, annote = "opposes hierarchy" } @ARTICLE{EoghanByrne-bbs, author = {Eoghan {Mac Aog\'{a}in}}, title = {Imitation without Attitudes}, journal = {Brain and Behavioral Sciences}, year = {1998}, volume = 21, number = {5}, pages = {696--697}, annote = "opposes hierarchy" } @ARTICLE{VereijkenByrne-bbs, author = {B. Vereijken and H. T. A. Whiting}, title = {Hoist by Their Own Petard: The Constraints of Hierarchical Models}, journal = {Brain and Behavioral Sciences}, year = {1998}, volume = 21, number = {5}, pages = {695}, annote = "opposes hierarchy" } @ARTICLE{GardnerByrne-bbs, author = {Mark Gardner and Cecilia Heyes}, title = {Splitting Lumping and Priming}, journal = {Brain and Behavioral Sciences}, year = {1998}, volume = 21, number = {5}, pages = {695}, annote = {opposes hierarchy -- "The mere fact that B&R can describe behaviour in terms of goals and subgoals is not evidence that the behaviour was executed under hierarchical control."} } @Article{Wermter97, author = {S. Wermter, V. Weber}, title = {SCREEN: Learning a Flat Syntactic and Semantic Spoken Language Analysis Using Artificial Neural Networks}, journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research}, year = 1997, volume = 6, pages = {35--85}, annote = { READ THIS? Previous approaches of analyzing spontaneously spoken language often have been based on encoding syntactic and semantic knowledge manually and symbolically. While there has been some progress using statistical or connectionist language models, many current spoken- language systems still use a relatively brittle, hand-coded symbolic grammar or symbolic semantic component. In contrast, we describe a so-called screening approach for learning robust processing of spontaneously spoken language. A screening approach is a flat analysis which uses shallow sequences of category representations for analyzing an utterance at various syntactic, semantic and dialog levels. Rather than using a deeply structured symbolic analysis, we use a flat connectionist analysis. This screening approach aims at supporting speech and language processing by using (1) data-driven learning and (2) robustness of connectionist networks. In order to test this approach, we have developed the SCREEN system which is based on this new robust, learned and flat analysis. In this paper, we focus on a detailed description of SCREEN's architecture, the flat syntactic and semantic analysis, the interaction with a speech recognizer, and a detailed evaluation analysis of the robustness under the influence of noisy or incomplete input. The main result of this paper is that flat representations allow more robust processing of spontaneous spoken language than deeply structured representations. In particular, we show how the fault-tolerance and learning capability of connectionist networks can support a flat analysis for providing more robust spoken-language processing within an overall hybrid symbolic/connectionist framework. } } @InProceedings{Zadrozny95, author = {Wlodek Zadrozny}, title = {Context and ontology in understanding of dialogs}, booktitle = {IJCAI'95 Workshop on Context in NLP}, year = 1995, address = {Montreal}, annote = {wlodz@watson.ibm.com We present a model of NLP in which ontology and context are directly included in a grammar. The model is based on the concept of {\em construction}, consisting of a set of features of form, a set of semantic and pragmatic conditions describing its application context, and a description of its meaning. In this model ontology is embedded into the grammar; e.g. the hierarchy of {\it np} constructions is based on the corresponding ontology. Ontology is also used in defining contextual parameters; e.g. $\left[ current\_question \ time(\_) \right] $. A parser based on this model allowed us to build a set of dialog understanding systems that include an on-line calendar, a banking machine, and an insurance quote system. The proposed approach is an alternative to the standard "pipeline" design of morphology-syntax-semantics-pragmatics; the account of meaning conforms to our intuitions about compositionality, but there is no homomorphism from syntax to semantics. } } @InProceedings{Agarwal97, author = {Rajeev Agarwal}, title = {Towards a PURE Spoken Dialogue System for Information Access }, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACL/EACL Workshop on "Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bringing Speech and NLP Together in Real Applications"}, year = 1997, address = {Madrid}, pages = {90--97}, annote = { With the rapid explosion of the World Wide Web, it is becoming increasingly possible to easily acquire a wide variety of information such as flight schedules, yellow pages, used car prices, current stock prices, entertainment event schedules, account balances, etc. It would be very useful to have spoken dialogue interfaces for such information access tasks. We identify portability, usability, robustness, and extensibility as the four primary design objectives for such systems. In other words, the objective is to develop a PURE (Portable, Usable, Robust, Extensible) system. A two-layered dialogue architecture for spoken dialogue systems is presented where the upper layer is domain-independent and the lower layer is domain-specific. We are implementing this architecture in a mixed-initiative system that accesses flight arrival/departure information from the World Wide Web. } } @TechReport{verbmobil96, author = {Stefan Wermter and Volker Weber}, title = {Spoken Language Processing in the Hybrid Connectionist Architecture SCREEN}, institution = {Universit\"{a}t Hamburg}, year = 1996, number = {Verbmobil-{R}eport 138}, month = {July} } @TechReport{Maier95, author = {Elisabeth Maier}, title = {A Multi-Dimensional Representation of Context in a Speech Translation System - A Practical Approach}, institution = {Universit\"{a}t Hamburg}, year = 1995, number = {Verbmobil-Report 64}, month = {April}, annote={the necessity of context to keep place in the conversation} } @InProceedings{Verbmobil95, author = {Jan Alexandersson and Elisabeth Maier and Norbert Reithinger}, title = {A Robust and Efficient Three-Layered Dialog Component for a Speech-to-Speech Translation System}, booktitle = {EACL-95}, year = 1995, annote = {Verbmobil-Report 50} } @InBook{Jeffery83, author = {R. Jeffery}, title = {The Logic of Decision}, chapter = {Deliberation: A Bayesian Framework}, PUBLISHER = {The University of Chicago Press}, YEAR = 1983, ADDRESS = {Chicago, Illinois}, annote = {Explains Ratifialbility: a decision is ratifiable if after you've chosen to do it (so you change all the priors) then it's still the most desirable alternative. Loads of examples with prisoner's dilema.} } @Article{trains95, author = {James F. Allen and Lenhart K. Schubert and George Ferguson and Peter Heeman and Chung Hee Hwang and Tsuneaki Kato and Marc Light and Nathaniel Martin and Bradford Miller and Massimo Poesio and David R. Traum}, title = {The {\sc Trains} project: a case study in building a conversational planning agent}, journal = {Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence}, year = 1995, volume = 7, number = 1, pages = {7--48}, annote = {extensive notes in my notebook (March 1999).} } @Article{prodigy95, author = {Manuela Veloso and Jaime Carbonell and Alicia P\'{e}rez and Daniel Borrajo and Eugene Fink and Jim Blythe}, title = {Integrating planning and learning: the {P}rodigy architecture}, journal = {Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence}, year = 1995, volume = 7, number = 1, pages = {81--120}, annote = {90's trad planner from CMU --- based on STRIPS, has "head" and "tail" plans for the decided ordered forwards bits and the backwards chained undecided bits, and it seems able to learn chunks by expanding trees after things have gone suboptimally. Good reference about the importance of version control. Scanned but not carefully read.} } @InProceedings{Kline99, author = {Christopher Kline and Bruce Blumberg}, title = {The Art and Science of Synthetic Character Design}, booktitle = {AISB'99 Symposium on AI and Creativity in Entertainment and Visual Art}, year = 1999, pages = {16--21}, annote = {stripped down version of Bruce's arch combined with some of Cindy's (fairly boring) motivation stuff. itemizes important decompositions being motivations, emotions, perception and behavior, then says these should all be combined and real valued. Picture from "Swamped!"} } @Article{Hinton95, author = {Geoffrey E. Hinton and Peter Dayan and Brendan J. Frey and Radford M. Neal}, title = {The wake-sleep algorithm for unsupervised neural networks}, journal = {Science}, year = 1995, volume = 268, pages = {1158--1161} } @Article{Pollack92, author = {Martha E. Pollack}, title = {The Uses of Plans}, journal = AIJ, year = 1992, volume = 57, number = 1, pages = {43--69}, note = {IJCAI 1991 Computers and Thought Award (shared with Rodney Brooks)}, annote = {Co-presented with Rod's IJCAI award talk, original has some references to his talk and jibes. Talks about using plans, not planning. Uses: (1) filtering -- using plans to constrain reasoning, reduce search space by committing to decisions (*very* compatable with my stuff). Majority of paper, introduces IRMA (2) overloading (also constrain reasoning) -- select from various optional plans by fitting to previous solution, eg. buying eggs from store next to bank, since need eggs and cash. (3) coordination and communication -- interpreting/understanding other agents goals and plans necessary for this eg. providing information not precisely asked for but implied by question. Closes with critique of formalization "I'm concerned that, especially of late and especially in certain subfields of AI, there has been an overvaluing of formalization, and an unfortunate, concomitant devaluing of the hard work of theory formation. In some quarters, formalism hacking has replaced system hacking. Both activities are essential, but both must be supported by rich theories of the phenomena that concern us. I think we ought to adopt a new slogan in AI: theories before theorems." Says her paper isn't just introspection: the hypothesis *that* we plan came from there, but reasons / theories were then built and tested.} } @Article{Kobayashi97, author = {T. Kobayashi and H. Nishijo and M. Fukuda and J. Bures and T. Ono}, title = {Task-dependent representations in rat hippocampal place neurons}, journal = {JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY}, year = 1997, volume = 78, number = 2, pages = {597--613}, annote = { Abstract: It is suggested that the hippocampal formation is essential to spatial representations by flexible encoding of diverse information during navigation, which includes not only externally generated sensory information such as visual and auditory sensation but also ideothetic information concerning locomotion (i.e., internally generated information such as proprioceptive and vestibular sensation) as well as information concerning reward. In the present study, we investigated how various types of information are represented in the hippocampal formation, by recording hippocampal complex-spike cells from rats that performed three types of place learning tasks in a circular open field with the use of intracranial self-stimulation as reward. The intracranial self-stimulation reward was delivered in the following three contexts: if the rat 1- entered an experimenter-determined reward place within the open field, and this place was randomly varied in sequential trials; 2- entered two specific places, one within and one outside the place field (an area identified by change in activity of a place neuron); or 3- entered an experimenter-specified place outside the place field. Because the behavioral trails during navigation were more constant in the second task than in the first task, ideothetic information concerning locomotion was more relevant to acquiring reward in the second task than in the first task. Of 43 complex-spike cells recorded, 37 displayed place fields under the first task. Of these 37 place neurons, 34 also had significant reward correlates only inside the place field. Although reward and place correlates of the place neuron activity did not change between the first and second tasks, neuronal correlates to behavioral variables for locomotion such as movement speed, direction, and turning angle significantly increased in the second task. Furthermore, 6 of 31 place neurons tested with the third task, in which the reward place was located outside the original place field, shifted place fields. The results indicated that neuronal correlates of most place neurons flexibly increased their sensitivity to relevant information in a given context and environment, and some place neurons changed the place field per se with place reward association. These results suggest two strategies for how hippocampal neurons incorporate an incredible variety of perceptions into a unified representation of the environment: through flexible use of information and the creation of new representations. } } @Article{Okeefe96, author = {J. O'{K}eefe and N. Burgess}, title = {Geometric determinants of the place fields of hippocampal neurons}, journal = {Nature}, year = 1996, volume = 381, month = {May}, pages = {425--428}, annote = {shorter version of Burgess96 below} } @Article{Burgess96, author = {N. Burgess and J. O'{K}eefe}, title = {Neuronal computations underlying the firing of place cells and their role in navigation}, journal = {Hippocampus}, year = 1996, volume = 6, pages = {749-762}, annote = { Abstract: Our model of the spatial and temporal aspects of place cell firing and their role in rat navigation is reviewed. The model provides a candidate mechanism, at the level of individual cells, by which place cell information concerning self-localization could be used to guide navigation to previously visited reward sites. The model embodies specific predictions regarding the formation of place fields, the phase coding of place cell firing with respect to the hippocampal theta rhythm, and the formation of neuronal population vectors downstream from the place cells that code for the directions of goals during navigation. Recent experiments regarding the spatial distribution of place cell firing have confirmed our initial modeling hypothesis, that place fields are formed from Gaussian tuning curve inputs coding for the distances from environmental features, and enabled us to further specify the functional form of these inputs. Other recent experiments regarding the temporal distribution of place cell firing in two-dimensional environments have confirmed our predictions based on the temporal aspects of place cell firing on linear tracks. Directions for further experiments and refinements to the model are outlined for the future. } } @InProceedings{Young94, author = {R. M. Young and J. D. Moore and M. E. Pollack}, title = {Towards a Principled Representation for Discourse Plans}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society}, year = 1994, publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, address = {Hillsdale, NJ}, pages = {946--951}, annote = {DPOCL reference} } @Book{Miller98, author = { Jim Miller and Regina Weinert}, title = {Spontaneous spoken language : syntax and discourse}, publisher = { Clarendon Press}, year = 1998, address = { Oxford} } @Article{Cypress, author = {D. E. Wilkins and K. L. Myers and J. D. Lowrance and L. P. Wesley}, title = {Planning and Reacting in Uncertain and Dynamic Environments}, journal = {Journal of Experimental and Theoretical AI}, year = 1995, volume = 7, number = 1, pages = {197--227} } @Article{Best98, author = {Michael Best}, title = {Memes on memes - A critique of memetic models}, journal = {Journal of Memetics}, year = 1998, volume = 2, number = 1 } @InCollection{Bates99, author = {Elizabeth Bates}, title = {Plasticity, localization and language development}, booktitle = {The changing nervous system: Neurobehavioral consequences of early brain disorders}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, year = {1999}, pages = {214--253}, editor = {S. Broman and J. M. Fletcher}, annote = {lots of stuff about emergent modularity, reiteration of rethinking innateness stuff. Recent evidence from early brain lesions.} } @Book{Dennett95, author = {Daniel C. Dennett}, title = {Darwin's Dangerous Idea}, publisher = {Penguin}, year = 1995, annote = {p381 (on language) "Our human brains, and only human brains, have been armed by habits and methods, mind-tools and information, drawn from millions of other brains which are not acestral to our own brains. This amplified by the {\em deliberate, foresitghtful} use of generate-and-test in science, puts our minds on a different plane from the minds of our nearest relatives among the animals. This species-specific process of enhanscement has become so swift and powerful that a single gneration of its desing improvements can now dwarf the R-and-D efforts of millions of years of evolution by natural selection. Comparing our brains anatomically with chimpanzee brains (or dolphin brains or any other non-human brains) would be almost beside the point, because our brains are in effect joined together into a single cognitive system that dwarfs all others. They are joined by an innovation that has invaded our brains and no others: language. I am not making the foolish claim that all our brains are knit together by language into one gigantic mind, thinking its transnational thoughts, but, rather, that each individual human brain, thans to its communicative links, is the beneficiary of the cognitive labors of the others in a way that gives it unprecedented powers.} } @Article{PrescottBG, author = {Tony J. Prescott and Peter Redgrave and Kevin Gurney}, title = {Layered control architectures in robots and vertebrates}, journal = {Adaptive Behavior}, year = {1999}, number = 7, pages = {99--127}, annote = {earlier basal ganglia stuff, evol paper is better} } @InCollection{PrescottIguana, author = {Tony J. Prescott and Kevin Gurney and F. Montes Gonzalez and Peter Redgrave}, title = {The Evolution of Action Selection}, publisher = "{MIT} Press", address = "Cambridge, MA", year = {to appear}, booktitle = {Towards the Whole Iguana}, editor = {David McFarland and O. Holland}, annote = {nice job of showing how action selection could be distributed / mutual inhibition, but that's a bad idea for large systems, but it can work for small parts of large systems. All illustrated with animal brains, mostly with very primative ones.} } @InProceedings{Gurney98, author = {Kevin Gurney and Tony J. Prescott and Peter Redgrave}, title = {The basal ganglia viewed as an action selection device}, journal = {Adaptive Behavior}, booktitle = {The Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks}, year = 1998, address = {Sk\"{o}vde, Sweden}, month = {September} } @Article{RedgraveBG, author = {Peter Redgrave and Tony J. Prescott and Kevin Gurney}, title = {The Basal Ganglia: a Vertebrate Solution to the Selection Problem?}, journal = {Neuroscience}, year = 1999, volume = 89, pages = {1009--1023} } @InProceedings{Lapata99, author = {Maria Lapata and Scott McDonald and Frank Keller}, title = {Determinants of Adjective-Noun Plausibility}, crossref = {EACL:99}, annote = {very nice experiments showing how what's acceptable is just what's done -- very Jim Miller like.} } @TechReport{Keller:ea:98, author = {Frank Keller and Martin Corley and Steffan Corley and Lars Konieczny and Amalia Todirascu}, title = {{WebExp}: A Java Toolbox for Web-Based Psychological Experiments}, type = {Technical Report}, number = {HCRC/TR-99}, institution = {Human Communication Research Centre, University of Edinburgh}, year = 1998} @Proceedings{EACL:99, key = {EACL}, title = {Proceedings of the 9th~Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th~Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics}, address = {Bergen}, year = 1999 } @InProceedings{Henson97, author = {R. N. A. Henson and N. Burgess}, title = {Representations of serial order}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop: Connectionist Representations}, year = 1997, publisher = {Springer}, address = {London}, editor = {J. A. Bullinaria and D. W. Glasspool and G. Houghton} } @Book{Ramachandran98, author = {V. S. Ramachandran and S. Blakeslee}, title = {Phantoms in the brain: Human nature and the architecture of the mind}, publisher = {Fourth Estate}, year = 1998, address = {London} } @Article{Scaggs98, author = {W.E. Skaggs and B.L. McNaughton}, title = {Spatial firing properties of hippocampal CA1 populations in an environment containing two visually identical regions}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, year = 1998, volume = 18, number = 20, pages = {8455--8466}, annote = { Abstract : Populations of 10-39 CA1 pyramidal cells were recorded from four rats foraging for food reward in an environment consisting of two nearly identical boxes connected by a corridor. For each rat, a higher-than- chance fraction of cells had similarly shaped spatial firing fields in both boxes, but other cells had completely different fields in the two boxes. The level of correlation of fields in the two boxes differed greatly across rats and, for three of the four rats, across recording sessions. Thus, the factors controlling the level of performed. First, the two boxes were physically interchanged. In no case did firing fields move along with the boxes. Second, on the final session of recording, the rat was started in the south box, after having been started in the north box for every previous session. For at least two of the four rats, the north fields from the previous session were instantiated in the south during the first visit of the second session, but thereafter reverted. Thus neither differences between the physical boxes nor sensory input from outside the apparatus could account for the differences in firing fields: most likely they were caused by a combination of learned expectations and a neural mechanism for remembering movements. These findings could be explained either by hypothesizing a more sophisticated attractor-map architecture than has been proposed previously, or by hypothesizing that the hippocampus conjunctively encodes both map information and some other type of information. } } @Misc{Thompson, author = {Sandra Thompson}, howpublished = {UCSB}, year = 1999, annote = {according to Johanna, she does more stuff than Jim Miller on the syntax of real spoken language. No web presence.} } @Article{CollinsLoftus75, author = {A. M. Collins and E. F. Loftus}, title = {A spreading activation theory of semantic processing}, journal = {Psychological Review}, year = 1975, volume = 82, pages = {407--428}, annote = {PSY semantic network reference from will's ijcai paper} } @InProceedings{Plaut99, author = {David C. Plaut}, title = {Systematicity and specialization in semantics}, booktitle = {Connectionist models in cognitive neuroscience: Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop}, editor = {D. Heinke and G. W. Humphreys and A. Olson}, year = 1999, publisher = {Springer-{V}erlag}, address = {New York}, annote = {the modularity based on modality stuff} } @Book{Hull43, author = {C. Hull}, title = {Principles of Behaviour: an Introduction to Behaviour Theory}, publisher = {D. Appleton-Century Company}, address = {New York}, year = 1943 } @InProceedings{Reeves95, author = {Richard Reeves and John C. Hallam}, title = {Control of Walking by Central Pattern Generators}, booktitle = {Intelligent Autonomous Systems Four (IAS95)}, year = 1995, address = {Karlsruhe}, note = {also Edinburgh DAI RP-726} } @InProceedings{Lorenz50, author = {Konrad Lorenz}, title = {The comparative method in studying innate behaviour patterns}, booktitle = {Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology}, volume = 4, year = 1950, pages = {221--268} } @Book{Lorenz81, author = {Konrad Lorenz}, title = {Foundations of Ethology}, publisher = {Springer}, year = 1981, edition = {2}, annote = {see lorenz73} } @Article{Isard98, author = {Michael Isard and Andrew Blake}, title = {{CONDENSATION} --- conditional density propagation for visual tracking}, journal = {International Journal of Computer Vision}, year = 1998, volume = 29, number = 1, pages = {5--28} } @InProceedings{Demiris99, author = {John Demiris and Gillian Hayes}, title = {Active and Passive Routes to Imitation}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the AISB'99 Symposium on Imitation in Animals and Artifacts}, year = 1999, publisher = {AISB}, address = {Edinburgh}, month = {April} } @Proceedings{Imitation99, title = {Proceedings of the AISB'99 Symposium on Imitation in Animals and Artifacts}, editor = {Kerstin Dautenhahn and Chrystopher Nehaniv}, year = 1999, publisher = {AISB}, address = {Edinburgh}, month = {April} } @Book{Dorigo98, author = {M. Dorigo and M. Colombetti}, title = {Robot Shaping: An Experiment in Behavior Engineering}, publisher = {{MIT} Press / Bradford Books}, year = 1998 } @PhdThesis{Perkins-PHD, author = {Simon Perkins}, title = {Incremental Acquisition of Complex Visual Behaviour using Genetic Programming and Shaping }, school = {University of Edinburgh}, year = 1998, month = {December}, note = {Department of Artificial Intelligence}, annote = {review of behavior based learning on pages 109--118} } @PhdThesis{Demiris-PHD, author = {John Demiris}, title = {Movement Imitation Mechanisms in Robots and Humans}, school = {University of Edinburgh}, year = 1999, month = {May}, note = {Department of Artificial Intelligence} } @InProceedings{Lee96, author = {Wei-Po Lee and John C. Hallam and Henrik Hautop Lund}, title = {A Hybrid GP/GA Approach for Co-Evolving Controllers and Robot Bodies to Achieve Fitness-Specified Tasks }, booktitle = {Proc. of IEEE 3rd International COnference on Evolutionary Computation}, year = 1996, publisher = {IEEE Press}, address = {New York}, pages = {384--389} } @PhdThesis{Humphrys-PHD, author = {Mark Humphrys}, title = {Action Selection methods using Reinforcement Learning}, school = {University of Cambridge}, year = 1997, month = {June} } @Article{Mataric95, author = {Maja J. Matari\'{c} and Dave Cliff}, title = {Challenges In Evolving Controllers for Physical Robots}, journal = {Robotics and Autonomous Systems}, year = 1996, volume = 19, number = 1, pages = {67--83} } @Article{Michaud99, author = {Francois Michaud and Maja J. Matari\'{c}}, title = {Representation of behavioral history for learning in nonstationary conditions}, journal = {Robotics and Autonomous Systems}, year = 1999, volume = 29, number = 2, month = {November}, annote = {robot navigation, reinforcement learning, episodic memory?} } @Article{Ram97, author = {Ashwin Ram and Juan Carlos Santamaria}, title = {Continuous Case-Based Reasoning}, journal = AIJ, year = 1997, volume = 90, number = {1--2}, pages = {25--77}, annote = {robot navigation, reinforcement learning, episodic memory?} } @Book{Kolodner93, author = {J. L. Kolodner}, title = {Case-Based Reasoning}, publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, year = 1993, annote = "got from Ram97, haven't read." } @Article{Giszter89, author = {S. F. Giszter and J. McIntyre and E. Bizzi}, title = {Kinematic strategies and sensorimotor transformations in the wiping movements of frogs}, journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology}, year = 1989, volume = 62, pages = {750--767} } @InProceedings{Bizzi94, author = {F. A. Mussa-Ivaldi and S. F. Giszter and E.Bizzi}, title = {Linear combinations of primitives in vertebrate moto control}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the National Acadamy of Sciences}, volume = 91, series = {Neurobiology}, year = 1994, month = {August}, pages = {7534--4538}, annote = {Recent investigations on the spinalized frog have provided evidence suggesting that the neural circuits in the spinal cord are organized into a number of distinct functional modules.} } @Article{Bizzi95, author = {Emilio Bizzi and Simon 4. Giszter and Eric Loeb and Ferdinando A. Mussa-Ivaldi and Philippe Saltiel}, title = {Modular organization of motor behavior in the frog's spinal cord}, journal = {Trends in Neuroscience}, year = 1995, volume = 18, pages = {442--446}, annote = {"The complex issue of translating the planning of arm movements into muscle forces is discussed in relation to the recent discover of structures in the spinal cord..." review article following from prev., with more arms stuff.} } @Article{Matheson97, author = {T. Matheson}, title = {Hindleg targeting during scratching in the locust}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology}, year = 1997, volume = 200, pages = {93--100}, annote = {review of general scratching lit. looks great, README http://www.zoo.cam.ac.uk/ZOOSTAFF/MATHESON/} } @InCollection{babble, author = {P. Jusczyk}, title = {On characterizing the development of speech perception}, booktitle = {Neonate cognition: Beyond the blooming buzzing confusion}, publisher = {Erlbaum}, year = 1985, editor = {J. Mehler and R. Fox}, address = {Hillsdale, NJ} } @Book{Newell90, author = {Alan Newell}, title = {Unified Theories of Cognition}, publisher = {Harvard University Press}, year = 1990, address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, annote = {talks about Soar} } @InCollection{COGENT98, author = {R. Cooper and P. Yule and J. Fox and D. Sutton}, title = {{COGENT}: An environment for the development of cognitive models}, booktitle = { A Cognitive Science Approach to Reasoning, Learning and Discovery}, publisher = {Pabst Science Publishers}, year = 1998, editor = {U. Schmid and J. F. Krems and F. Wysotzki}, address = {Lengerich, Germany }, pages = {55--82}, note = {see also http://cogent.psyc.bbk.ac.uk/} } @InProceedings{Brand97, author = {Matthew Brand and Nuria Oliver and Alex Pentland}, title = {Coupled hidden Markov models for complex action recognition}, booktitle = {Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR97)}, year = 1997 } @Article{Baumberg96, author = {A. Baumberg and D. C. Hogg}, title = {Generating Spatio-Temporal Models from Examples }, journal = {Image and Vision Computing}, year = 1996, volume = 14, number = 8, pages = {525--532} } @InCollection{Dennett97, author = {D. C. Dennett}, title = {Consciousness in Human and Robot Minds}, booktitle = {Cognition, Computation, and Consciousness}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, year = 1997, editor = {Masao Ito and Yasushi Miyashita and Edmund T. Rolls}, annote = {the Cog paper I sent comments on in '94} } @InProceedings{Kuniyoshi97, author = { Y. Kuniyoshi and A. Nagakubo}, title = {Humanoid As a Research Vehicle Into Flexible Complex Interaction}, booktitle = {The Tenth International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS97)}, year = 1997, annote = {README} } @Article{Halperin, author = {B. E. Hallam and J. R. P. Halperin and J. C. T. Hallam}, title = {An ethological model for implementation on mobile robots}, journal = { Adaptive Behavior}, year = 1995, volume = 3, pages = {51--80} } @PhdThesis{Gadanho-PHD, author = {Sandra Clara Gadanho}, title = {Reinforcement Learning in Autonomous Robots: An Empirical Investigation of the Role of Emotions }, school = {University of Edinburgh}, year = 1999, annote = {review of emotions in AI pp. 50--54} } @Article{Parker98, author = {Lynne E. Parker}, title = {{ALLIANCE}: An Architecture for Fault Tolerant Multi-Robot Cooperation}, journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Robotics and Automation}, year = 1998, volume = 14, number = 2, annote = {30+ page rewrite of her PhD thesis.} } @Article{SiroshMiik96, author = {J. Sirosh and R. Miikkulainen}, title = {Self-organization and functional role of lateral connections and multisize receptive fields in the primary visual cortex}, journal = {Neural Processing Letters}, year = 1996, annote = {NET NEUR redo with pages (from Will)} } @Article{Lee74, author = {D. N. Lee and E. Aronson}, title = {Visual Proprioceptive Control of Standing Infants}, journal = {Perception and Psychophysics}, year = 1974, volume = 15, pages = {529--532}, annote = {first swinging room paper -- toddlers knocked down} } @Article{Lee75, author = {D. N. Lee and J. R. Lishman}, title = {Visual Proprioceptive Control of Stance.}, journal = {Jojurnal of Human Movement Studies}, year = 1975, volume = 1, pages = {87--95}, annote = {adults are also affected by swinging room -- sway with room "like puppets on a string". Are more affected when standing on a compliant surface (so info from ankles less useful) can also knock adults over if they are standing in a "novel stance."} } @InProceedings{Logan98, author = {Brian S. Logan}, title = {Classifying agent systems}, booktitle = {Software Tools for Developing Agents: Papers from the 1998 Workshop}, editor = {J. Baxter and B. Logan}, number = {{WS}-98-10}, year = 1998, publisher = {{AAAI} Press}, pages = {11--21} } @Article{Gelder98, author = {van Gelder, Tim}, title = {The Dynamical Hypothesis in Cognitive Science}, journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, year = 1998, volume = 21, number = 5, pages = {616--665}, annote = {utter crap, says very little (which Bob & Elizabeth point out.) van Gelder seems to be a philosopher. Mitchell says something about the fact he says nothing about structure, Smithers loves it, Bundy worries about virtual machines (?).} } @Article{MitchellvanGelder98, author = {Melanie Mitchell}, title = {Theories of structure versus theories of change}, journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, year = 1998, volume = 21, number = 5, pages = {645--646}, annote = {see above. "Van Gelder's answer... is that according to the dynamical hypothesis "cognitive agents are dynamical systems of quite special kinds." I will venture to say that they are dynamical systems in which the states and state trjectories can and must be interpreted in functional, informational and information-processing terms, and the computational notions will be necessary as well as dynamic notions for constructing a full account." } } @Article{FrenchvanGelder98, author = {Robert M. French and Elizabeth Thomas}, title = {The dynamical hypothesis: One battle behind}, journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, year = 1998, volume = 21, number = 5, pages = {640--641}, annote = {see above} } @Book{Port95, title = {Mind as Motion: Explorations in the Dynamics of Cognition }, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, year = 1995, editor = {Robert F. Port and van Gelder, Timothy}, annote = { nice example of how to do a collection. Blurb: Mind as Motion is the first comprehensive presentation of the dynamical approach to cognition. It contains a representative sampling of original, current research on topics such as perception, motor control, speech and language, decision making, and development. Included are chapters by pioneers of the approach, as well as others applying the tools of dynamics to a wide range of new problems. Throughout, particular attention is paid to the philosophical foundations of this radical new research program. Mind as Motion provides a conceptual and historical overview of the dynamical approach, a tutorial introduction to dynamics for cognitive scientists, and a glossary covering the most frequently used terms. Each chapter includes an introduction by the editors, outlining its main ideas and placing it in context, and a guide to further reading. } } @InCollection{Townsend95, author = {James T. Townsend and Jerome Busemeyer}, title = {Dynamic Representation of Decision-Making}, booktitle = {Mind as Motion: Explorations in the Dynamics of Cognition }, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, year = 1995, editor = {Robert F. Port and van Gelder, Timothy}, chapter = 4, pages = {101--120}, annote = {nice example of what's good in dynamic theory -- can explain decision making as oscillation, smiple net-inspired model. DFT Decision Field Theory -- dynamic, probabalistic model. static deterministic -- expected utility, dp Thurstone, dt Affective Balance. Reviews that famous decision dilema, starts with nice W. James quote.} } @InCollection{Saltzman95, author = {Elliot Saltzman}, title = {Dynamics and Coordinate Systems in Skilled Sensorimotor Activity}, booktitle = {Mind as Motion: Explorations in the Dynamics of Cognition }, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, year = 1995, editor = {Robert F. Port and van Gelder, Timothy}, chapter = 6, annote = {phonetics explained, except where the initial string of targets comes from. he hand codes it, says he's sure with time he can eliminate this too (I think not!)} } @Article{Slovic83, author = {P. Slovic and S. Lichtenstein}, title = {Preference Reversal: a Broader Perspective}, journal = {American Economic Review}, year = 1983, volume = 73, pages = {596--605}, annote = {review by first guys to do inconsitency between choice and selling price -- showed in lab in '71 && las vegas in '73 -- Lichtenstein first author on those two. Cited in Townsend95, p.113} } @InCollection{Beer95, author = {Randall D. Beer}, title = {Computational and Dynamical Languages for Autonomous Agents}, booktitle = {Mind as Motion: Explorations in the Dynamics of Cognition }, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, year = 1995, editor = {Robert F. Port and van Gelder, Timothy}, chapter = 5, pages = {121--147}, annote = {Standard embodiment spiel at beginning. Nice example of dynamic analysis of an evolved gait for a six legged robot at the end.} } @InCollection{Saltzman95, author = {Elliot L. Saltzman}, title = {Dynamics and Coordinate Systems in Skiled Sensorimotor Activity}, booktitle = {Mind as Motion: Explorations in the Dynamics of Cognition }, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, year = 1995, editor = {Robert F. Port and van Gelder, Timothy}, chapter = 4, pages = {149--173}, annote = {very nice paper, begins with a nice discussion of entrainment, ends with a sophisticated system for modelling phonetics, showing the interaction of underlying gestures and the equipment giving the full interactive effect. How is this strung into a word? "Intergestural Coordination" must be a seperate unit (from "Interarticulatory Coordination", which is actually nicely dynamic. He does his coordination via "gestural scripts" (pp 162-163) which are hand coded or grammar generated. wants to replace them with Mike Jordan's FFNN so it's all truly dynamic (pp 166--167)} } @Article{McGurk, author = {H. McGurk and J. MacDonald}, title = {Hearing lips and seeing voices}, journal = {Nature}, year = 1976, volume = 264, pages = {746--748}, annote = {the mcgurk effect} } @Article{MacDonald78, author = {J. MacDonald and H. McGurk}, title = {Visual Influence on speech perception process}, journal = {Perception and Psychophysics}, year = 1978, volume = 24, number = 3, pages = {253--257}, annote = {the mcgurk effect} } @Article{facevase, author = {Gerard O'Brien and Jon Opie}, title = {The Disunity of Consciousness}, journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy}, year = 1998, volume = 76, pages = {378--395}, annote = {got the face / vase picture from here} } @Book{Tinbergen51, author = {N. Tinbergen}, title = {The Study of Instinct}, publisher = {Clarendon Press}, year = 1951, address = {Oxford} } @Book{Piaget54, author = {Jean Piaget}, title = {The Construction of Reality in the Child}, publisher = {Basic Books}, year = 1954, address = {New York}, annote = {talks about learning as a hierarchical process: compiling skills then using them as primitives} } @Book{Chomsky57, author = {Noam Chomsky}, title = {Syntactic Structures}, publisher = {Mouton}, address = {The Hague}, year = 1957 } @Book{Newell72, author = {Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon}, title = {Human Problem Solving}, publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, year = 1972 } @InCollection{Bruner82, author = {J. S. Bruner}, title = {The Organisation of Action and the Nature of Adult-Infant Transaction}, booktitle = {The Analysis of Action}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, year = 1982, editor = {von Cranach, M. and R. Harr\'{e}}, pages = {313--328} } @Book{PDP, title = {Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition}, publisher = {{MIT} Press}, year = 1988, editor = {J. L McClelland and D. E. Rumelhart}, note = {two volumes} } @Book{Kelso95, author = {J. Scott Kelso}, title = {Dynamic Patterns: The Self-Organization of Brain and Behavior}, publisher = {{MIT} Press}, year = 1995 } @TechReport{Doyle83, author = {Jon Doyle}, title = {A Society of Mind}, institution = {{CMU} Department of Computer Science}, year = 1983, number = 127, annote = {references the idea to be Minsky's, but still interseting given the date. talks about sussman and hierarchy too.} } @Article{Nelson90, author = {K. Nelson}, title = {Hierarchical Organization, Revisited}, journal = {Netherlands Journal of Zoology}, year = 1990, volume = 40, number = 4, pages = {585--616}, annote = {AB: Concepts in DAWKINS' (1976) paper on hierarchical organization are reviewed and areas of confusion discussed. The complex singing organization in the song thrush (Turdus philomelos) is analyzed in terms of hierarchical organization and Markov process which are shown at each level to be perfectly compatible. However, remote contingence is shown to be pervasive, and thus song thrush singing organization is ultimately non-Markovian. "Relative hierarchies" or "heterarchy" are contrasted with distributed patterns of activity as models of control.} } @InProceedings{Hallam97, author = {John Hallam and Gillian Hayes}, title = {Benchmarks for Mobile Robotics}, booktitle = {Towards Intelligent Mobile Robots (TIMR 97)}, editor = {Ulrich Nehmzow}, number = {UMCS-97-9-1}, year = 1997, publisher = {University of Manchester}, annote = {obvious points w/ no data. Edin. point of behavior being due to environ, body, behavs and control. Conc: Benchmarks and standardisation are attractive but perhaps only seductive, don't fix methodology in themselves, must be chosen with care and foresite [how about experimenting?] standard robots, tasks or environments aren't as great as they seem. in \cite{Nehmzow-97TR}} } @TECHREPORT{Hallam92, AUTHOR = {Bridget Hallam and Gillian M. Hayes}, TITLE = {Comparing Robot and Animal Behaviour}, school = "Department of Artificial Intelligence", institution = "University of Edinburgh", YEAR = {1992}, TYPE = {{DAI} Research Paper}, NUMBER = {598}, ADDRESS = {Edinburgh, Scotland}, } @Article{Webb96, author = {Barbara Webb}, title = {A Robot Cricket}, journal = {Scientific American}, year = 1996, volume = 275, number = 6, pages = {62--67} } @Article{Sharkey98, author = {Noel E. Sharkey}, title = {Learning from innate behaviors: a quantitative evaluation of neural network controllers}, journal = {Machine Learning}, year = 1998, volume = 31, pages = {115--139}, annote = "talk he gave at DAI about two different nets, one for scaffolding -- not necessarily scalable, but a good example of proper psych. methodology in a robot paper." } @Unpublished{Bryson96, author = {Joanna Bryson}, title = {The Use of State in Intelligent Control}, note = {unpublished working paper}, year = 1996, month = {January}, annote = {the one about Shakey and Genghis, mentions the blocks-world Braniff stuff} } @Article{McClellandRumelhart81, author = {J. L. McClelland and D. E. Rumelhart}, title = {An interactive activation model of context effects in letter p erception: {P}art 1. {A}n account of basic findings}, journal = {Psychological Review}, year = 1981, volume = 88, pages = {375--407}, annote = {Introducing the IA model} } @ARTICLE{Chomsky-bbs, author = {Noam Chomsky}, title = {Rules and Representations}, journal = {Brain and Behavioral Sciences}, year = {1980}, volume = 3, pages = {1--61}, annote = {lots about modularity, exerpt from book by same name, usage of "competence" (def. not the first though)} } @Book{McDougall23, author = {William {McDougall}}, title = {Outline of Psychology}, publisher = {Methuen}, year = 1923, address = {London}, annote = {"hierarchy of instinct" -- early influence on lorenz, cited in HJ} } @Article{Baerends76, author = {G. P. Baerends}, title = {The Functional Organisation of Behaviour}, journal = {Animal Behaviour}, year = 1976, volume = 24, pages = {726--738}, annote = {Ethological theory during this period, however, was dominated by Lorenz, who "denied the existence of superimposed mechanisms controlling the elements of groups" instead believing that "the occurrence of a particular activity was only dependent on the external stimulation and on the threshold for release of that activity." (\citep*{Behrens 76} p. 726 cited in \citep*{HJ96} pp. 233--234) . [from my mphil]} } @InCollection{McG99, author = {Brendan O. Mc{G}onigle}, title = {Robotic Experiments and Cognition}, booktitle = {Artificial Ethology}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, year = {in press}, editor = {O. Holland and D. McFarland} } @Manual{RAP, title = {The RAP Language Manual}, author = {R. James Firby}, organization = {AI Laboratory, University of Chicago}, edition = {ver. 1.0}, year = 1995, month = {March} } @InProceedings{Geeter96, author = {De Geeter, Jan and Van Brussel, H. and De Schutter, J. and M. Decr\'{e}ton}, title = {Recognizing and locating objects with an ultrasonic and an infra-red sensor}, booktitle = {IMACS Multiconference on Computational Engineering in System Applications, Symp. on Robotics and Cybernetics}, year = 1996, pages = {587--592}, annote = {interesting work using kalman filters. Assist humans in recongnizing things in hazardous environments via teleoperated robots. Gave talk at DAI} } @InProceedings{Geeter97, author = {De Geeter, Jan and Van Brussel, H. and De Schutter, J. and M. Decr\'{e}ton}, title = {Local world modelling for teleoperation in a nuclear enviornment using a Bayesian multiple hypothesis tree}, booktitle = {IROS'97}, year = 1997, annote = {Another piece of the woork in Geeter96 (above). Assist humans in recongnizing things in hazardous environments via teleoperated robots. Gave talk at DAI} } @Article{Etienne95, author = {A. S. Etienne and S. Joris-Lambert and C. Dahn-Hurni and B. Reverdin}, title = {Optimizing visual landmarks: two- and three-dimensional minial landscapes}, journal = {Animal Behaviour}, year = 1995, volume = 49, pages = {165--179}, annote = {golden hamsters -- what makes landmarks valued (not depth, apparently)} } @Article{Bass95, author = {Ellen J. Bas and Gordon D. Baxter and Frank E. Ritter}, title = {Creating Models to Control Simulations: A Generic Approach}, journal = {{AI} and Simulation of Behaviour Quarterly}, year = 1995, number = 93, pages = {18--25}, annote = {about the interaction of an ACT-R simulation and real perception, for the purpose of testing air control stuff. low-grade pub} } @InProceedings{Redish96, author = {A.D. Redish and D. S. Touretzky}, title = {Modeling Interactions of the Rat's Place and Head Direction Systems}, BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10}, YEAR = 1996, PUBLISHER = {{MIT} Press}, pages = {61--67}, annote = {has far more interesting journal articles and such, web page is http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/user/dredish/Web/bibliography.html (and book)} } @InCollection{Cliff95, author = {Dave Cliff}, title = {Neuroethology, Computational}, booktitle = {Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks}, publisher = {{MIT} Press}, year = 1995, editor = {M. A. Arbib} } @InProceedings{Shadbolt94, author = {Nigel Shadbolt and Gang Zhu}, title = {An Architecture for Dynamic, Rational, Mobile Agents}, booktitle = {Intelligent Vehicle '94}, year = 1994, address = {Paris}, annote = {friend of Brendan's -- head of Nottingham AI. Decent work, extend 3LA No evidence work went further.} } @Article{Stone99, author = {Peter Stone and Manuela Veloso}, title = {Task Decomposition, Dynamic Role Assignment, and Low-Bandwidth Communication for Real-Time Strategic Teamwork}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, year = 1999, volume = 110, number = 2, pages = {241--273}, annote = {see arch paper. hierarchical plans (DAGs), communication with encryption, special modules for hardest problems (formations, communication) set plans for set problems, lots of great hacks and primitive behaviors. Abstract: Multi-agent domains consisting of teams of agents that need to collaborate in an adversarial environment offer challenging research opportunities. In this article, we introduce periodic team synchronization (PTS) domains as time-critical environments in which agents act autonomously with low communication, but in which they can periodically synchronize in a full-communication setting. The two main contributions of this article are a flexible team agent structure and a method for inter-agent communication in domains with unreliable, single-channel, low-bandwidth communication. First, the novel team agent structure allows agents to capture and reason about team agreements. We achieve collaboration between agents through the introduction of formations. A formation decomposes the task space defining a set of roles. Homogeneous agents can flexibly switch roles within formations, and agents can change formations dynamically, according to pre-defined triggers to be evaluated at run-time. This flexibility increases the performance of the overall team. Our teamwork structure further includes pre-planning for frequent situations. Second, the novel communication method is designed for use during the low-communication periods in PTS domains. It overcomes the obstacles to inter-agent communication in multi-agent environments with unreliable, high-cost, low-bandwidth communication. We fully implemented both the flexible teamwork structure and the communication method in the domain of simulated robotic soccer, and conducted controlled empirical experiments to verify their effectiveness. In addition, our simulator team made it to the semi-finals of the RoboCup-97 competition, in which 29 teams participated. It achieved a total score of 67-9 over six different games, and successfully demonstrated its flexible teamwork structure and inter-agent communication. } } @InProceedings{Stone98, author = {Peter Stone and Manuela Veloso}, title = {Task Decomposition and Dynamic Role Assignment for Real-Time Strategic Teamwork}, booktitle = {The Fifth International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages ({ATAL}98)}, editor = {J.P. M\"{u}ller and M.P. Singh and A.S. Rao}, year = 1999, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Paris}, annote = {great paper on robocup stuff -- presumably AIJ is an extension of this } } @Unpublished{Forest95, author = {Anne Forest}, title = {Evolutionary Epistemology ({EE})}, note = {Zoo working paper (MIT AI Lab)}, year = 1995, annote = {no references, but notes by me of discussion.} } @Unpublished{Prem95, title = {Determining the Structure of the Environment for Autonomous Systems {\em The World According to Cog}}, author = {Erich Prem}, note = {Zoo working paper draft}, year = 1995, annote = {some refs *and* notes by me of discussion} } @Article{Hartmann95, author = {George Hartmann and R\"{u}diger Wehner}, title = {The Ant's Path Integration System: A Neural Architecture}, journal = {Bilogical Cybernetics}, year = 1995, volume = 73, pages = {483--497}, annote = {very nice model of desert ants} } @Article{Chalmers95, author = {David J. Chamers}, title = {The Puzzle of Conscious Experience}, journal = {Scientific American}, year = 1995, month = {December}, pages = {80--86}, annote = {got from dennett. includes article by Crick and Koch on "Why Neruoscience may be able to explain consciousness"} } @Misc{Papineau99, author = {David Papineau}, title = {The Evolution of Practical Rationality}, howpublished = {notes distributed at Naturalism, Evolution and Mind}, year = 1999, address = {Edinburgh}, series = {The Royal Institute of Philosophy}, month = {July}, annote = {nice decomposition of forms of rationality, what components are needed (BDI, cog rev addressed in this)} } @Misc{Wilson99, author = {Robert A. Wilson}, title = {The Group Mind Hypothesis}, howpublished = {notes distributed at Naturalism, Evolution and Mind}, year = 1999, address = {Edinburgh}, series = {The Royal Institute of Philosophy}, month = {July}, annote = {Sober type stuff, group selection} } @InProceedings{Russell99, author = {Kenneth B. Russel and Bruce M. Blumberg}, title = {Behavior-Friendly Graphics}, booktitle = {Computer Graphics International '99}, year = 1999, annote = {not very interesting, AISB paper is more relevant. Swamped stuff} } @Unpublished{void, author = {Synthetic characters group and responsive environments group}, title = {\verbatim{(void *)}: A cast of characters}, note = {proposal to SIGGRAPH 1999 from MIT Media Lab}, year = 1999, annote = {Blumberg group, filed under "B"} } @InCollection{Chalmers96, author = {Margaret Chalmers and Brendan O. Mc{G}onigle}, title = {Capturing Dynamic Structuralism in the Laboratory}, booktitle = {???}, publisher = {???}, annote = {relating ISL lab work on children to piaget "combinatorics vs. logic, a new behaviour-based approach"} } @Unpublished{Fischer, author = {Kurt Fischer}, title = {Dynamic Development of Cognitive-Emotional Skills}, note = {talk delivered at {\em Naturalism, Evolution and Mind}}, year = 1999, month = {July}, annote = {seem sto have a lot of data showing that skill level cycles -- you have to deconstruct to get up to a higher level.} } @InCollection{Harnad87, author = {Steve Harnad}, title = {Categorial perception: A critical overview.}, booktitle = {Categorial perception: The groundwork of perception}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, year = 1987, editor = {Steve Harnad}, annote = {cited in Arbib98, says "[T]he phnomenon of "categorical perception" could generate internal discontinuities whre there is external continuity. There is evidence that our percceptual system is a ble to segment a continuum, such as the colour spectrum, into relatively discrete, bounded regions of categories. Physical differences of equal manitude are more discriminable across the boundaries between these categories than within them. This boundary effect, both innate and learned, may play an important role in representation of the elementary perceptual cetegories out of which the higher-order ones are built" cited on p107, in a section on "computation with attractors" in the dynmaical overview chapter.} } @Book{Arbib98, author = {Michael A. Arbib and P\'{e}ter \'{E}rdi and J\'{a}nos Szent\'{a}gothai}, title = {Neural Organization: Structure, Function and Dynamics}, publisher = {{MIT} Press}, year = 1998, annote = {see harnad87 above} } @Article{Schoppers95, author = {Marcel Schoppers}, title = {The use of dynamics in an intelligent controller for a space fairling rescue robot}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, year = 1995, volume = 73, pages = {175--230}, annote = {universal plans -- the paper Marcel thinks I should read but I still haven't gotten around to.} } @Unpublished{Frank99, author = {Ian Frank}, title = {Current Trends in Game Playing Research}, note = {invited talk, Ediburgh}, year = 1999, month = {August} } @Article{Sharkey97, author = {Noel E. Sharkey}, title = {Artificial neural networks for coordiantion and control: the portability of experiential representations}, journal = {Robotics and Autonomous Systems}, year = 1997, volume = 22, pages = {345--359}, annote = {the research reported here puts learned representations to work in a decentered control task, the disembodied arm problem. (mobile robot moves fixed robot arm) 3 stages of netc control -- classifier net, arm net, and "inter net" trained to communicate} } @Article{Bass99, author = {Thomas A. Bass}, title = {Black Box}, journal = {The New Yorker}, year = 1999, month = {April/May}, annote = {physics->poker->ga thingy for markets. Doyne Farmer & Norman Packard} } @Article{Weld99, author = {Daniel S. Weld}, title = {Recent Advances in {AI} Planning}, journal = {{AI} Magazine}, year = {1999}, volume = {20}, number = {2}, pages = {93--123}, annote = {graphplan, johanna says "it's all real time now."} } @Article{Jacobs99, author = {Lucia F. Jacobs and Fran\c{c}oise Schenk}, title = {The Multitask Nature of Spatial Representation}, journal = {Nature Neuroscience}, year = {submitted}, annote = {talk in CFN (Edin) August of 1999. Brilliant theory of hippocampus -- 3 representations based on two historical needs -- gradient following and webs of landmarks. NB: apparently never published (April 2002)} } @Manual{Ringrose95, title = {The Creature Library Tutorial (1040 Long Form)}, author = {Robert Ringrose}, organization = {{MIT} Leg Lab}, year = 1995, month = {July} } @PhdThesis{Kirby-PHD, author = {Simon Kirby}, title = {Function, Selection and Innateness: The Emergence of Language Universals}, school = {The University of Edinburgh}, year = 1996, note = {Department of Linguistics}, annote = {see Kirby99 for book version} } @Book{Russell95, author = {Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig}, title = {Artificial Intelligence : A Modern Approach}, publisher = {Prentice Hall}, year = 1995, address = {Englewood Cliffs, NJ}, annote = {uses the word "agent" to an amusing extent, but really a fairly trad text book} } @Article{Sharma00, author = {J. Sharma and A. Angelucci and M. Sur}, title = {Induction of visual orientation modules in auditory cortex}, journal = {Nature}, year = 2000, volume = 404, number = 6780, pages = {841--847}, month = {April 10}, annote = {ferret stuff} } @Article{Sur99, author = {M. Sur and A. Angelucci and J. Sharma}, title = {Rewiring cortex: The role of patterned activity in development and plasticity of neocortical circuits}, journal = {Journal of Neurobiology}, year = 1999, volume = 41, pages = {33--43}, annote = {ferret stuff} } @Article{Schaal99, author = {Stefan Schaal}, title = {Is imitation learning the route to humanoid robots?}, journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences}, year = 1999, volume = 3, number = 6, pages = {233--242} } @InProceedings{Dautenhahn98, author = {Chrystopher Nehaniv and Kerstin Dautenhahn}, title = {Mapping between Dissimilar Bodies: Affordances and the Algebraic Foundations of Imitation}, booktitle = {European Workshop on Learning Robots (EWLR-7)}, editor = {John Demiris and Andreas Birk}, year = 1998, month = {July}, pages = {64--72} } @Article{NoFreeLunch1, author = "David H. Wolpert", title = "The Lack of {\em a priori} Distinctions Between Learning Algorithms", journal = "Neural Computation", volume = "8", number = "7", year = "1996", pages = "1341--1390", annote = "no free lunch" } @Book{Weiss96, editor = {Gerhard Wei\ss and Sandip Sen}, title = {Adaptation and Learning in Multi-Agent Systems}, publisher = {Springer}, year = 1996, annote = { This is the first available book on adaption and learning in multi-agent systems.} } @Article{NoFreeLunch2, author = "David H. Wolpert", title = "The Existence of {\em a priori} Distinctions Between Learning Algorithms", journal = "Neural Computation", volume = "8", number = "7", year = "1996", pages = "1391--1420", } @Article{Whiten98, author = {Andrew Whiten}, title = {Imitation of the sequential structure of actions by chimpanzees ({\em Pan troglodytes})}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology}, year = 1998, volume = 112, pages = {270--281} } @Article{Whiten92, author = {Andrew Whiten and R. Ham}, title = {On the nature and evolution of imitation in the animal kingdom: Reappraisal of a century of research}, journal = {Advances in the Study of Behaviour}, year = 1992, volume = 21, pages = {239--83} } @Article{Carletta95, author = {Jean C. Carletta and Richard Caley and Stephen Isard}, title = {Simulating Time-Constrained Language Production}, journal = {Language and Cognitive Processes}, year = 1995, volume = 10, number = {3/4}, pages = {357--361}, annote = {I really have the 1993 Edinburgh TR. in order to interact successfully e.g. get and maintain your turn you are forced to speak faster than you want to, thus introducing errors, repairs and place holders. Nice little arch with monitors and such. Just a proposal, really, though discusses analysis of the map task corpus} } @Article{Schober97, author = {Michael F. Schober and Frederick G. Conrad}, title = {Does Converstational Interviewing Reduce Survey Measurment Error?}, journal = {Public Opinion Quarterly}, year = 1997, volume = 61, pages = {675--602}, annote = {yes, but it costs a lot. first set of results presented in 18 Sept 99 talk at Edinburgh -- with manufatured scenerios} } @InProceedings{Schober99, author = {Michael F. Schober and Frederick G. Conrad and Jonathan E. Bloom}, title = {Enhancing Collaboration in COmputer Administered Survey Interviews}, booktitle = {AAAI Fall Symposium: psychological models of communication in collaborative systems}, year = 1999, annote = {Bloom is from Dragon Sys, Newton MA. Haven't read yet} } @InCollection{Steels99, author = {Luc Steels and Frederic Kaplan}, title = {Bootstrapping Grounded Word Semantics}, booktitle = {Linguistic evolution through language acquisition: formal and computational models}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press.}, year = 1999, editor = {T. Briscoe}, annote = {looks like older robot stuff, but uses talking heads. talks abnout sysnonym and ambiguity as "emergent properties of lexicon" Didn't read carefully yet} } @Article{French97, author = {Robert M. French}, title = {Psuedo-recurrent connectionist networks: An approach to the ``sensitivity--stability'' dilemma}, journal = {Connection Science}, year = 1997, volume = 9, number = 4, pages = {353--379}, annote = {stuff in Edin dec '98 talk -- eliminate catestrophic interference by using noise to force tighter categorization so less likely to interfere (will thinks) will also thinks adaptive radial basis functions would scale better, (but have to be trained via backprop)} } @Book{Levelt89, author = {Willem J. M. Levelt}, title = {Speaking: From Intention to Articulation}, publisher = {{MIT} Press / Bradford Books}, year = 1989, annote = {Chris Brew said "read this" -- should read to understand, haven't had time} } @InProceedings{Garis90, author = {Hugo {de} Garis}, title = {The $21^{st}$ Century Artilect: Moral dilemmas conerning the ultra intelligent machine}, booktitle = {revue interationale de Philosophie}, year = 1990, annote = {are we more obligated to the expansion of intelligence, or to our own species? Guy is in Brain Builder Group, ATR, Kyoto} } @InProceedings{Walker98, author = {Marilyn A. Walker and Jeanne C. Fromer and Shrikanth Narayahan}, title = {Learning Optimal Dialogue Strategies: A Case Study of a Spoken Dialogue Agent for Email}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACL}, year = 1998, month = {August}, annote = {stuff Marilyn talked about here, but seems to be Jeanne's MIT MSc thesis title plus a qualifier. Hand code a bunch of stragies, then use reinforcement learning to pick which ones work best (duh!) Slightly interesting for noticing that "reactive" means stateless, so dooms you to repeat errors, plus a dialog example of this using speech rec.} } @TechReport{Mateas97, author = {Michael Mateas}, title = {An Oz-Centric Review of Interactive Drama and Believable Agents}, institution = {School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University}, year = 1997, number = {CMU-CS-97-156}, month = {June}, annote = {Good over-view, though little of extreme substance. The point is to make something that works, not to do science -- Blumberg's thesis got a lot from these guys, apparently} } @InProceedings{BreazealIJCAI99, author = {Cynthia Breazeal and Brian Scassellati}, title = {A Context-Dependent Attention System for a Social Robot}, editor = "Dean Thomas", booktitle = "Proceedings of the $16^{th}$ International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence ({IJCAI}99)", month = jul, publisher = "Morgan Kaufmann Publishers", address = "S.F.", year = 1999 } @InProceedings{Wooldridge99, author = {M. Wooldridge and N. R. Jennings and D. Kinny}, title = {A Methodology for Agent-Oriented Analysis and Design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents '99)}, editor = {O. Etzioni, J. P. Muller, and J. Bradshaw}, year = 1999, annote = {higher level than BOD, worrying about roles, security, communication costs -- reasonable for contrast between agent oriented and behavior oriented. Makes Kinney, Georgeff & Rao's AOM sound interesting, though it's PRS specific. Seems to have been written in 1996, judging by references.} } @InProceedings{Myers96, author = {Karen L. Myers}, title = {A Procedural Knowledge Approach to Task-Level Control}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on AI Planning Systems}, year = 1996, address = {Edinburgh}, annote = {prs-lite -- some evolution of PRS (towards fuzzy behaviors, see \citep{Saphira}, mentions evol of RAP} } @InProceedings{Wilkins98, author = {D. E. Wilkins and K. L. Myers}, title = {A Multiagent Planning Architecture}, booktitle = {Proceedings of AIPS-98}, year = 1998, address = {Pittsburgh, {PA}}, month = {June}, pages = {154--162}, annote = {big hierarchical driven thing with shared planning language (acts) across diverse planners and languages. Organizes planning cells with dedicateed "agents" for controlling everything. keywords: planning cells, planning cell managers(PCM) meta-PCMs, act plan server, single and multi cell configurations. Evaluation consists of asserting it's been used on big projects and demonstrating the overhead from all the agents and communication doesn't cost much. Need more info than this paper for a real evaluation.} } @InProceedings{BreazealIROS99, author = {Cynthia Breazeal and Brian Scassellati}, title = {How to Build Robots that Make Friends and Influence People}, booktitle = {International Conference on Intelligent Robots (IROS-99)}, year = 1999, address = {Kyongju, Korea}, pages = {858--863}, annote = {talks about using Blumberg arch, emotions, maybe doing experiments one day} } @Article{Maes91, author = {Pattie Maes}, title = {The agent network architecture ({ANA})}, journal = {SIGART Bulletin}, year = 1991, volume = 2, number = 4, pages = {115--120}, annote = {where she says what an agent arch is. (and the name of her arch!)} } @Article{Caplan00, author = {J. B. Caplan and M. J. Kahana and R. Sekuler and M. Kirschenand J. R. Madsen}, title = {Task dependence of human theta: the case for multiple cognitive functions}, journal = {Neurocomputing}, year = {in press}, annote = {talk by Sekuler at harvard, shows theta in humans, during learning, increases with difficulty of task.} } @Article{Oberlander00, author = {Jon Oberlander and Chris Brew}, title = {Stochastic Text Generatin}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A}, year = {2000}, volume = 358, month = {April}, annote = {stuff about how text is dependent on convention, using Knight's strategy to smooth it, particular examples of sentence length and word choice, compares shakespear and various others. Trigrams rule.} } @Article{Wyatt98, author = {Jeremy Wyatt and John Hoar and Gillian Hayes}, title = {Design, analysis and comparison of robot learners}, journal = {Robotics and Autonomous Systems}, year = 1998, volume = 24, number = {1--2}, pages = {17--32}, annote = {haven't read unless it's like the one in Ulrich's TR, G. Hayes put it in the Mphil :-) Ulrich Nehmzow, Michael Recce and David Bisset (eds) Special Issue on quantitative methods in mobile robotics} } @PhdThesis{Haggith-PHD, author = {Mandy Haggith}, title = {A Meta-Level Argumentation Framework for Representing and Reasoning About Disagreement}, school = {University of Edinburgh}, year = 1996, annote = {haven't read, G. Hayes put it in the Mphil :-)} } @Book{Gallistel80, author = {C. R. Gallistel}, title = {The Organization of Action: a New Synthesis}, publisher = {Erlbaum}, year = 1980, address = {Hilldale, {NJ}} } @Book{Gallistel90, author = {C. R. Gallistel}, title = {The Organization of Learning}, publisher = {{MIT} Press / Bradford Books}, year = 1990, address = {Cambridge, {MA}} } @InProceedings{Huber99, author = {Marcus J. Huber}, title = {{JAM}: A {BDI}-theoretic Mobile Agent Architecture}, booktitle = { Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents'99)}, year = 1999, address = {Seattle}, month = {May}, pages = {236--243}, annote = {have read the manual, but not this -- extension of UMPRS} } @Book{ACT, author = {J. R. Anderson}, title = {Rules of the Mind}, publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, year = 1993, address = {Hillsdale, NJ} } @InProceedings{Barber99, author = {K. S. Barber and C. E. Martin}, title = {Agent Autonomy: Specification, Measurement, and Dynamic Adjustment}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Autonomy Control Software Workshop at Autonomous Agents (Agents'99)}, pages = {8--15}, year = 1999, address = {Seattle, WA}, annote = {seems to be Martin's thesis, Barber seems to have first authored everything in her lab the last two years} } @InProceedings{Knight95, author = {K. Knight and V. Hatzivassilogon}, title = {Two-level, many-paths generation}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguists (ACL95)}, year = 1995, pages = {252--260}, annote = {Chris Brew's favorite paper} } @Book{Damasio99, author = {Antonio R. Damasio}, title = {The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness}, publisher = {Harcourt}, year = 1999 } @Book{Coad97, author = {Peter Coad and David North and Mark Mayfield}, title = {Object Models: Strategies, Patterns and Applications}, publisher = {Prentice Hall}, year = 1997, edition = {2nd}, annote = {misc OOD reference. I really have read "java design", but that doesn't sound as good in the bib} } @incollection{RileyATAL00, author={Patrick Riley and Peter Stone and Manuela Veloso}, title={Layered Disclosure: Revealing Agents' Internals}, editor = "C.~Castelfranchi and Y.~Lesp\'{e}rance", publisher = {Springer}, booktitle = {The Seventh International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages ({ATAL}2000)}, year={2001}, } @incollection(SierraATAL00, author={Carles Sierra and Ramon L\'{o}pez de M\`{a}ntaras and D\'{\i}dac Busquets}, title={Multiagent Bidding Mechanisms for Robot Qualitative Navigation}, editor = "C.~Castelfranchi and Y.~Lesp\'{e}rance", publisher = {Springer}, booktitle = {The Seventh International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages ({ATAL}2000)}, year={2001}, ) @Article{Konolige97, author = {Didier Guzzoni and Adam Cheyer and Luc Julia and Kurt Konolige}, title = {Many Robots Make Short Work}, journal = {{AI} Magazine}, year = 1997, volume = 18, number = 1, month = {Spring}, pages = {55-64}, annote = {Open Agent Architecture to control collaboration between agents, but each robot agent uses Saphira / PRS-Lite. Won first at 1996 AAAI robot competition} } @InProceedings{CoreITS00, author = {M. G. Core and J. D. Moore and C. Zinn and P. Wiemer-Hastings}, title = {Modeling Human Teaching Tactics in a Computer Tutor}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ITS'00 Workshop on Modelling Human Teaching Tactics and Strategies}, year = 2000, address = {Montreal} } @Article{Rensink00, author = {Ronald A. Rensink}, title = {The Dynamic Representation of Scenes}, journal = {Visual Cognition}, year = 2000, volume = 7, pages = {17--42}, annote = {his theory of unitary attention and many parallel pseudo-objects} } @InProceedings{AOD, author = {C. A. Iglesias and M. Garijo and J. C. Gonzalez}, title = {A survey of agent-oriented methodologies}, booktitle = {The Fifth International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages ({ATAL}98)}, editor = {J.P. M\"{u}ller and M.P. Singh and A.S. Rao}, year = 1999, pages = {185--198}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Paris} } @Article{Haskell96, author = {M. Haskell and F. Wemelsfelder and M. T. Mendl and S. Calvert and A. B. Lawrence}, title = {The effect of substrate-enriched and substrate-impoverished housing environments on the diversity of behaviour in pigs}, journal = {Behavior}, year = 1996, volume = 133, pages = {741--761}, annote = {Second author is an Edinburgh woman I've talked with.} } @InProceedings{MeyerATAL98, author = {John-Jules Ch. Meyer}, title = {Agent Languages and Their Relationship to Other Programming Paradigms}, booktitle = {The Fifth International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages ({ATAL}98)}, editor = {J.P. M\"{u}ller and M.P. Singh and A.S. Rao}, year = 1999, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Paris}, pages = {309--316}, annote = {Covers the panel on this topic.} } @Proceedings{ATAL94, title = {Intelligent Agents: the ECAI-94 workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures and Languages}, year = 1994, editor = {Michael J. Wooldridge and Nicholas R. Jennings}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Amsterdam} } @Article{Jennings00, author = {Nicholas R. Jennings}, title = {On Agent-Based Software Engineering}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, year = 2000, volume = 117, pages = {277--296} } @Article{StoneAAI98, author = {Peter Stone and Manuela Veloso}, title = {A layered approach to learning client behaviors in the RoboCup soccer server}, journal = {International Journal of Applied Artificial Intelligence}, year = 1998, volume = 12, pages = {165--188} } @Manual{PRS-CL, title = {Procedural Reasoning System User's Guide}, author = {Karen L. Myers}, organization = {Artificial Intelligence Center, {SRI} International}, address = {Menlo Park, {CA}, {USA}}, edition = {1.96}, year = {1997,1999} } @Article{Fikes72, author = {Richard E. Fikes and Peter E. Hart and Nils J. Nilsson}, title = {Learning and Executing Generalized Robot Plans}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, year = 1972, volume = 3, pages = {251--288}, annote = {triangle tables} } @InProceedings{Pratt96, author = {Jerry Pratt and Ann Torres and Peter Dilworth and Gill Pratt}, title = {Virtual Actuator Control}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS96)}, year = 1996, address = {Osaka}, annote = {hexapod balancing an inverted pendulum} } @Article{Turney96, author = {Peter Turney}, title = {How to shift bias: Lessons from the {B}aldwin effect}, journal = {Evolutionary Computation}, year = 1996, volume = 4, number = 3, pages = {271--295}, annote = {learning algorithms that shift their bias as they learn -- the baldwin effect, but not classical learning} } @InProceedings{GlasspoolDAM00, author = {David Glasspool}, title = {The Integration and control of behaviour: Insights from neuroscience and AI}, editor = {Aaron Sloman}, booktitle = {AISB'00 Symposium on Designing a Functioning Mind}, pages = {77--85}, year = 2000, annote = {incredibly similar to my mphil, though with Norman86 and Shallice} } @InProceedings{FrankelDAM00, author = {Carl Frankel and Rebecca Ray}, title = {Emotion, intention and the control architecture of adaptively competent information processing}, editor = {Aaron Sloman}, booktitle = {AISB'00 Symposium on Designing a Functioning Mind}, year = 2000, pages = {63--72}, annote = {incredibly similar to my mphil, though with Norman86 and Shallice} } @InProceedings{FrankelFusion00, author = { Carl B. Frankel and Mark D. Bedworth}, title = {Control, Estimation and Abstraction in Fusion Architectures: Lessons from Human Information Processing}, booktitle = {Third International Conference on Information Fussion}, year = 2000, address = {Paris}, month = {July}, publisher = {{IEEE} Press}, annote ={I proofread it, it's pretty wacky} } @InProceedings{SlomanDAM00, author = {Aaron Sloman}, title = {Models of Models of Mind}, editor = {Aaron Sloman}, booktitle = {AISB'00 Symposium on Designing a Functioning Mind}, pages = {1--10}, year = 2000, annote = {shows his arch, including alarms} } @Article{Horowitz98, author = {Todd S. Horowitz and Jeremy M. Wolfe}, title = {Visual Search Has No Memory}, journal = {Nature}, year = 1998, volume = 357, month = {August 6}, pages = {575--577}, annote = {shows that there isn't a simple backwards masking thingy happening in the conjugated search, because you get the same timing effects from stuff flickering around. so it must be probabalistic, serial processes are more of a simulation in this instance. (important for metaphor paper!)} } @Article{Wolfe00, author = {Jeremy M. Wolfe and Nicole Klempen and Kari Dahlen}, title = {Post-attentive Vision}, journal = {The Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance}, year = {under consideration}, annote = {submitted 11.15.96, revised 11.97, re-revised 1.99. Talk seen at Harvard feb or march 2000. Lots of stuff about implicit knowledge, priming pre attentively, wonder what happens after. Don't learn on identical tasks unless forced to use memory --- if you can use vision, you seem to forget immediately after the task what you have seen.} } @Unpublished{Sony00, editor = {Luc Steels}, title = {The Ecological Brain}, note = {Sony CSL Paris 2000 Symposium}, month = {April}, year = 2000, annote = {Pietro Morasso, U of Genoa "Field computing in cortical maps"; Ken Mogi, Sony, "The eyes don't have it --- seeing what you expect to see in binocular rivalry"; Luc Steels, Sony, "A brain for language"; Peter Hagoort, Max Planck, "Brain Images of language processing"} } @Article{Horswill98, author = {Ian Horswill}, title = {Grounding Mundane Inference in Perception}, journal = {Autonomous Robots}, year = 1998, volume = 5, pages = {63--77}, annote = {read this --- probably about his role-passing architecture} } @Unpublished{Nanda00, author = {Meera Nanda}, title = {Dharma and the Bomb}, note = {Talk at Tufts, 24 April 2000}, year = 2000, annote = {will turn into a paper in Foriegn Affairs. How postmodernism is feuling the nationalists who are convinced that technology is a part of ancient Indian religion, making the gods have nuclear weapons. postmodernists say that everything is narrative and "local" science is as good as "western" science, removing their own authority and the ability to discriminate between truth and falsehood.} } @Article{Honda99, author = {Eri Honda and Kazuo Okanoya}, title = {Acoustical and Syntactical Comparisons between Songs of the White-backed Munia ({\em Lonchura striata}) and Its Domesticated Strain, the Bengalese Finch ({\em Loncura striata} var. {\em domstica})}, journal = {Zoological Science}, year = 1999, volume = 16, pages = {319--326}, annote = {use FSM to describe songs, says that domsticated is more complex (in transitions, not notes) which females of both strains prefer. Suggests that less complex is more useful to avoid predatdors, but females prefer complexity. Okanyoa cited at evolution of language 2000 as evidence about females lliking complexity.} } @Article{Verhaegen95, author = {Marc Verhaegen}, title = {Aquatic Ape Theory, Speech Origins, and Brain differences with Apes and Monkeys}, journal = {Medical Hypotheses}, year = 1995, volume = 44, pages = {409--413}, annote = {spoke at Evolution of Language} } @Unpublished{Verhaegen00, author = {Marc Verhaegen and Stephen Munro}, title = {A Comparative Vie of Human Evolution}, note = {presented at Evolution of Language, 2000}, month = {April}, year = 2000, annote = {two-page summary of evidence for aquatic ape hypothesis, includes a bunch of web pages} } @Unpublished{Heine00, author = {Bernd Heine}, title = {The Evolution of Grammatical Structures}, note = {plenary talk at Evolution of Language, 2000}, month = {April}, year = 2000, annote = {notes from talk} } @Unpublished{Abelson95, author = {Hal Abelson and Tom Knight and Gerald J. Sussman and friends}, title = {Amorphous Computing}, note = {draft working paper}, month = {October}, year = 1995, annote = {proposal for research / group, cells, bees, cities... obtaining coherant behavior, programming. } } @InProceedings{Wolfart95, author = {Eric Wolfart and Robert B. Fisher and Ashley Walker}, title = {Position refinement for a navigating robot using motion information based on honey bee strategies}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Symposium on Intelligent Robotic Systems (SIRS95)}, pages = {257--264}, year = 1995, address = {Pisa}, month = {July} } @Article{Harris94, author = {Mitch R. Harris and Brendan O. Mc{G}onigle}, title = {A Model of Transitive Choice}, journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology}, year = 1994, volume = {47B}, number = 3, pages = {319--348}, annote = {nice production-rule model of the monkey transitivity data --- models finished competence but not learning. would be nice to model using a more neural rep. Essentially Mitch Harris' PhD.} } @PhdThesis{Harris-PHD, author = {Mitch R. Harris}, title = {Computational Modelling of Transitive Inference: a Micro Analysis of a Simple Form of Reasoning}, school = {University of Edinburgh}, year = 1988, annote = {from the abstract, sounds a lot like Harris94. May also have been a book, but can't track it down anywhere.} } @InProceedings{SIMCITY, author = {B. A. Joffe and W. Wright}, title = {SimCity: thematic mapping $+$ city management simulation $=$ an entertaining, interactive gaming tool}, booktitle = {Proceedings of GIS/LIS}, volume = 2, year = 1989, address = {Orlando, Florida}, pages = {591--600}, annote = {Found on web, apparently the Geographic Information Systems / Land Information Systems conference. Will Wright is the creator of SimCity, apparently.} } @Article{Ziemke98, author = {T. Ziemke}, title = {Adaptive Behavior in Autonomous Agents}, journal = {Presence}, year = 1998, volume = 7, number = 6, pages = {564--587}, annote = {from Kris} } @Article{Roussos97, author = {M. Roussos and A. E. Johnson and J. Leigh and C. A. Vasilakis and C. R. Barnes and T. G. Moher}, title = {{NICE}: Combining Constructionism, Narrative, and Collaboration in a Virtual Learning Environment}, journal = {Computer Graphics}, year = 1997, volume = 31, number = 3, pages = {62--63}, annote = {from Kris} } @Article{Reynolds87, author = {C. W. Reynolds}, title = {Flocks, Herds, and Schools: A Distributed Behavioral Model}, journal = {Computer Graphics}, year = 1987, volume = 21, number = 4, pages = {25--34}, annote = {from Kris} } @Book{Cassell98, editor = {Justine Cassell and Henry Jenkins }, title = {From Barbie to Mortal Kombat: Gender and Computer Games}, publisher = {{MIT} Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, year = 1998 } @Article{Cassell99, author = {Justine Cassell and Kristinn R. Th\'{o}risson}, title = {The Power of a Nod and a Glance: Envelope vs. Emotional Feedback in Animated Conversational Agents}, journal = {International Journal of Applied Artificial Intelligence}, year = 1999, volume = 13, number = {4/5}, pages = {519--538} } @InProceedings{Thorisson97, author = {Kristinn R. Th\'{o}risson}, title = {Layered Modular Action Control for Communicative Humanoids}, booktitle = {Computer Animation '97}, pages = {134--143}, publisher = {{IEEE} Press}, year = 1997, editor = {Nadia Magnenat Thalmann}, address = {Geneva}, month = {June} } @InProceedings{Thorisson98, author = {Kristinn R. Th\'{o}risson}, title = {Real-Time Decision Making in Face to Face Communication}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents '98)}, editor = {Katia P. Sycara and Michael Wooldridge}, year = 1998, address = {Minneapolis}, publisher = {{ACM} Press}, pages = {16--23}, annote = {Short thing on Ymir and decision modules. Have draft and proceedings} } @InCollection{Thorisson01, author = {Kristinn R. Th\'{o}risson}, title = {Machine Perception of Real-Time Multimodal Natural Dialogue}, booktitle = {Language, vision and music}, editor = {Paul McKevitt}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, year = {2001}, address = {London}, note = {{\em in press}} } @article{Nigam99, author = "K. Nigam and A. McCallum and Sebastian Thrun and Tom Mitchell", title = "Text Classification from Labeled and Unlabeled Documents using {EM}", journal = "Machine Learning", year = "1999", annote = { was a AAAI-98 paper -- you can classify unlabeled text using labeled text to bootstrap (or not have any labels at all, actually, but that's not what they did, though they do mention it) abstract from mitchell talk feb 23 2000 --- Most models of supervised learning consider only labeled training examples, and ignore the potential role of unlabeled data. This talk considers the question "when is it possible to use unlabeled data to increase accuracy in supervised learning?" This question was initially motivated by our research on algorithms for learning to classify web pages (e.g., as student home pages, faculty pages, etc.). The question of how to use unlabeled data is especially interesting for web page classification,given the hundreds of millions of easily accessible web pages. We present an algorithm and experimental results demonstrating that unlabeled data can significantly improve accuracy when learning to automatically classify web pages. We then identify a precise problem structure that is sufficient to assure unlabeled data will improve learning accuracy. Interestingly, the essential problem structure is found in many natural learning problems faced by humans, such as learning a semantic lexicon over noun phrases in natural language, and learning to recognize objects from multiple sensor inputs. These results suggest that our understanding of human and animal learning might also be improved by considering the potential role of unlabeled data in learning.} } @Article{Albus91, author = {J. S. Albus}, title = {Outline for a Theory of Intelligence}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics}, year = 1991, volume = 21, number = 3, pages = {473--509}, annote = {quoted in a cfp (NIST2000): intelligence is ". . . the ability of a system to act appropriately in an uncertain environment, where appropriate action is that which increases the probability of success, and success is the achievement of behavioral subgoals that support the system's ultimate goal." Increase of prob. good argument for hypothesis testing.} } @Book{SAB00, editor = {J-A. Meyer and A. Berthoz and D. Floreano and H. Roitblat and S. W. Wilson}, title = {From Animals to Animats 6: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior}, year = {2000}, pages = {147--156}, publisher = {{MIT} Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA} } @Proceedings{SAB00, title = {From Animals to Animats 6 (SAB00)}, year = 2000, editor = {Jean-Arcady Meyer and Alain Berthoz and Dario Floreano and Herbert Roitblat and Stewart W. Wilson}, publisher = {{MIT} Press} } @Book{Arkin98, author = {Ronald C. Arkin}, title = {Behavior-Based Robotics}, publisher = mitpress, year = 1998, address = mitpress_address } @Unpublished{Savage-Rambaugh00, author = {Sue Savage-Rumbaugh and William Mintz Fields and Jarend P. Taglialatela}, title = {Language, Culture and Tools}, note = {Delivered at the Evolution of Language}, year = 2000, month = {April}, address = {Paris}, annote = {apes would be humans if they were raised fully human, have language and planning, just can't vocalize or they'd be shot by humans, neonatal stuff matters too. stuff about tool use by kanzi, writing by his sister, language from her child.} } @Article{SteinEtzioni, author = {Lynn Andrea Stein}, title = {Intelligence and Reason: A Response to Etzioni}, journal = {{AI} Magazine}, year = 1994, volume = 15, number = 2, pages = {11--12}, anote = {Letter to the Editor} } @Article{EtzioniBrooks, author = {Oren Etzioni}, title = {Intelligence without robots: A reply to Brooks}, journal = {{AI} Magazine}, year = 1993, volume = 14, number = 4, pages = {7--13}, anote = {Letter to the Editor?} } @Book{Agresti90, author = "A. Agresti", title = "Categorical Data Analysis", publisher = "John Wiley and Sons", year = "1990", annote = "A big book on contingency tables and GLMs. Broadly Frequentist.", } @Article{ShroutFleiss79, author = {P. E. Fleiss and J. L. Shrout}, title = {Intraclass correlations: {U}ses in assessing rater reliability}, journal = {Psychological Bulletin}, year = {1979}, volume = {86}, number = {2}, pages = {420--428}, annote = {Reference for ICC, for measuring rater reliability} } @Article{LandisKoch77, author = {J. R. Landis and G. G. Koch}, title = {The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data}, journal = {Biometrics}, year = {1977}, volume = {33}, pages = {159--174}, annote = {Reference for Kappa measure, for agreement between raters} } @BOOK{Bishopetal75, AUTHOR = {Y. M. M. Bishop and S. E. Fienberg and P. W. Holland}, TITLE = {Discrete Multivariate Analysis: Theory and Practice}, PUBLISHER = {MIT Press}, YEAR = {1975}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA} } @Article{Bardetal96, author = {E. Bard and D. Robertson and A. Sorace}, title = {Magnitude estimation of linguistic acceptability}, journal = {Language}, year = {1996}, volume = {72}, number = {1}, pages = {32--68}, annote = {Reference for magnitude estimation in theoretical syntax} } @INCOLLECTION{Neal98, author = "R. M. Neal", TITLE = {Assessing Relevance Determination Methods Using {DELVE}}, BOOKTITLE = {Neural Networks and Machine Learning}, PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag}, YEAR = {1998}, EDITOR = {C. M. Bishop}, PAGES = {97--129}, note = {See also {\tt http://www.cs.utoronto.ca/\~{ }delve/}} } @Book{BoxTiao73, author = {G. E. P. Box and G. C. Tiao}, title = {Bayesian inference in statistical analysis}, publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, year = 1993, address = {Reading, Massachusetts} } @ARTICLE{Turing-50-MIND, AUTHOR = {Alan M. Turing}, TITLE = {Computing Machinery and Intelligence}, JOURNAL = "Mind", YEAR = {1950}, VOLUME = {59}, PAGES = {433--460}, MONTH = oct, annote = {also appeared in cite{Feigenbaum-Feldman-63-BOOK} and cite{Luger-95-BOOK}} } @Article{Parnas85, author = {David L. Parnas}, title = {Software Aspects of Strategic Defense Systems}, journal = {American Scientist}, year = 1985, volume = 73, number = 5, pages = {432--440}, note = {revised version of UVic Report No. DCS-47-IR} } @ARTICLE{Cliff-et-al-93-AB, AUTHOR = {David Cliff and Philip Husbands and Inman Harvey}, TITLE = {Explorations in Evolutionary Robotics}, JOURNAL = AB, YEAR = {1993}, VOLUME = {2}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {71--108} } @InProceedings{Kitano00, author = {Hiroaki Kitano}, title = {Robocup Rescue: A Grand Challenge for Multiagent Systems}, booktitle = {The Fourth International Conference on MultiAgent Systems (ICMAS00)}, address = {Boston}, publisher = {{IEEE} Computer Society}, pages = {5--12}, year = 2000 } @ARTICLE{Sim-agent99, author = "Aaron Sloman and Brian Logan", title = "Building cognitively rich agents using the {S}im\_agent toolkit", journal = "Communications of the Association of Computing Machinery", volume = "42", number = "3", pages = "71--77", month = "March", year = "1999", } @Book{Lockhart98, author = {R. S. Lockhart}, title = {Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences}, publisher = {Freeman}, year = 1998 } @InProceedings{Cook71, author = {S. A. Cook}, title = {The Complexity of Theorem-Proving Procedures}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Annual {ACM} Symposium on the THeory of Computing}, pages = {151--158}, year = 1971, address = {New York}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, annote = {ref from LAS} } @Article{Stein99, author = {L. A. Stein}, title = {Challenging the Computational Metaphor: Implications for How We Think}, journal = {Cybernetics and Systems}, year = 1999, number = 6, volume = 30, pages = {473--507} } @InProceedings{tileworld90, author = {M. E. Pollack and M. Ringuette}, title = {Introducing the Tileworld: Experimentally Evaluating Agent Architectures}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI90)}, year = 1990, address = {Boston, {MA}}, PAGES = {183--189}, annote = {later paper has more graphs --- this one does some research, but comparisons aren't clear} } @TechReport{tileworld94, author = {M. E. Pollack and D. Joslin and A. Nunes and S. Ur and and E. Ephrati}, title = {Experimental Investigation of an Agent Commitment Strategy}, institution = {University of Pittsburgh}, year = 1994, number = {94--31} } @Article{Assad00, author = {W. F. Asaad and G. Rainer and Earl K. Miller}, title = {Task-specific neural activity in the primate prefrontal cortex}, journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology}, year = 2000, volume = 84, pages = {451--459} } @Article{Orlov00, author = {Tanya Orlov and Volodya Yakovlev and Shaul Hochstein and Ehud Zohary}, title = {Macaque monkeys categorize images by their ordinal number}, journal = {Nature}, year = 2000, volume = 404, month = {March 2}, pages = {77--79}, annote = { (Saw and talked to Ehud at BCS in 2000, exch. email). Abstract: The recall of a list of items in a serial order is a basic cognitive skill. However, it is unknown whether a list of arbitrary items is remembered by associations between sequential items, or by associations between each item and its ordinal position. Here, to study the nonverbal strategies used for such memory tasks, we trained three macaque monkeys on a delayed sequence recall task. Thirty abstract images, divided into ten triplets, were presented repeatedly in fixed temporal order. On each trial the monkeys viewed three sequentially presented sample stimuli, followed by a test stimulus consisting of the same three images and a distractor image (chosen randomly from the remaining 27). The task was to touch the three images in their original order without touching the distractor. The most common error was touching the distractor when it had the same ordinal number (in its own triplet) as the correct image. Thus, the monkeys natural tendency was to categorize images by their ordinal number. Additional, secondary strategies were used eventually to avoid the distractor images. These included memory of the sample images (working memory) and associations between sequence triplet members. Thus, monkeys use multiple mnemonic strategies according to their innate tendencies and the requirements of the task. } } @InProceedings{Dahl99, author = {Torbjørn Semb Dahl}, title = {The Eel Programming Language and Internal Concurrency in Logic Agents}, booktitle = {Workshop on Multi-Agent Systems in Logic Programming (ICLP99)}, year = 1999, annote = {Says Eel is based on Edmund} } @Article{Sutton99, author = {Richard S. Sutton and Doina Precup and Satinder Singh}, title = {Between MDPs and semi-MDPs: A Framework for Temporal Abstraction in Reinforcement Learning}, journal = AIJ, year = 1999, volume = 112, pages = {181--211}, annote = {Kevin Murphy says this is like my architecture --- allows for interrupts (so at least related to my "alarm" hypothesis.} } @InCollection{Winston75, author = {Patrick Winston}, editor = {Patrick Winston}, title = {Learning Structural Descriptions from Examples}, booktitle = {The Psychology of Computer Vision}, publisher = {Mc{G}raw-Hill Book Company}, year = 1975, address = {New York}, annote = {arch stuff, need to nearly know something to learn it} } @Article{Whiten00, author = {Andrew Whiten}, title = {Primate culture and social learning}, journal = {Cognitive Science}, year = 2000, volume = 24, number = 3, pages = {477--508}, annote = {special issue on primate cognition. has a new break-down of mimetic / social learning.} } @Book{Kirby99, author = {Simon Kirby}, title = {Function, Selection and Innateness: the Emergence of Language Universals}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, year = 1999, annote = {rewrite of phd thesis} } @Article{Ress00, author = {D. Ress and B. T. Backus and David J. Heeger}, title = {Activity in primary visual cortex predicts performance in a visual detection task}, journal = {Nature Neuroscience}, year = 2000, volume = 3, number = {940--945}, annote = {Abstract: Visual attention can affect both neural activity and behavior in humans. To quantify possible links between the two, we measured activity in early visual cortex (V1, V2 and V3) during a challenging pattern detection task. Activity was dominated by a large response that was independent of the presence or absence of the stimulus pattern. The measured activity quantitatively predicted the subject's pattern detection performance: when activity was greater, the subject was more likely to correctly discern the presence or absence of the pattern. This stimulus independent activity had several characteristics of visual attention, suggesting that attentional mechanisms modulate activity in early visual cortex, and that this attention related activity strongly influences performance. Talk at BCS Oct 12 2000 } } @Article{Nestares00, author = {O. Nestares and David J. Heeger}, title = {Robust multiresolution alignment of {MRI} brain volumes}, journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine}, year = 2000, volume = 43, pages = {705--715}, annote = {Abstract: An algorithm for the automatic alignment of MRI volumes of the human brain was developed, based on techniques adopted from the computer vision literature for image motion estimation. Most image registration techniques rely on the assumption that corresponding voxels in the two volumes have equal intensity, which is not true for MRI volumes acquired with different coils and/or pulse sequences. Intensity normalization and contrast equalization were used to minimize the differences between the intensities of the two volumes. However, these preprocessing steps do not correct perfectly for the image differences when using different coils and/or pulse sequences. Hence, the alignment algorithm relies on robust estimation, which automatically ignores voxels where the intensities are sufficiently different in the two volumes. A multiresolution pyramid implementation enables the algorithm to estimate large displacements. The resulting algorithm is used routinely to align MRI volumes acquired using different protocols (3D SPGR and 2D fast spin echo) and different coils (surface and head) to subvoxel accuracy (better than 1 mm). Mentioned in talk at BCS oct 12 2000. cited as ref to V1 being moving around between different individuals. } } @Article{Mink96, author = {Jonathon W. Mink}, title = {The basal ganglia: focused selection and inhibition of competing motor programs.}, journal = {Progress In Neurobiology}, year = 1996, volume = 50, number = 4, pages = {381--425}, annote = {got Prescott, Redgrave et. al started. Haven't read, no more recent stuff available though web page is current & relevant.} } @Article{Middleton00, author = {Frank A. Middleton and Peter L. Strick}, title = {Basal ganglia output and cognition: evidence from anatomical, behavioral, and clinical studies}, journal = {Brain and Cognition}, year = 2000, volume = 42, number = 2, pages = {183--200}, annote = {ref about how BG is not just about motor action anymore.} } @InCollection{Moravec90, author = {Hans P. Moravec}, title = {The {S}tanford {C}art and the {CMU} {R}over}, booktitle = {Autonomous Robot Vehicles}, pages = {407--419}, publisher = {Springer}, year = 1990, editor = {I. J. Cox and G. T. Wilfong} } @InCollection{French00, author = {Robert M. French and Bernard Ans and Stephane Rousset}, title = {Pseudopatterns and dual-network memory models: Advantages and shortcomings}, editor = "Robert M. French and Jacques Sougn\'{e}", booktitle = {Connectionist Models of Learning Development and Evolution: Proceedings of the $6^{th}$ Neural Computation and Psychology Works hop}, year = 2001, publisher = {Springer} } @InCollection{Bullinaria00, author = {John Bullinaria}, title = {Exploring the {B}aldwin Effect in Evolving Adaptable Control Systems}, editor = "Robert M. French and Jacques Sougn\'{e}", booktitle = {Connectionist Models of Learning Development and Evolution: Proceedings of the $6^{th}$ Neural Computation and Psychology Works hop}, year = 2001, publisher = {Springer} } @Article{Grossberg99, author = {Stephen Grossberg}, title = {How does the cerebral cortex work? {L}earning, attention and grouping by the laminar circuits of visual cortex}, journal = {Spatial Vision}, year = 1999, volume = 12, pages = {163--186}, annote = {a recent ART article with the laminer stuff he keeps doing in talks, e.g. NIST, SAB00} } @Article{Lonstein97, author = {Joseph S. Lonstein and Judith M. Stern}, title = {Role of the midbrain periaqueductal gray in maternal nurturance and aggression: {\em c-fos} and electrolytic lesion studies in lactating rats.}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, year = 1997, volume = 17, number = 9, pages = {3364--78}, month = {May 1}, annote = {extends role of PAG to include maternal behavior} } @Article{Lonstein98, author = {Joseph S. Lonstein and D A Simmons and Judith M. Stern}, title = {Functions of the caudal periaqueductal gray in lactating rats: kyphosis, lordosis, maternal aggression, and fearfulness}, journal = {Behavioural Neuroscience}, year = 1998, volume = 112, number = 6, pages = {1502--18}, month = {December}, annote = {read me. Have 97 article above.} } @Book{MAS99, editor = {Gerhard Wei\ss}, title = {Multiagent Systems: A Modern Approach to Distributed Artificial Intelligence}, PUBLISHER = {MIT Press}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}, year = 1999 } @inproceedings{Luck95, title = "A Formal Framework for Agency and Autonomy", author = "Luck, M. and d'Inverno, M.", booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems", publisher = "AAAI Press/MIT Press", pages = "254--260", year = "1995", annote = {agents vs. objects} } @inproceedings{Hindriks99, author = "K. Hindriks and F. {De Boer} and W. {Van Der Hoek} and J.-J. C. Meyer", title = "Control Structures of Rule-Based Agent Languages", booktitle = {The Fifth International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages ({ATAL}98)}, editor = {J.P. M\"{u}ller and M.P. Singh and A.S. Rao}, pages = "381--396", year = "1999", annote = {met at atal00, does reduction for agent languages (calls it "embedding") like I suggest in the idiom paper. guy who told me PRS formal specs don't deal with stack manipulations.} } @Book{Emernet00, title = {Emergent Neural Computational Architectures Based on Neuroscience.}, year = 2001, editor = {Stefan Wermter and Jim Austion and David Willshaw}, publisher = {Springer}, } @InProceedings{WermterEmernet00, author = {Stefan Wermter and Jim Austion and David Willshaw and Mark Elshaw}, title = {Towards Novel Neuroscience-Inspired Computing}, booktitle = {Emergent Neural Computational Architectures Based on Neuroscience.}, year = 2001, editor = {Stefan Wermter and Jim Austion and David Willshaw}, publisher = {Springer}, } @InProceedings{Thom00, author = "Belinda Thom", title = "Bob: an interactive improvisational music companion", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents'00)", year = {2000}, annote = {looks interesting, comes from CMU / believeable agents, cites me} } @InProceedings{Butler99, author = "Greg Butler and Andrea Gantchev and Peter Grogono", title = "Reusable Strategies for Software Agents via the Subsumption Architecture", booktitle = "Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference", year = {1999}, publisher = {{IEEE} Press}, address = {Takamatsu City}, annote = {repeatedly cites my Trento paper, surprisingly. Butler is Concordia, Montreal faculty interested in software design. Paper is pretty crap, no quntitative results, redundant decriptions of SA, one interesting reference to a unix file wandering SA 'bot called SUMPY} } @Article{deWaalScience00, author = {de Waal, Frans B. M.}, title = {Primates---A Natural Heritage of Conflict Resolution}, journal = {Science}, year = 2000, volume = 289, pages = {586--590}, annote = { summary of book. Individual vs. relational model of aggression -- I might want to say something about how both models are repped in my stuff. "Conflict in valuable relationships induces greater anxiety, which in turn creates a greater need fro calming postconflict contact with the opponent." p587 In fact, friends fight more frequently than non-friends -- dW speculates lower threshold for expression due to knowledge of easy reconciliation -- or, greater concern for long-term cost of conflict in aquaintances. "valuable relationship hypothesis". evidence not only for increased reconciliation for close relatives, but also when aquaintances are made important in artificial ways e.g. requiring a team to get food from experimental aparatus. p 588 Evidence that reconciliation techniques are learned skills -- evidence includes showing that agressive species learn peacemaking by cohabiting with friendlier ones! 4-6x more interventions over 6 weeks after 5 months of cohabitation. [what about the more peaceful guys, did they get less peaceful?] "The little systematic research tht exists confirsms that, rather than the rate and intensity of open conflict, it is the way conflict is being handled and resolved that matters most, for example, for marriage stability." p. 590} } @InProceedings{Yip97, author = {Kenneth Yip and Gerald Jay Sussman}, title = {Sparse Representations for Fast, One-shot learning}, booktitle = {American Assocation of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI97)}, year = 1997, annote = {an interesting attempt to unify symbolic and nn ideas of semantics in the discussion} } @MastersThesis{Walker99, author = {Michael Walker}, title = {A Computational Investigation of Tonality of Music}, school = {The University of Edinburgh}, year = 1999, annote = {Influenced by Steedman, Longuet-Higgins} } @MastersThesis{Wessler-SCM, author = {Michael Wessler}, title = {A Modular Visual Tracking System}, school = {{MIT}}, note = "Artificial Intelligence Laboratory", year = 1995, annote = {Only "real" Odie pub.} } @TechReport{Hinton00, author = {Geoffrey E. Hinton}, title = {Training Products of Experts by Minimizing Contrastive Divergence}, institution = {Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London}, year = 2000, annote = {talks at Edinburgh and AISB00} } @TechReport{Doyle99, author = {Jon Doyle and Isaac Kohane and William Long and Peter Szolovits}, title = {The Architecture of {MAITA}: A Tool For Monitoring, Analysis, and Interpretation}, institution = {{MIT} {LCS} Clinical Decision Making Group}, year = 1999, note = {draft of September 21}, annote = {talked with Jon Doyle and Peter S. about using BOD for this.} } @Article{Quartz93, author = {Steven R. Quartz}, title = {Neural networks, nativism and the plausibility of constructivism}, journal = {Cognition}, year = 1993, volume = 48, pages = {223--242}, annote = {characterizes NN with PAC, talks about Fodor's anti-constructivism} } @InProceedings{French98, author = {Robert M. French}, title = {A Simple Recurrent Network Model of Bilingual Memory}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Cognitive Science Society Conference}, pages = {368-373}, year = 1998, annote = {given older work ssaying 2 langs are in one, distributed lex, not two diff ones, this shows how such could be created with an elman net} } @misc{ wessler97, author = "Mike Wessler and Lynn Andrea Stein", title = "Robust Active Vision from Simple Symbiotic Subsystems", annote = "lynn calls this a tech report, but it's not listed at the ailab" } @InProceedings{Coen97, author = {Michael H. Coen}, title = {Building Brains for Rooms: Designing Distributed Software Agents}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI97)}, year = 1997, address = {Providence, RI}, annote = {intelligent room, HAL} } @Unpublished{Zadeh00, author = {Lotfi A. Zadeh}, title = {The Search for Metrics of Intelligence -- A Critical View}, note = {Invited talk at the {NIST} Workshop on Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems}, address = {Washington, {DC}}, month = {August}, year = 2000 } @Unpublished{Zadeh00, author = {Lotfi A. Zadeh}, title = {Toward the Concept of Generalized Definablity}, note = {Abstract from lecture at the Rolf Nevanlinna Colloquium}, address = {Helsinki}, month = {August}, year = 2000, annote = {distributed at NIST workshop} } @Article{Taylor94, author = {Paul Taylor}, title = {The rise/fall/connection model of intonation}, journal = {Speech Communication}, year = 1994, volume = 15, pages = {169--186} } @TechReport{Black97, author = {Alan W. Black and Paul Taylor}, title = {Festival Speech Synthesis System: system documentation (1.1.1)}, institution = {Human Communication Research Center, University of Edinburgh}, year = 1997, number = 83 } @Article{Pepperberg00, author = {Irene M. Pepperberg and Sarah E. Wilcox}, title = {Evidence for a Form of Mutual Exclusivity During Label Acquisition by Grey Parrots (\textit{Psittacus erithacus})? }, journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology}, year = 2000, volume = 114, number = 3, pages = {219--231} } @Article{Nanda00, author = {Meera Nanda}, title = {Dharma and the Bomb: Postmodern Critiques of Science and the Rise of Reactionary Modernism in India}, journal = {unknown}, year = 2000, annote = {I saw this as a talk at Tufts, April 2000 and got a copy of the paper. It's to be in a journal, but I haven't found the reference yet.} } @InCollection{Harcourt92, author = {Alexander H. Harcourt}, title = {Coalitions and Alliances: Are Primates More Complex Than Non-Primates?}, booktitle = {Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and Other Animals}, pages = {445--472}, publisher = {Oxford}, year = 1992, editor = {Alexander H. Harcourt and de Waal, Frans B. M.}, chapter = 16, annote = {Mostly demonstrates how similar they are --- even invertebrates seem able to recognize and reciprocate with other individuals (?!) but so far only primates have evidence of manipulating alliances. That is, they 1) "react to differences in competitive ability... by cultivating particularly useful animals, often dominants ones, as allies" 2) "compete over access to these useful allies" & 3) "prevent formation of rival alliances" p462 He thinks "for primates, coalitions and alliances are an end in themselves; for non-primates they are simply a means to an end" He doesn't think much about representation --- that instead of having to rep n relationships you rep n*n (roughly) Of course, you can have policies that behave like this is the case w/o keeping a full mapping. Again, swans behave differently towards cygnets near their parents. points out need for variety of abilities and for stability of these varieties in order to make this kind of bookeeping useful. thinks there's a need for rich, defensible and pref. partitianable resources for this to emerge. Mentions with little support that behavior of non-primates may be directed at the present, while that of primates directed at the future. } } @incollection(vanEijk+ATAL2000, author={van Eijk, Rogier M. and de Boer, Frank S. and van der Hoek, Wiebe and John-Jules Ch.~Meyer}, title={Generalised Object-Oriented Concepts for Inter-Agent Communication}, booktitle={Intelligent Agents {VII} (ATAL2000)}, editor="C.~Castelfranchi and Y.~Lesp\'{e}rance", publisher="Springer", year={2001}, annote={objects, active objects and agents defined}) @Article{Dewar99, author = {Rick Dewar and Ashley D. Lloyd and Rob Pooley and Perdita Stevens}, title = {Identifying and communicating expertise in systems reengineering: a patterns approach}, journal = {IEE Proceedings: Software}, year = 1999, volume = 146, number = 3, pages = {145--152}, annote = {talks about folk knowledge, and the strategy of deprecating UI attributes} } @Article{Fitch00, author = {W. Tecumseh Fitch}, title = {The Evolution of Speech: A Comparative Review}, journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences}, year = 2000, volume = 4, number = 7, pages = {258--267}, annote = {differences between human and other apes are dropped larynx, missing air sacs -- both affect range of formants one can make -- and the ability to imitate sounds. Lots of historical stuff about what has and hasn't been demonstrated from fossil record, he favors doing comparative stuff instead.} } @Article{Swartz00, author = {K. B. Swartz and S. Chen and H. S Terrace}, title = {Serial learning by rhesus monkeys: II. Learning four-item lists by trial and error}, journal = {J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process}, year = 2000, volume = 26, number = 3, pages = {274--85} } @Article{Brannon98, author = {E. M. Brannon and H. S. Terrace}, title = {Ordering of the numerosities 1 to 9 by monkeys}, journal = {Science}, year = 1998, volume = 282, number = 5389, pages = {746--749} } @Article{Brannon00, author = {E. M. Brannon and H. S. Terrace}, title = {Representation of the Numerosities 1--9 by Rhesus Macaques ({\em Macaca Mulatta})}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: {A}nimal Behavior Processes}, year = 2000, volume = 26, number = 1, pages = {31--49} } @Article{IQ96, author = {Ulric Neisser and Gwyneth Boodoo and Bouchard, Jr., Thomas J. and A. Wade Boykin and Nathan Brody and Stephen J. Ceci and Diane F. Halpern and John C. Loehlin and Robert Perloff and Robert J. Sternberg and Susana Urbina }, title = {Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns}, journal = {American Psychologist}, year = 1996, volume = 51, number = 2, pages = {77--101}, month = {February}, annote = {response to the bell curve, got from ian deary after chris brand thing} } @Unpublished{DiamondUP, author = {Adele Diamond}, title = {Retrieval of an object from an open box: The development of visual-tactile control of reaching in the first year of life}, note = {submitted monograph}, year = 2000, annote = {maybe earlier than 2000. the great stuff about when kids will reach across themselves, when they go for straight line-of-sight, etc.} } @Article{Diamond02, author = {Adele Diamond and N. Kirkham and D. Amso}, title = {Conditions under which young children can hold two rules in mind and inhibit a prepotent response.}, journal = {Developmental Psychology}, year = 2002, volume = 38, number = 3, pages = {352--362}, month = {May}, annote = { "i had a preprint. it is very nice. the videos are hilarious: they just keep repeating the error." -- marc hauser Center for Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Waltham 02452, USA. adele.diamond@umassmed.edu The day-night task requires saying "night" to a picture of the sun and "day" to a picture of the moon. In this investigation of why young children fail at this task, systematic variations of the task were administered to 96 children, half 4 years old and half 4 1/2 years old. Training children on the strategy of chunking the 2 rules into I ("say the opposite"), thus reducing memory load, did not help their performance. What helped was reducing the inhibitory demand by instructing them to say "dog" and "pig" (not "night" and "day") even though memory of 2 rules and inhibiting saying what the pictures represented were still required. Here the response to be activated and the response to be inhibited were unrelated. When the correct response was semantically related to, and the direct opposite of, the to-be-inhibited response, children performed poorly. Inserting a delay between stimulus and response helped even though that delay was filled with distraction. Young children apparently need several seconds to compute the answer on this task. Often they do not take the needed time; when forced to do so, they do well. } } @article{Beaugrand96, author = {Michèle-E. Hogue and Jacques P. Beaugrand and Laguë}, title = {Coherent use of information by hens observing their former dominant defeating or being defeated by a stranger}, journal = {Behavioural Processes}, year = 1996, volume = {38}, pages = {241--252}, annote = {says hens seem to show transitive inference in dominance --- they can observe conflicts and figure out who not to mess with. Cites McG. web page http://www.er.uqam.ca/nobel/r20370/h1clip.htm This study examines the role of observation during the formation of triads in female domestic hens. Results indicate that during hierarchy formation, a hen observing agonistic interactions and conflict settlement between its former dominant and a stranger, uses this information when in turn confronted by the latter. Under a first condition (E, N=15 triads), bystanders witnessed their prior dominant being defeated by a stranger before being introduced to them. In a second condition (C1, N=16 triads), bystanders witnessed the victory of their prior dominant over a stranger. In a third condition (C2, N=15 triads), bystanders witnessed 2 strangers establishing a dominance relationship before being introduced to their prior dominant and to a stranger the former had just defeated. The behavioural strategies of bystanders depended on the issue of the conflict they had witnessed. When bystanders had witnessed the domination of their prior dominant by a stranger (E), they behaved as having no chance of defeating the stranger. They never initiated attack against it, and upon being attacked, readily submitted in turn to the stranger. On the contrary, when bystanders had witnessed their prior dominant defeating the stranger (C1), they behaved as having some chances against the stranger. They initiated attacks in 50% of cases, and won 50% of conflicts against the stranger. Under condition C2, bystanders first initiated contact with the strangers in only 27% of cases, which approximates the average of their chances for defeating the stranger. However, bystanders finally defeated the strangers in 40% of cases. These results highly suggest that bystanders of conditions E and C1 gained some information on the relationship existing between their prior dominant and the stranger and that they used it coherently, perhaps through transitive inference, thus contributing to the existence of transitive relationships within the triads. Alternate explanations are examined. } } @InCollection{Wynne98, author = {Clive D. L. Wynne}, title = {A minimal model of transitive inference}, booktitle = {Models of Action}, pages = {269--307}, publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, year = 1998, editor = {C. D. L. Wynne and J. E. R. Staddon}, address = {Mahwah, {NJ}}, annote = {Article summarizing models of transitive inference. Gets timing stuff wrong on McG, and doesn't mention Harris, but generally an excellent review. Starts from a very simple model based on standard learning, but eventually needs to include factors for context as well to account for all results. Excellent review. Other stuff mentioned in it: (more in proper citations below) Wynne, C.D.L. (1997) Pigeon transitive inference: Tests of simple accounts of a complex performance. Behavioural Processes. 39: 95-112. Davis, H. (1992b). Transitive inference in Rats (Rattus norvegicus). J. Comp. Psych., 106, 342-346. Von Fersen, L., Wynne, C.D.L., Delius, J.D. & Staddon, J.E.R. (1991). Transitive inference formation in pigeons. J. Exp. Psych (Anim. Behav. Proc.), 17: 334-341. } } @Article{Siemann93, author = {M. Siemann and J. D. Delius}, title = {Implicit Deductive Reasoning in Humans}, journal = {Naturwissenshaften}, year = 1993, volume = 80, pages = {364--366}, annote = {15 adult humans trained on transitive inference through video game (sounds like doom) with doors with patterns on them. One of each pair has gold behind it. Training in blocks, then random, then transitive tests are provided with discriminating reward (hallways behind each). 7 subjects failed to notice pattern and couldn't order cards with patterns, but all subjects showed transitivity (behavior could not be discriminated.) Described in \citep{Wynne98}.} } @Article{Rapp96, author = {P. R. Rapp and M. T. Kansky and H. Eichenbaum}, title = {Learning and memory for hierarchical relationships in the monkey: effects of aging}, journal = {Behavioural Neuroscience}, year = 1996, volume = 110, number = 5, pages = {887--897}, month = {October}, annote = { Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA. prapp@ccmail.sunysb.edu. Young and aged rhesus monkeys were tested on 2 versions of a transitive inference task measuring learning and memory for hierarchical relationships. Animals initially acquired 4 object discrimination problems arranged such that the relationship between the stimuli followed the hierarchy A > B > C > D > E. The second version of the task was similar but involved a series of 7 objects. Learning and memory for the hierarchical relationships were evaluated during probe trials in which novel pairs of nonadjacent items (e.g., B and D) were presented for a response. Standard task accuracy measures failed to distinguish young and aged subjects at any point in training. In contrast, response latency effects that are indicative of relational information processing in young monkeys were entirely absent in aged subjects. The findings highlight the value of a relational memory framework for establishing a detailed neuropsychological account of cognitive aging in the monkey. } } @Article{Dusek97, author = {Jeffery A. Dusek and Howard Eichenbaum}, title = {The hippocampus and memory for orderly stimulus relations}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, {USA}}, year = 1997, volume = 94, number = 13, pages = {7109--14}, month = {June}, annote = { Department of Psychology, Boston University, 64 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Human declarative memory involves a systematic organization of information that supports generalizations and inferences from acquired knowledge. This kind of memory depends on the hippocampal region in humans, but the extent to which animals also have declarative memory, and whether inferential expression of memory depends on the hippocampus in animals, remains a major challenge in cognitive neuroscience. To examine these issues, we used a test of transitive inference pioneered by Piaget to assess capacities for systematic organization of knowledge and logical inference in children. In our adaptation of the test, rats were trained on a set of four overlapping odor discrimination problems that could be encoded either separately or as a single representation of orderly relations among the odor stimuli. Normal rats learned the problems and demonstrated the relational memory organization through appropriate transitive inferences about items not presented together during training. By contrast, after disconnection of the hippocampus from either its cortical or subcortical pathway, rats succeeded in acquiring the separate discrimination problems but did not demonstrate transitive inference, indicating that they had failed to develop or could not inferentially express the orderly organization of the stimulus elements. These findings strongly support the view that the hippocampus mediates a general declarative memory capacity in animals, as it does in humans. } } @Article{Henson98, author = {Richard N. A. Henson}, title = {Short-term memory for serial order: the Start-End Model}, journal = {Cognitive Psychology}, year = 1998, volume = 36, pages = {73--137}, annote = {Cleaned up PhD} } @ARTICLE{Halford-bbs, author = {Graeme Halford and William H. Wilson and Steven Phillips}, title = {Processing capacity defined by relational complexity: implications for comparative, developmental, and cognitive psychology}, journal = {Brain and Behavioral Sciences}, year = {1998}, volume = 21, number = 6, pages = {803--864}, annote = { Has a bit about transitive inference, other piaget stuff. http://cogsci.ecs.soton.ac.uk/bbs/Archive/bbs.halford.html Department of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. gsh@psy.uq.oz.au Working memory limits are best defined in terms of the complexity of the relations that can be processed in parallel. Complexity is defined as the number of related dimensions or sources of variation. A binary relation has one argument and one source of variation; its argument can be instantiated in only one way at a time. A binary relation has two arguments, two sources of variation, and two instantiations, and so on. Dimensionality is related to the number of chunks, because both attributes on dimensions and chunks are independent units of information of arbitrary size. Studies of working memory limits suggest that there is a soft limit corresponding to the parallel processing of one quaternary relation. More complex concepts are processed by "segmentation" or "conceptual chunking." In segmentation, tasks are broken into components that do not exceed processing capacity and can be processed serially. In conceptual chunking, representations are "collapsed" to reduce their dimensionality and hence their processing load, but at the cost of making some relational information inaccessible. Neural net models of relational representations show that relations with more arguments have a higher computational cost that coincides with experimental findings on higher processing loads in humans. Relational complexity is related to processing load in reasoning and sentence comprehension and can distinguish between the capacities of higher species. The complexity of relations processed by children increases with age. Implications for neural net models and theories of cognition and cognitive development are discussed. } } @Article{Gillies00, author = {Andrew Gillies and Gordon W. Arbuthnott}, title = {Computational Models of the Basal Ganglia}, journal = {Movement Disorders}, year = 2000, volume = 15, number = 5, pages = {762--770}, month = {September}, annote = {Computer simulation studies and mathematical analysis of models of the basal ganglia are being used increasingly to explore theories of basal ganglia function. We review the implications of these new models for a general understanding of basal ganglia function in normal as well as in diseased brains. The focus is on their functional similarities rather than on the details of mathematical methodologies and simulation techniques. Most of the models suggest a vital role for the basal ganglia in learning. Although this interest in learning is partly driven by experimental results associating the acute firing of dopamine cells with reward prediction in monkeys, some of the models have preceded the electrophysiological results. Another common theme of the models is selection. In this case, the striatum is seen as detecting and selecting cortical contexts for access to basal ganglia output. Although the behavioral consequences of this selection are hard to define, the models provide frameworks within which to explore these ideas empirically. This provides a means of refining our understanding of basal ganglia function and to consider dysfunction within the new logical frameworks. } } @Article{Cooper00, author = {Richard Cooper and Tim Shallice}, title = {Contention scheduling and the control of routine activities}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, year = 2000, volume = 17, pages = {297--338} } @Article{GrazianoRev02, author = {Michael S. A. Graziano and Charlotte S. R. Taylor and Tirin Moore and Dylan F. Cooke}, title = {The Cortical Control of Movement Revisited}, journal = {Neuron}, volume = {36}, month = {October}, year = 2002, pages = {349--362}, annote = {Review article} } @Article{Graziano02, author = {Michael S. A. Graziano and Charlotte S. R. Taylor and Tirin Moore}, title = {Complex Movements Evoked by Microstimulation of Precentral Cortex}, journal = {Neuron}, volume = {34}, month = {May}, year = 2002, pages = {841--851}, annote = {probably what Graziano01 turned into.} } @Unpublished{Graziano01, author = {Michael S. A. Graziano and Charlotte S. R. Taylor and Tirin Moore}, title = {Brain Mechanisms for Monitoring and Controlling the Body}, note = {Personal communication}, month = {February}, year = 2001, annote = {by email of 14 Feb 2001, but really the stuff from the BCS talk about getting full gestures out of stimulating the motor and premotor cortecies} } @Article{Graziano00, author = {M. S. A. Graziano and S. Gandhi}, title = {Location of the polysensory zone in the precentral gyrus of anesthetized monkeys}, journal = {Experimental Brain Research}, year = 2000, volume = 135, number = 2, pages = {259--66}, month = {November}, annote = {Saw talk in BCS Feb 2001. Department of Psychology, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA. Neurons in the premotor cortex of macaques respond to tactile, visual and auditory stimuli. The distribution of these responses was studied in five anesthetized monkeys. In each monkey, multiunit activity was studied at a grid of locations across the precentral gyrus. A cluster of sites with polysensory responses was found posterior to the genu of the arcuate sulcus. Tactile and visual responses were represented in all five monkeys, while auditory responses were rarer and found in only two monkeys. This polysensory zone (PZ) was located in the caudal part of premotor cortex. It varied in extent among the monkeys. It was mainly ventral to the genu of the arcuate, in the dorsal and caudal part of the ventral premotor cortex (PMv). In some monkeys it extended more dorsally, into the caudal part of dorsal premotor cortex (PMd). Sensory responses were almost never found in the rostral part of PMd. We suggest that the polysensory zone may contribute to the guidance of movement on the basis of tactile, visual and auditory signals. } } @Article{Graziano99, author = {M. S. A. Graziano}, title = {Where is my arm? The relative role of vision and proprioception in the neuronal representation of limb position}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, {USA}}, year = 1999, volume = 96, number = 18, pages = {10418--21}, month = {August}, annote = { Saw talk in BCS Feb 5 2001 Psychology Department, Green Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1010, USA. Graziano@princeton.edu A central problem in motor control, in the representation of space, and in the perception of body schema is how the brain encodes the relative positions of body parts. According to psychophysical studies, this sense of limb position depends heavily on vision. However, almost nothing is currently known about how the brain uses vision to determine or represent the location of the arm or any other body part. The present experiment shows that the position of the arm is represented in the premotor cortex of the monkey (Macaca fascicularis) brain by means of a convergence of visual cues and proprioceptive cues onto the same neurons. These neurons respond to the felt position of the arm when the arm is covered from view. They also respond in a similar fashion to the seen position of a false arm. }} @Article{Graziano98, author = {M. S. A. Graziano and C. G. Gross}, title = {Spatial maps for the control of movement.}, journal = {Current Opinion in Neurobiology}, year = 1998, volume = 8, number = 2, pages = {195--201}, annote = { predecesor of long-stimulus work I saw 5 Feb 2001 in BCS Department of Psychology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544, USA. graziano@princeton.edu Neurons in the ventral premotor cortex of the monkey encode the locations of visual, tactile, auditory and remembered stimuli. Some of these neurons encode the locations of stimuli with respect to the arm, and may be useful for guiding movements of the arm. Others encode the locations of stimuli with respect to the head, and may be useful for guiding movements of the head. We suggest that a general principle of sensory-motor integration is that the space surrounding the body is represented in body-part-centered coordinates. That is, there are multiple coordinate systems used to guide movement, each one attached to a different part of the body. This and other recent evidence from both monkeys and humans suggest that the formation of spatial maps in the brain and the guidance of limb and body movements do not proceed in separate stages but are closely integrated in both the parietal and frontal lobes. } } @Article{Gould01, author = {Stephen Jay Gould}, title = {Genetic Good News: Complexity and Accidents}, journal = {The International Herald Tribune}, year = 2001, month = {February 20}, annote = { Published after the 30K gene thing came out "The collapse of the doctrine of one gene for one protein, and one direction of causal flow from basic codes to elaborate totality, marks the failure of reductionism for the complex system that we call biology - and for two major reasons. First, the key to complexity is not more genes but more combinations and interactions generated by fewer units of code - and many of these interactions (as emergent properties, to use the technical jargon) must be explained at the level of their appearance, for they cannot be predicted from the separate underlying parts alone. So organisms must be explained as organisms, and not as a summation of genes. Second, the unique contingencies of history, not the laws of physics, set many properties of complex biological systems."} } @Book{deWaal96GN, author = {de Waal, Frans B. M.}, title = {Good Natured: The origins of right and wrong in humans and other animals}, year = 1996, publisher = "Harvard University Press", address = "Cambridge, MA", annote = "The mind is not start out as a tabula rasa, but rather as a checklist with spaces allotted to particular types of incoming information. [p.35] " } @Book{deWaal01SM, author = {de Waal, Frans B. M.}, title = {The Ape and the Sushi Master: Cultural Reflections of a Primatologist}, year = 2001, publisher = "Basic Books", address = "Boulder, CO", annote = "social/automatic learning, saw talk at harvard (dinner) May 01" } @InCollection{Jepson96, author = "Allan D. Jepson and Whitman Richards and David Knill", title = "Modal Structure and Reliable Inference", publisher = "Cambridge University Press", pages = "pages 63-92", year = 1996, booktitle = {Perception as Bayesian Inference}, editor = {D. Knill and W. Richards}, annote = { ref from will, all about expectation informing perception} } @article{Hinton97, author = "Geoffrey E. Hinton and Zoubin Ghahramani", title = "Generative Models for Discovering Sparse Distributed Representations", journal = "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B", volume = "352", pages = "1177-1190", year = "1997", annote = {We describe a hierarchical, generative model that can be viewed as a non-linear generalization of factor analysis and can be implemented in a neural network. The model uses bottom-up, top-down and lateral connections to perform Bayesian perceptual inference correctly. Once perceptual inference has been performed the connection strengths can be updated using a very simple learning rule that only requires locally available information. We demon strate that the network learns to extract sparse, distributed, hierarchical representations} } @Article{Bechara95, author = {Antoine Bechara and Daniel Tranel and Hanna Damasio and Ralph Adolphs and Charles Rockland and Antonio R. Damasio}, title = {Double Dissociation of Conditioning and Declarative Knowledge Relative to the Amygdala and Hippocampus in Humans}, journal = {Science}, year = 1995, volume = 269, number = 5227, pages = {1115--1118}, month = {August 25}, annote = { Abstract A patient with selective bilateral damage to the amygdala did not acquire conditioned autonomic responses to visual or auditory stimuli but did acquire the declarative facts about which visual or auditory stimuli were paired with the unconditioned stimulus. By contrast, a patient with selective bilateral damage to the hippocampus failed to acquire the facts but did acquire the conditioning. Finally, a patient with bilateral damage to both amygdala and hippocampal formation acquired neither the conditioning nor the facts. These findings demonstrate a double dissociation of conditioning and declarative knowledge relative to the human amygdala and hippocampus. } } @Article{Bechara97, author = {Antoine Bechara and Hanna Damasio and Daniel Tranel and Antonio R. Damasio}, title = {Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy}, journal = {Science}, year = 1995, volume = 275, number = 5304, pages = {1293--1295}, month = {February 28}, annote = { Department of Neurology, Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Deciding advantageously in a complex situation is thought to require overt reasoning on declarative knowledge, namely, on facts pertaining to premises, options for action, and outcomes of actions that embody the pertinent previous experience. An alternative possibility was investigated: that overt reasoning is preceded by a nonconscious biasing step that uses neural systems other than those that support declarative knowledge. Normal participants and patients with prefrontal damage and decision-making defects performed a gambling task in which behavioral, psychophysiological, and self-account measures were obtained in parallel. Normals began to choose advantageously before they realized which strategy worked best, whereas prefrontal patients continued to choose disadvantageously even after they knew the correct strategy. Moreover, normals began to generate anticipatory skin conductance responses (SCRs) whenever they pondered a choice that turned out to be risky, before they knew explicitly that it was a risky choice, whereas patients never developed anticipatory SCRs, although some eventually realized which choices were risky. The results suggest that, in normal individuals, nonconscious biases guide behavior before conscious knowledge does. Without the help of such biases, overt knowledge may be insufficient to ensure advantageous behavior. }} @Article{Atkeson97, author = {Christopher G. Atkeson and Andrwe W. Moore and Stefan Schaal}, title = {Locally Weighted Learning for Control}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence Review}, year = 1997, volume = 11, pages = {75--113}, annote = { lots of maths, nice rundown of pros and cons of method (main con -- increased lookup with more data, seems solvable) working on juggling Lazy learning methods provide useful representations and training algorithms for learning about complex phenomena during autonomous adaptive control of complex systems. This paper surveys ways in which locally weighted learning, a type of lazy learning, has been applied by us to control tasks. We explain various forms that control tasks can take, and how this affects the choice of learning paradigm. The discussion section explores the interesting impact that explicitly remembering all previous experiences has on the problem of learning to control.} } @Article{Schaal94, author = {Stefan Schaal and Christopher G. Atkeson}, title = {Robot Juggling: An Implementation of Memory-based Learning}, journal = {Control Systems Magazine}, year = 1994, volume = 14, number = 1, pages = {57--71}, annote = { This paper explores issues involved in implementing robot learning for a challenging dynamic task, using a case study from robot juggling. We use a memory-based local modeling approach (locally weighted regression) to represent a learned model of the task to be performed. Statistical tests are given to examine the uncertainty of a model, to optimize its prediction quality, and to deal with noisy and corrupted data. We develop an exploration algorithm that explicitly deals with prediction accuracy requirements during exploration. Using all these ingredients in combination with methods from optimal control, our robot achieves fast real-time learning of the task within 40 to 100 trials.} } @inproceedings{professor_bill:crap, title = {Practical Reinforcement Learning in Continuous Spaces}, author = {William D. Smart and Leslie Pack Kaelbling}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-2000)}, pages = {903--910}, year = {2000}} @Article{Blodgett29, author = {H. C. Blodgett}, title = {The Effect of the Introduction of Reward upon the Maze Performance of Rats}, journal = {University of California Publications in Psychology}, year = 1929, volume = 4, pages = {113--134}, annote = {apparently in Tolman's lab, from \citep{Adams84}} } @Article{Tolman30, author = {E. C. Tolman and C. H. Honzik}, title = {Introduction and Removal of Reward, and the Maze Performance in Rats}, journal = {University of California Publications in Psychology}, year = 1930, volume = 4, pages = {257--275}, annote = {from \citep{Adams84}} } @Article{Tolman48, author = {E. C. Tolman}, title = {Cognitive Maps in Rats and Men}, journal = {Psychological Review}, year = 1948, volume = 55, pages = {189--208}, annote = {from \citep{Adams84}} } @Book{Tu99, author = {Xiaoyuan Tu}, title = {Artificial Animals for Computer Animation: Biomechanics, Locomotion, Perception and Behavior}, publisher = {Springer}, year = 1999, annote = {her PHD with Terzopoulos -- ACM award} } @Article{RETE, author = "Charles L. Forgy", title = "A Fast Algorithm for the Many Patterns Many Objects Match Problem", journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, year = 1982, volume = 19, number = 3, pages = {17--37} } @PhdThesis{Breazeal-PHD, author = {Cynthia Breazeal}, title = {Sociable Machines: Expressive Social Exchange Between Humans and Robots}, SCHOOL = {{MIT}, Department of {EECS}}, year = 2000 } @PhdThesis{Nakata-PHD, author = {Keiichi Nakata}, title = {A Causal Reasoning Approach to Behaviour-Oriented Design }, school = {University of Edinburgh, Department of Artificial Intelligence}, year = 1994, annote = {This thesis describes a basis for applying causal reasoning to the problem domain of design. Causal reasoning covers one of the fundamental aspects of reasoning humans perform when dealing with dynamic change. Such temporal features prevail in design problems which aim to provide artefacts based on some desired behaviour. This thesis first investigates causal reasoning to develop a language with expressiveness for representation and reasoning about change and for application to design. The second half of the thesis describes how this can be used for simple design tasks. The language for causal reasoning is based on the logic CI introduced by Yoav Shoham. CI is a nonmonotonic temporal logic for prediction, which prefers those models which are chronologically more ignorant, i.e., if changes were to take place they should happen as late as possible. It was presented as a method for dealing with frame problems. In this thesis, a framework for abduction is suggested for CI. It assumes that certain states persist not only forward, but also backward. This thesis argues that it is often the case that reasoning about the past events is in fact reasoning about the events between two or more time points. Problems of such nature are referred to as interpolation problems, and this thesis describes a way of dealing with this class of problems by bidirectional sweeping, which performs reasoning forwards and backwards over the time range. the outcome of this operation is a plausible sequence of events that took place in that time range. This method of causal reasoning is applied to design problems; by focusing on how devices work, we develop the motion of behaviour-oriented design which aims to achieve the desired behaviour of devices and their interactions with their surroundings. Essentially, the specification is provided as the sequences of events which are desired to happen by functioning of the device in a given environment. All the design knowledge invol [sic -- from DAI page. Now does VR community work.]} } @InProceedings{SteelsSAB94, author = {Luc Steels}, title = "A case study in the behavior-oriented design of autonomous agents", booktitle = {From Animals to Animats (SAB94)}, year = 1994, pages = {445--452}, editor = {Cliff, Dave and Husbands, Philip and Meyer, Jean-Arcady and Wilson, Stewart W.}, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, location = {Brighton, UK}, isbn = {0-262-53122-4}, annote = {"The paper documents a case study in the design and implementation of a robotic multi-agent system. It illustrates known design guidelines, namely that the physics of the environment must be exploited, that behavior is the result from the interaction dynamics between the agent and the environment, and that emergent behavior can and must be utilised whenever possible. But the case study also challenges certain views, such as the subsumption architecture, the need for an action selection mechanism, the goal-oriented design methodology dominating the literature on planning, and the algorithmic style of writing control programs. Alternatives are explored in the form of a cooperative, parallel,..." Actually, it's about his excellent "rat-lab"-like robot set up at VUB, (specifies each behavior, including explaining where the state is for the bumper turns) and it also is where he says you don't need either action selection *or* subsumption, you should just make all your behaviors cooperate. (Though he denies this elsewhere.) Anyway, this is what he says about behavior-oriented design "A behavior-oriented design starts by identifying desirable behaviors and then seeking the subset for which behavior systems need to be developed." p. 447 Also VUB AI-Memo 95-02. } } @InCollection{Arkin98Ecol, author = "R. C. Arkin and F. Cervantes-P'\{e}rez and A. Weitzenfeld", title = "Ecological Robotics: A Schema-Theoretic Approach", year = 1998, booktitle = {Intelligent Robots: Sensing, Modelling and Planning}, publisher = {World Scientific}, editor = {R. C. Bolles and H. Bunke and H. Noltemeier}, annote = {Schema Language) [34] follows a hierarchical model, enabling top-down and bottom-up designs, supported by a concurrent language permitting a distributed implementation, while integrating neural network processing. ASL's main characteristics are its dynamic and asynchronous nature, and the inclusion of dynamic schema assemblages as the basis for composition. Essentially a schema is a template from which many instances can be created, in a fashion similar to that of object-oriented systems. The behavioral description of a schema describes how an instance of that schema will behave in response to external communications. As action and perception progress, certain schema instances need no..." Major props. introduced by ASL are Delegation, wrapping, heterogeneity, encapsulation, and reusability. fluff paper, no results.} } @Book{LeDoux96, author = {Joseph {LeDoux}}, title = {The Emotional Brain : The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life}, publisher = {Simon and Schuster}, year = 1996, address = {New York} } @Manual{Xanalys, title = {Lispworks Professional Edition}, organization = {Xanalys}, address = {Waltham, MA}, edition = {4.1.18}, year = 1999, note = {(formerly Harlequin)} } @Manual{Xanalys01, title = {Lispworks Professional Edition 4.1.20}, author = {Xanalys}, address = {Waltham, MA}, year = 2001, note = {(formerly Harlequin)} } @Manual{RedHat01, title = {Linux 7.1}, author = {{Red~{H}at}}, address = {Raleigh, NC}, year = 2001, } @Manual{MS2000, title = {Windows 2000, Service Pack 2}, author = {Microsoft}, address = {Redmont, WA}, year = 2001, } @Article{Freedman58, author = {Daniel G. Freedman}, title = {Constitutional and environmental interactions in rearing of four breed of dogs}, journal = {Science}, year = 1958, volume = 127, number = {585--586}, annote = {Guy who lectured me at Chicago once -- the stuff about different dogs internalizing rules differently depending on both breed and rearing. Here's some more stuff to read about/by him --- "The volume Uniting Psychology and Biology is, first and foremost, an unabashed and unashamed homage to, and a Festschrift dedicated to, Dan Freedman, in honor of his unique scholarship. Dan Freedman is a brilliant and inquisitive mind, who pioneered and explored many novel areas of investigation: the genetics of dog behavior ("Constitutional and environmental interactions in rearing of four breed of dogs", Science , 127, 1958, 585-586), genetically based behavioral dispositions and motor patterns in human infants ("Smiling in blind infants and the issue of innate versus acquired", J. Child Psychol. & Psychiat., 5, 1964, 171-189), the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in the ontogeny of human (social) behavior (Human Infancy: An evolutionary perspective, Hillsdale: Erlbaum, 1974), observational studies of dominance hierarchies, evolutionary psychology, MZ and DZ twin studies, and human cultures. And, only four years after Edward Wilson's synthesis, Dan Freedman produced one of the first books on human sociobiology (Human sociobiology: A holistic approach, New York: Free Press, 1979), in which his propensity toward integration was already prominently present. (from a review by Johan M.G. van der Dennen (Center for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Groningen, the Netherlands))"}} @article{Smith80, author = "R. G. Smith", title = "The Contract Net Protocol: {H}igh-Level Communication and Control in a Distributed Problem Solver", journal = "IEEE Transactions on Computers", pages = "1104--1113", volume = "C-29", number = "12", year = "1980", annote = {work with Randy Davis} } @incollection{Sandholm99, author = "Tuomas W. Sandholm", title = "Distributed Rational Decision Making", pages = "201--259", publisher = "The MIT Press", year = 1999, booktitle = "Multiagent Systems", address = "Cambridge, Massachusetts", editor = "Gerhard Wei\ss" } @incollection{HuhnsMAS99, author = "Michael N. Huhns and Larry M. Stephens", title = "Multiagent Systems and Societies of Agents", pages = "79--120", publisher = "The MIT Press", year = 1999, booktitle = "Multiagent Systems", address = "Cambridge, Massachusetts", editor = "Gerhard Wei\ss" } @inproceedings{FaratinICMAS00, author = "P. Faratin and C. Sierra and N. R. Jennings", title = "Using Similarity Criteria to Make Negotiation Trade-Offs", booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference on Multiagent Systems (ICMAS-2000), Boston, MA.", year = "2000", pages = "119--126", } @article{Lesser98, author = "Victor R. Lesser", title = "{Reflections on the Nature of Multi-Agent Coordination and Its Implications for an Agent Architecture}", journal = "Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems", volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "89--111", year = "1998", annote = "ftp://ftp.cs.umass.edu/pub/lesser/lesser-jamma98.ps", } @Article{deWaal89, author = {de Waal, Frans B. M. and Lesleigh Luttrell}, title = {Toward a comparative socioecology of the genus {\em Macaca}: Different dominance styles in rhesus and stumptailed macaques}, journal = {American Journal of Primatology}, year = 1989, volume = 19, pages = {83--109}, annote = {From J. Flack} } @Article{deWaal93, author = {de Waal, Frans B. M. and Denise L. Johanowicz}, title = { Modification of reconciliation behavior through social experience: An experiment with two macaque species}, journal = {Child Development}, year = 1993, volume = 64, pages = {897--908}, annote = {From J. Flack} } @InCollection{Leigh99, author = {Leigh, Jr., Egbert Giles}, title = {Levels of Selection, Potential Conflicts, and Their Resolution: The Role of the "Common Good"}, booktitle = {Levels of Selection in Evolution}, pages = {15--30}, publisher = {Princeton University Press}, year = 1999, editor = {Laurent Keller}, address = {Princeton, NJ} } @InProceedings{Farber72, author = {D. J. Farber and K. C. Larson}, title = {The structure of the distributed computing system --- Software}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Symposium on Computer Communication Networks and Teletraffic}, year = 1972, editor = {J. Fox}, address = {Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, NY}, annote = {for area exam, something even older than contract net} } @Article{Vickrey61, author = {W. Vickrey}, title = {Counterspeculation, Auctions and Competitive Sealed Tenders}, journal = {Journal of Finance}, year = 1961, volume = 16, pages = {8--37}, annote = {for area exam -- sealed bid, highest bidder pays second highest bid} } @Article{Clarke71, author = {E. H. Clarke}, title = {Multipart Pricing of Public Goods}, journal = {Public Choice}, year = 1971, volume = 11, pages = {17--33}, annote = {for area exam -- tax voters who change the outcome of the vote with their weighted votes} } @InProceedings{Sandholm98, author = {Tuomas W. Sandholm and Kate Larson and Martin Andersson and Onn Shehory and Fernando Tohmé}, title = {Anytime Coalition Structure Generation with Worst Case Guarantees}, booktitle = {American Assocation of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI98)}, pages = {46--53}, address = {Madison, {WI}}, year = 1998, annote = {area exam -- includes his parallel enforcement algorithm for distributed search for coalitions} } @Article{Mason01, author = {Georgia J. Mason and J. Cooper and C. Clarebrough}, title = {Frustrations of fur-farmed mink}, journal = {Nature}, year = 2001, volume = 410, number = 6824, pages = {31-2,35-6}, month = {March}, annote = {Zoology Department, University of Oxford, UK. georgia.mason@zoology.oxford.ac.uk Read about in economist -- figured out what mattered by how heavy of a door a mink was willing to push to get at a resource. "Pleasure evolved to motivate cost-benefit decisions in the way that fear evolved to motivate animals to flee and hunger to keep them fed" --- the economist } } @Proceedings{Emot01, booktitle = {Emotional and Intelligent II: The Tangled Knot of Social Cognition}, year = 2001, editor = {Lola Dolores Ca{\~{n}}amero}, organization = {{AAAI} Fall Symposium}, note = {in preperation} } @inproceedings{tunstel97autonomous, author = "E. Tunstel and H. Danny and T. Lippincott and M. Jamshidi", title = "Autonomous navigation using an adaptive hierarchy of multiple fuzzy behaviors", booktitle = "Proc.\ of the {IEEE} Int. Sym. on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation", address = "Monterey, {CA}", year = "1997", url = "citeseer.nj.nec.com/tunstel97autonomous.html", annote = "got off citeseer, also cites luis95 as `convergant', haven't read" } @Book{Dennett87, author = "Daniel C. Dennett", year = "1987", title = "The Intentional Stance", publisher = "The {MIT} Press", address = "Massachusetts", } @incollection{Searle87, AUTHOR = {J. R. Searle}, TITLE = {Minds, Brains and Programs}, YEAR = 1987, BOOKTITLE = {Artificial Intelligence: The Case Against}, EDITOR = {R. Born}, PUBLISHER = {Croom Helm}, ADDRESS = {London}, PAGES = {18-40}, KEYWORDS = {phil, psych}, annote = "the chinese room thing. First appeared as a BBS article in 1980, but I don't have the full ref for that. In lots of collections, this one just had the funniest title."} @ARTICLE{Searle-bbs, author = {J. R. Searle}, title = {Minds, Brains and Programs}, journal = {Brain and Behavioral Sciences}, year = {1980}, volume = 3, pages = {417--424}, annote = {lots about modularity, exerpt from book by same name, usage of "competence" (def. not the first though)} } @TECHREPORT{Minsky79, AUTHOR = {Marvin Minsky}, TITLE = {K-Lines: A Theory of Memory}, INSTITUTION = MITAI, YEAR = {1979}, TYPE = MIT-AIM, NUMBER = {516}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}, MONTH = {June} } @Article{Elman93, author = {Jeffrey L. Elman}, title = {Learning and development in neural networks: The importance of starting small}, journal = {Cognition}, year = 1993, volume = 48, pages = {71--99} } @Article{Dempster77, author = "A. P. Dempster and N. M. Laird and D. B. Rubin", title = "Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the {EM} algorithm", journal = "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society series B", volume = "39", pages = "1--38", year = "1977", } @TechReport{McPhee97, author = {Kent McPhee}, title = {Design Theory and Software Design}, institution = {University of Alberta, Department of Computing Science}, year = 1997, number = {TR96--26}, month = {May}, annote = {Masters Thesis?, advisor is Duane Szafron. Pretty good review.} } @Article{Parnas86, author = "David Lorge Parnas and Paul C. Clements", title = "A Rational Design Process: How and Why to Fake It", journal = "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering", year = "1986", volume = "SE-12", number = "2", pages = "251--7", abstract = "Many have sought a software design process that allows a program to be derived systematically from a precise statement of requirements. It is proposed that, although designing a real product in that way will not be successful, it is possible to produce documentation that makes it appear that the software was designed by such a process. The ideal process and the documentation that it requires are described. The authors explain why one should attempt to design according to the ideal process and why one should produce the documentation that would have been produced by that process. The contents of each of the required documents are outlined (17 Refs.)", } @Article{Parnas86b, title = "Correction to ``{A} Rational Design Process: How and Why to Fake It''", author = "David Lorge Parnas and Paul C. Clements", pages = "874", journal = "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering", ISSN = "0098-5589", year = "1986", volume = "12", month = aug, number = "8", corrects = "\cite{1986:tse:parnas:a}", annote = "incomplete : JJB ????", } @Article{ParnasOOD, author = "David Lorge Parnas and Paul C. Clements and David M. Weiss", title = "The Modular Structure of Complex Systems", journal = "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering", month = mar, year = "1985", volume = "SE-11", number = "3", pages = "259--266", abstract = "A discussion is presented of the organization of software that is inherently complex because of the large number of arbitrary details that must be precisely right for the software to be correct. The authors show how the software design technique known as information hiding, or abstraction, can be supplemented by a hierarchically structured document, which is referred to as a module guide. The guide is intended to allow both designers and maintainers to identify easily the parts of the software that they must understand, without reading irrelevant details about other parts of the software. An extract from a software module guide to illustrate these proposals is included.", } @Article{Boehm86, author = "Barry W. Boehm", title = "A Spiral Model of Software Development and Enhancement.", journal = "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes", year = "1986", volume = "11", number = "4", pages = "22--32", month = aug, } @TechReport{Powell98, author = {Antony L. Powell}, title = {A Literature Review on the Quantification of Software Change}, institution = {University of York, Computer Science}, year = 1998, number = {{YCS}-305}, annote = {prob. a masters (goes up to '96) but pretty good. it covers ways of thinking about what happens to software, which seems dead useful for putting together computer systems. has journal articles on cyclic development too} } @Article{OptimizeLater, author = {Anonymous}, title = {Optimize Later}, journal = {Portland Pattern Repository}, year = 2001, month = {March 21}, note = {http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?OptimizeLater} } @Article{Amir00, author = {Eyal Amir}, title = {Object-Oriented First-Order Logic}, journal = {Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence}, year = 2000, annote = {? "in press" ? -- skipped over in talk on 25 May '01 at AI lab -- relates to his modular logic stuff.} } @InProceedings{Amir99, author = "Eyal Amir and Pedrito U. {Maynard-Reid, II}", title = "Logic-Based Subsumption Architecture", pages = "147--152", editor = "Dean Thomas", booktitle = "Proceedings of the $16^{th}$ International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence ({IJCAI}99)", month = jul, publisher = "Morgan Kaufmann Publishers", address = "S.F.", year = "1999", annote = "talk at MIT AIlab 25 May 01 -- the robot stuff, no auto-partitioning" } @InProceedings{McIlraith01, author = "Sheila McIlraith and Eyal Amir", title = "Theorem proving with structured theories", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence ({IJCAI}01)", year = 2001, address = "Seattle", PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann}, month = "August", annote = "the espresso example from the 25 May talk -- lots of proofs about completeness and whatnot. talks about minimizing local inference, but not partitioning" } @InProceedings{AmirAAAI00, author = "Eyal Amir", title = "{(De)Composition} of Situation Calculus Theories", pages = "456--463", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Conference on Artificial Intelligence ({AAAI}-00) and of the 12th Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence ({IAAI}-00)", month = jul, publisher = "AAAI Press", address = "Menlo Park, CA", year = "2000", } @Article{Amir, author = "Eyal Amir and Sheila McIlraith", title = {Partition-Based Logical Reasoning for First-Order and Propositional Theories}, journal = AIJ, year = {under consideration}, annote = {has the partitioning stuff in 25 May 01 talk} } @Book{Goddard98, author = {Taegan D. Goddard and Christopeher Riback}, title = {You Won --- Now What?}, publisher = {Scribner}, year = 1998, annote = {problems with govt. are often due to novices failing to learn how to do it before they try. For some reason, I have loads of publisher blurb which came with the book, including author's phone numbers. For some reason, I have filed this.} } @TechReport{Berneji00, author = {Hamid R. Berneji and David Vengerov}, title = {Learning, Cooperation, and Coordination in Multi-Agent Systems}, institution = {Intelligent Inference Systems Corp.}, year = 2000, number = {IIS-00-10}, month = {October}, annote = {has demo in tile world} } @InProceedings{Bra98, author = "M. S. Branicky", title = "Analyzing and Synthesizing Hybrid Control Systems", booktitle = "Lectures on Embedded Systems", editor = "G. Rozenberg and F. W. Vaandrager", year = "1998", month = oct, series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science", volume = "1494", publisher = "Springer-Verlag", pages = "74--113", } @InProceedings{Branicky94, author = "Michael S. Branicky and Vivek S. Borkar and Sanjoy K. Mitter", booktitle = "Proceedings of the $33^{rd}$ {IEEE} Conference on Decision Control", title = "A unified framework for hybrid control", address = "Lake Buena Vista, FL", month = "december", pages = "4228--4234", year = "1994", annote = "insane maths. hybrid being continuous & discrete" } @InProceedings{miller88c, author = "Gavin S. P. Miller", title = "The Motion Dynamics of Snakes and Worms", pages = "169--178", journal = "Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings)", volume = "22", number = "4", year = "1988", month = aug, editor = "John Dill", conference = "held in Atlanta, Georgia; 1-5 August 1988", keywords = "modeling, deformation, elasticity, dynamics, animation, simulation, locomotion, rendering, texture", } @InCollection{MacLennan92, author = "Bruce MacLennan", title = "Synthetic Ethology: An Approach to the Study of Communication", booktitle = "Artificial Life {II}", pages = "631--658", publisher = "Addison-Wesley", year = "1992", editor = "Christopher G. Langton and Charles Taylor and J. Doyne Farmer and Steen Rasmussen", address = "Redwood City, CA", annote = "widely cited usually disparagingly as an early simulation of language evolution (naming games) where the pressure to communicate is assumed / over structured in the simulation." } @Article{Fikes97, author = {Richard Fikes and Adam Farquhar}, title = {Large-Scale Repositories of Highly Expressive Reusable Knowledge}, journal = {{IEEE} Intelligent Systems}, year = 1997, volume = 14 } @Article{Farquhar97, author = "Adam Farquhar and Richard Fikes and James Rice", title = "The Ontolingua Server: {A} Tool for Collaborative Ontology Construction", journal = "International Journal of Human-Computer Studies", volume = "46", number = "6", pages = "707--727", year = "1997", copyright = "(c) Copyright 1997 Academic Press", mrnumber = "J.IJHCS.46.6.707", abstract = "Reusable ontologies are becoming increasingly important for tasks such as information integration, knowledge-level interoperation and knowledge-base development. We have developed a set of tools and services to support the process of achieving consensus on commonly shared ontologies by geographically distributed groups. These tools make use of the World Wide Web to enable wide access and provide users with the ability to publish, browse, create and edit ontologies stored on an ontology server. Users can quickly assemble a new ontology from a library of modules. We discuss how our system was constructed, how it exploits existing protocols and browsing tools, and our experience supporting hundreds of users. We describe applications using our tools to achieve consensus on ontologies and to integrate information. The Ontolingua Server may be accessed through the URL http://ontolingua.stanford.edu", } @techreport{Raibert81, author = "Marc Raibert and H. Benjamin Brown and Michael Chepponis and Eugene Hastings and Steven Shreve and Francis Wimberly", title = "Dynamically Stable Legged Locomotion", institution = "Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University", month = "November", year = "1981", number = "CMU-RI-TR-81-9", address = "Pittsburgh, PA" } @Book{Raibert86, author = {Marc. H. Raibert}, title = {Legged Robots That Balance}, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, year = 1986 } @article{Maja97, author = {Maja J. Matari\'{c}}, title = "Studying the Role of Embodiment in Cognition", journal = "In Cybernetics and Systems", volume = "28", number = "6", month = "July", note = "special issue on Epistemological Aspects of Embodied AI", pages = "457-470", year = "1997" } @Article{Billard00, author = {Aude Billard and Kerstin Dautenhahn}, title = {Experiments in social robotics: grounding and use of communication in autonomous agents}, journal = {Adaptive Behavior}, year = 2000, volume = 7, number = {3/4} } @InProceedings{Steels97, author = "Luc Steels and Paul Vogt", title = "Grounding adaptive language games in robotic agents", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Artificial Life ({ECAL}97)", editor = "C. Husbands and I. Harvey", publisher = mitpress, address = "London", year = 1997, annote = "summary of mobile robot language games" } @InProceedings{Maes94, author = "Pattie Maes and Trevor Darrell and Bruce Blumberg and Alexander Pentland", year = "1994", title = "{ALIVE}: {A}rtificial {L}ife {I}nteractive {V}ideo {E}nvironment", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94)", address = "Seattle, Washington", publisher = "AAAI Press", month = aug, annote = "pages? 1506" } @Article{MacDorman99, author = {Karl F. MacDorman}, title = {Grounding Symbols through Sensorimotor Integration}, journal = {Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan}, year = 1999, volume = 17, number = 1, annote = {nice stuff -- in 5 pages really explains how symbol grounding relates to BBAI and GOFAI, that neither is adequate (GOFAI is overly syntacticaly oriented which leads to the frame problem.)} } @Article{Harnad93, author = {Steve Harnad}, title = {Problems, problems: The frame problem as a symptom of the symbol grounding problem}, journal = {Psycholoquy}, year = 1993, volume = 4, number = 34, annote = {quoted in MacDorman99} } @Book{Gigerenzer99, editor = {Gerd Gigerenzer and Peter M. Todd}, title = {Simple Heuristics that Make Us Smart}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, year = 1999 } @ARTICLE{Todd-bbs, author = {Peter M. Todd and Gerd Gigerenzer}, title = {Simple heuristics that make us smart}, journal = {Brain and Behavioral Sciences}, year = {2000}, volume = 23, number = 5, pages = {727--741}, } @Book{Deacon97, author = {Terrence Deacon}, title = {The Symbolic Species: The co-evolution of language and the human brain }, publisher = {W. W. Norton \& Company}, year = 1997, address = {New York} } @Article{Whiten99Nature, author = {A. Whiten and J. Goodall and W. C. McGew and T. Nishida and V. Reynolds and Y. Sugiyama and C. E. G. Tutin and R. W. Wrangham and C. Boesch}, title = {Cultures in Chimpanzees}, journal = {Nature}, year = 1999, volume = 399, pages = {682--685} } @Book{Byrne88, editor = {Richard W. Byrne and Andrew Whiten}, title = {Machiavellian Intelligence: Social Expertise and the Evolution of Intellect in Monkeys, Apes and Humans}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, year = 1988 } @Book{Whiten97, editor = {Andrew Whiten and Richard W. Byrne}, title = {Machiavellian Intelligence {II}: Evaluations and Extensions}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, year = 1997 } @Article{Dunbar95, author = {Robin I. M. Dunbar}, title = {Neocortex size and group size in primates: A test of the hypothesis}, journal = {Journal of Human Evolution}, year = 1995, volume = 28, pages = {287--296} } @Book{Hatfield93, author = {Juliana Hatfield}, title = {Become What You Are}, publisher = {Atlantic Records}, year = 1993 } @Article{Landaueretal98, author = "T. K. Landauer and P. W. Foltz and D. Laham", title = "Introduction to {L}atent {S}emantic {A}nalysis", journal = "Discourse Processes", year = "1998", volume = "25", pages = "259--284", annote = "LSA", } @Article{LandauerDumais97, author = "T. K. Landauer and S. T. Dumais", title = "A solution to {P}lato's problem: the latent semantic analysis theory of induction and representation of knowledge", journal = "Psychological Review", year = "1997", volume = "104", pages = "211--240", annote = "PSY", } @InProceedings{McDonaldLowe98, author = "S. McDonald and W. Lowe", title = "Modelling functional priming and the associative boost", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society", editor = "M. A. Gernsbacher and S. D. Derry", year = "1998", publisher = "Lawrence Erlbaum Associates", address = "New Jersey", pages = "675--680", } @InProceedings{LevyBullinaria01, author = {Joseph P. Levy and John A. Bullinaria}, title = {Learning lexical properties from word usage patterns}, editor = "Robert M. French and Jacques Sougn\'{e}", booktitle = {Connectionist Models of Learning Development and Evolution: Proceedings of the $6^{th}$ Neural Computation and Psychology Works hop}, year = 2001, pages = {273--282}, publisher = {Springer} } @PhdThesis{Finch93, author = "S. Finch", title = "Finding Structure in Language", school = "Centre for Cognitive Science, University of Edinburgh", year = "1993", annote = "NET STAT", } @Book{Landau85, author = {Barbara Landau and Lila R. Gleitman}, title = {Language and experience: Evidence from the blind child.}, publisher = {Harvard University Press}, year = 1985, address = {Cambridge, {MA}} } @Book{blindness, author = {Bryan Magee and Martin Milligan}, title = {On Blindness : Letters Between Bryan Magee and Martin Milligan}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, year = 1995 } @Book{Jurafsky00, author = "Daniel Jurafsky and James H. Martin", title = "Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition", publisher = "Prentice Hall", year = "2000", address = "Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey", ISBN = "0130950696", } @Article{Donnai00, author = {Williams syndrome: From genotype through to the cognitive phenotype}, title = {Dian Donnai and Annette Karmiloff-Smith}, journal = {American Journal of Medical Genetics}, year = 2000, volume = 97, number = 2, pages = {164--171}, annote = "A KS talk Will and I saw at Harvard in early 2001 or late 2000" } @InProceedings{Lowe97, author = "Will Lowe", title = "Semantic representation and priming in a self-organizing lexicon", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop: Connectionist Representations ({NCPW}4)", year = "1997", publisher = "Springer-Verlag", address = "London", pages = "227--239", editor = "J. A. Bullinaria and D. W. Glasspool and G. Houghton", } @Article{Moss95, author = "H. E. Moss and R. K. Ostrin and L. K. Tyler and W. D. {Marslen-W}ilson", title = "Accessing different types of lexical semantic information: Evidence from priming", journal = "Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition", volume = "21", year = "1995", pages = "863--883", annote = "PSY", } @Book{Kohonen95, author = "T. Kohonen", title = "Self-organizing maps", publisher = "Springer", year = "1995", address = "Berlin", annote = "The latest one. Nice bibliography of SOM apps" } @TechReport{Baumgartner-Laeufer-Russo96, key = "Baumgartner \7 L{\"a}ufer \& Russo", author = "Gerald Baumgartner and Konstantin L{\"a}ufer and Vincent F. Russo", title = "On the Interaction of Object-Oriented Design Patterns and Programming Languages", year = "1998", month = feb, number = "CSD-TR-96-020", institution = "Department of Computer Science, Purdue University", annote = "42 references.", } @Book{Gamma95, author = "Erich Gamma and Richard Helm and Ralph Johnson and John Vlissides", title = "Design Patterns", publisher = "Addison Wesley", address = "Reading, MA", year = "1995", keywords = "olit-oose design-patterns reuse book scglib sclit", ISBN = "0-201-63361-2-(3)", } @Article{Baldwin, author = "J. Mark Baldwin", title = "A new factor in evolution", journal = "The {A}merican {N}aturalist", year = "1896", volume = "30", pages = "441--451", annote = "reprint in: {A}daptive {I}ndividual in {E}volving {P}opulations: {M}odels and {A}lgorithms, R. K. Belew and M. Mitchell (eds.), 1996, pp. 59--80, Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.", } @Book{Belew96, editor = {Richard K. Belew and Melanie Mitchell}, title = {Adaptive Individuals in Evolving Populations: Models and Algorithms}, publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, year = 1996, volume = {XXVI}, series = {Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity}, address = {Reading, MA}, annote = {reprints Baldwin, Hinton, Skinner plus some new work} } @TechReport{Hickman01, author = {James J. Hickman and Frederica Darema and W. Richard Adrion}, title = {{NSF} Report of the Workshop on: Biological Computation: How does biology do information technology?}, institution = {National Science Foundation}, year = 2001, month = {April 12}, annote = {http://www.cise.nsf.gov/eia/bio_comp_wrkshp/index.html} } @Unpublished{Brown98, author = {Jeremy Hanford Brown}, title = {Exploring the Role of Software in Multiprocessor Shared Memory Management}, note = {Area Exam}, month = {November}, year = 1998 } @Article{Schweighofer98I, author = {Nicolas Schweighofer and Michael A. Arbib and Mitsuo Kawato}, title = {Role of the cerebellum in reaching movements in Humans. I. Distributed inverse dynamics control}, journal = {European Journal of Neuroscience}, year = 1998, volume = 10, number = {86--94} } @Article{Schweighofer98II, author = {Nicolas Schweighofer and Jacob Spoelstra and Michael A. Arbib and Mitsuo Kawato}, title = {Role of the cerebellum in reaching movements in Humans. II. A neural model of the intermediate cerebellum}, journal = {European Journal of Neuroscience}, year = 1998, volume = 10, number = {95--105} } @Article{Grosz99, author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Luke Hunsberger and Sarit Kraus}, title = {Planning and Acting Together}, journal = {{AI} Magazine}, year = 1999, month = {Winter}, annote = {SHAREDPLANS model of collaborative planning} } @inproceedings{Ryall97, author = "Kathy Ryall and Joe Marks and Stuart M. Shieber", title = "An Interactive Constraint-Based System for Drawing Graphs", booktitle = "{ACM} Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology", pages = "97-104", year = "1997", annote = {GLIDE system -- job I turned down} } @Article{Amir01, author = {Eyal Amir}, title = {Object-Oriented First-Order Logic}, journal = {Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence}, year = 2001, note = {in press}, annote = {how can electronic journals be in press?} } @Article{Sallach00, author = {David L. Sallach}, title = {Classical Social Processes: Attractor and Computational models}, journal = {Journal of Mathematical Sociology}, year = 2000, volume = 24, number = 4, pages = {245--272}, annote = {lots of great references relating social theory and agent modeling} } @Article{Sallach01, author = {David L. Sallach}, title = {Complex Motives in Agent Simulation: Proximity Attactors and their Design}, journal = {Journal of Mathematical Sociology}, year = 2001, annote = {lots of great references relating social theory and agent modeling} } @Article{deWaal00share, author = {de Waal, Frans B. M. and Michelle L. Berger}, title = {Payment for Labour in Monkeys}, journal = {Nature}, year = 2000, volume = 404, pages = 563, month = {6 April}, annote = {Capuchins will volutarily share treats with other monkeys that helped to secure them. One possible expl. "attitudinal reciprocity" -- they like monkeys more than help them, so are more likely to do "facilitated taking" (dropping food within reach of partner)} } @InProceedings{Ingrand93, author = {François Félix Ingrand and Vianney Coutance}, title = {Procedural Reasoning versus Blackboard Architecture for Real-Time Reasoning }, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, year = 1993, address = {Avignon} } @InProceedings{Cassandra96, author = "Anthony R. Cassandra and Leslie Pack Kaelbling and James A. Kurien", title = "Acting under uncertainty: {D}iscrete Bayesian models for mobile robot navigation", booktitle = "Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems", year = "1996", } @Misc{Calvin92, author = {William H. Calvin}, title = {Cerebral codes and Darwinian processes emerge from hexagonal mosaics in the brain}, howpublished = {got it from Dan Dennett}, month = {Dec}, year = 1992, annote = {Prob wound up in "the cerebral code"} } @Article{HauserCON99, author = {Marc D. Hauser}, title = {Perseveration, inhibition and the prefrontal cortex: {A} new look}, journal = {Current Opinion in Neurobiology}, year = 1999, volume = 9, pages = {214--222}, annote = {reviews his monkey models of Diamond's box task, monkeys learning pulling, monkeys doing Boysen's chimp counting task. See notes in June 2001 notebook.} } @Book{Hauser96, author = {Marc D. Hauser}, title = {The Evolution of Communication}, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, year = 1996 } @Book{Hauser00, author = {Marc D. Hauser}, title = {Wild Minds: What Animals Really Think}, publisher = {Henry Holt and Company}, year = 2000 } @Article{Diamond90, author = {Adele Diamond}, title = {Developmental Time Course in Human Infants and Infant Monkeys, and the Neural Bases of Higher Cognitive Functions}, journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, year = 1990, volume = 608, pages = {637--676} } @Article{VRIVA00, journal = {Virtual Reality}, publisher= {Springer}, volume=5, number={2}, year = 2000, author = {Daniel Ballin}, title = {Special Issue: Intelligent Virtual Agents} } @Unpublished{Pauls-UG, author = {Jackson Pauls}, title = {Pigs and People}, year = 2001, note = {{\em in preperation}} } @InProceedings{anytime, author = "Thomas Dean and Mark Boddy", title = "An Analysis of Time-Dependent Planning", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-88)", year = "1988", address = "Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA", month = aug, publisher = "AAAI Press/MIT Press", ISBN = "0-262-51055-3", keywords = "Planning", pages = "49--54", } @ARTICLE{Cowan-bbs, author = {Nelson Cowan}, title = {The Magical Number 4 in Short-Term Memory: {A} Reconsideration of Mental Storage Capacity}, journal = {Brain and Behavioral Sciences}, year = {2001}, volume = 24, number = 1, pages = {87--114}, } @InCollection{WooldridgeAOSE00, author = "Michael J. Wooldridge and Paolo Ciancarini", editor = "Paolo Ciancarini and Michael J. Wooldridge", title = "{Agent-Oriented Software Engineering: The State of the Art}", booktitle = "First International Workshop on Agent-Oriented Software Engineering", publisher = "Springer", address = {Berlin}, year = "2001", pages = "1--28", series = "{LNCS}", volume = "1957", annote = "agents, formal methods, mine (his?)", } @Book{AOSE00, editor = "Paolo Ciancarini and Michael J. Wooldridge", title = "First International Workshop on Agent-Oriented Software Engineering", publisher = "Springer", address = {Berlin}, year = "2001", series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science", volume = "1957", } @InProceedings{McIlraithGolog01, author = {Sheila McIlraith and Tran Cao Son}, title = {Adapting Golog for Programming in the Semantic Web}, booktitle = {Fifth International Symposium on Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning}, pages = {195--202}, year = 2001, note = {in press}, annote = {doesn't sound archival yet...} } @Article{ConGolog00, author = "Giuseppe De Giacomo and Yves L\'esperance and Hector J. Levesque", title = "{C}on{G}olog, {A} Concurrent Programming Language based on Situation Calculus", journal = "Artificial Intelligence", year = "2000", volume = "121", number = "1--2", pages = "109--169", topic = "Golog;situation-calculus;concurrency;cognitive-robotics;", } @Article{HauserCognition97, author = {Marc D. Hauser}, title = {Artifactual Kinds and Functional Design Features: {W}hat a Primate Understands without Language}, journal = {Cognition}, year = 1997, volume = 64, pages = {285--308}, annote = {four tools experiments, relatively early, slightly unrelated discussion about understanding artificial / tool oriented kinds} } @Article{Mendres00, author = {Kimberly A. Mendres and de Waal, Frans B. M.}, title = {Capuchins do Cooperate: {T}he Advantage of an Intuitive Task}, journal = {Animal Behavior}, year = 2000, volume = 60, number = 4, pages = {523--529}, annote = {Full report of \citep{deWaal00share} -- importance of looking, contradicts another finding that they don't cooperate intentionally, but in that case it wasn't clear that they were both tugging on a related object.} } @Article{Hauser??, author = {Marc D. Hauser and Daniel Weiss and Gary Marcus}, title = {Rule Learning by {C}otton-{T}op {T}amarins}, journal = {}, year = {}, OPTkey = {}, OPTvolume = {}, OPTnumber = {}, OPTmonth = {}, OPTpages = {}, OPTnote = {}, OPTannote = {replicate Marcus et al 1999 about dishabituating when patterns shift in phonemes (beyond phoneme change) eg ABB -> ABB} } @Article{Adolphs99, author = {Ralph Adolphs}, title = {Social Cognition and the Human Brain}, journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences}, year = 1999, volume = 3, number = 12, pages = {469--479}, annote = {rather sloppy review of social cognition, emphasizing amygdala, ventromedial frontal cortices and right somatosensory-related cortex. Some interesting references including Heberlein 1998 on ascribing social meaning to circles and triangles, and his own work on logical vs. social reasoning with VMFC damage -- patients seem to do better on strictly logic but much worse on social reasoning than controls} } @Article{BodyArea01, author = {Paul E. Downing and Yuhong Jiang and Miles Shuman and Nancy Kanwisher}, title = {A Cortical Area Selective for Visual Processing of the Human Body}, journal = {Science}, year = 2001, volume = 293, month = {28 September}, pages = {2470--2472}, annote = {found visual cortex area that responds pref. to bodies -- may also be sig. that they *only* found bodies, looked for many other possible things (faces already known.)} } @Article{Kanwisher01, author = {Paul E. Downing and Jia Liu and Nancy Kanwisher}, title = {Testing Cognitive Models of Visual Attention with fMRI and MEG}, journal = {Neuropsychologia}, year = 2001, volume = 39, pages = {1329--1342}, annote = {talks about face and place areas} } @Article{robotWTC01, author = {Bijal P. Trivedi}, title = {Search-and-Rescue Robots Tested at New York Disaster Site}, journal = {National Geographic Today}, year = 2001, month = {September 14}, annote = {Three experimental robots, each about the size of a shoebox, are being used to search for victims in the mountain of rubble that was once the World Trade Center in New York City. Researcher Robin Murphy and three of her graduate students have been clambering over the jagged piles of debris-- powdered concrete and twisted steel -- with the camera-carrying robots, lowering them into voids that are inaccessible to people, dogs, and other cameras involved in the search for bodies. "So far the robots haven't found a survivor," said engineering professor Robin Murphy of the University of South Florida, who is developing the robots specifically for urban search and rescue missions. "We've only seen body parts and bloody splotches," said Murphy. "At this point we don't have much hope. We are trying to find remains so that they can be handled with dignity." Urgent Response All of the robots have microphones to detect voices or other sounds of possible human presence within the ruins. Some of the robots carry thermal cameras that can detect body heat; others have cameras that search for colors distinctive from the gray dust that has blanketed the debris. "Everything is gray and computers are really good at looking for color," said Murphy. "A tiny dot of red, whether it is fabric or blood, can be easily identified and used to alert a rescue team." Murphy said that in most cases, rescue workers need to retrieve victims within about 48 hours. "After that it is pretty much a recovery mission," she said. In this disaster, she added, many hours passed before large numbers of human rescuers were able to begin searching for victims. for colors distinctive from the gray dust that has blanketed the debris. "Everything is gray and computers are really good at looking for color," said Murphy. "A tiny dot of red, whether it is fabric or blood, can be easily identified and used to alert a rescue team." Murphy said that in most cases, rescue workers need to retrieve victims within about 48 hours. "After that it is pretty much a recovery mission," she said. In this disaster, she added, many hours passed before large numbers of human rescuers were able to begin searching for victims. just hours after word of the attacks in New York City, they carried about eight different robot models with them. The researchers found that most of the robots were not yet sophisticated enough to roam the rubble. Some were too big and heavy to maneuver the terrain. The "hot zone" of the rubble is in vertical piles, which the robots are not capable of climbing, Murphy noted. In this disaster, officials have found that even dogs trained for search and rescue have not been able to climb across much of the debris, and the dust-laden air has diminished the dogs' keen sense of smell. The experimental robots that did prove useful in New York look like mini-tanks with treads. Using a device similar to a joystick, Murphy can direct the small machines to wiggle, crawl, and travel into voids as deep as 30 feet (10 meters). Murphy said the experimental robots have had "no real impact" on the rescue mission in part because there are so few of them. "It's like one guy showing up to a construction site with six nail guns. You needeverybody to have a nail gun to make an impact," she said. "This is truly like finding needles in a haystack." } } @InCollection{Rizzolatti00, author = {Giacomo Rizzolatti and Leonardo Fogassi and Vittorio Gallese}, title = {Cortical Mechanisms Subserving Object Grasping and Action Recognition: {A} New View on the Cortical Motor Functions}, booktitle = {The New Cognitive Neurosciences}, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, year = 2000, editor = {M. S. Gazzaniga}, chapter = 38, edition = {Second}, pages = {538--552}, annote = {mirror neurons -- that they operate at lots of different levels of abstraction (but doesn't mention relevant Tanji) and that they fire when observing others. Limited claims about imitation.} } @Book{Tomasello97, author = {Michael Tomasello and Josep Call}, title = {Primate Cognition}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, year = 1997, annote = {Have read chapter 9 for Carey & Spelke. Hard and almost fair. misreports some (other people's) results, but admits to some things. Nicely written.} } @Article{Fodor92, author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, title = {A theory of the child's theory of mind}, journal = {Cognition}, year = 1992, volume = 44, pages = {283--296}, annote = {Proposes nativist account that children have two rules "agents act to their best advantage" and that they do _to the best of their knowledge_. As they get older, they get more computational resources so can switch to the latter hypothesis in more cases. Describes a lot of relevant experiments this explains (e.g. 3 yr olds explaining correctly why doll looks at old location for target), proposes new experiments which apparently none of them turned out right (he doesn't say that though, S. Carey said that.)} } @InCollection{Leslie94, author = {Alan M. Leslie}, title = {{ToMM}, {ToBy}, and {A}gency: {C}ore architecture and domain specificity}, booktitle = {Mapping the mind: Domain specificity in cognition and culture}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, year = 1994, editor = {Lawrence A. Hirschfeld and Susan A. Gelman}, chapter = 38, edition = 2, pages = {119--148}, annote = {Theories of objects vs. theories of agency mostly.} } @Article{Moscovitch97, author = {Morris Moscovitch and Gordon Winocur and Marlene Behrman}, title = {What is special about face recognition? Nineteen experiments on a person with visual object agnosia and dyslexia but normal face recognition.}, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, year = 1997, volume = 9, number = 5, pages = {555--604}, annote = {The case of CK -- can't tell his toy soldiers apart either} } @Article{Tanaka93, author = {James W. Tanaka and Martha J. Farah}, title = {Parts and wholes in face recognition}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology}, year = 1993, volume = {46A}, number = 2, pages = {225--245}, annote = {can't rec. famous faces if stuck straight together (despite conspic. alignment boundary) but can if slightly misaligned. -> wholistic face module, can't turn off} } @Article{Lapata01, author = {Lapata, Maria and Frank Keller and Schulte im Walde, Sabine}, title = {Verb Frame Frequency as a Predictor of Verb Bias}, journal = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research}, year = 2001, volume = 30, number = 4, pages = {419--435} } @Article{FrenchTuring00, author = {Robert M. French}, title = {Peeking Behind the Screen: The Unsuspected Power of the Standard Turing Test}, journal = {Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence}, year = 2000, volume = 12, pages = {331--340} } @Article{Crair99, author = {Michael C. Crair}, title = {Neuronal Activity during Development: Permissive or Instructive?}, journal = {Current Opionion in Neurobiology}, year = 1999, volume = 9, pages = {88--93}, annote = {Sloppy arguments, but reviews the lit on the gradient of nativism vs. experience driven stuff for neural organization.} } @Article{Maurer02, author = {Daphne Maurer and Terri L. Lewis}, title = {Visual Acuity: The Role of Visual Input in Inducing Postnatal Change}, journal = {Clinical Neuroscience Resewarch}, year = {in press}, annote = {Amazing stuff about kids born blind w/ cataracs and the long term impact. Never get full accuity back on fine grain stuff, with even a few days of loss. Importance of exercise for lazy eye stuff too -- interesting for how visual maps form. Some stuff seems to contradict current NN models.} } @InProceedings{Ware01, author = {Robert Bruce Ware and Enver Kisriev and Werner J. Patzelt and Ute Roericht}, title = {Ethnicity and Democracy in Dagestan}, booktitle = {Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association}, year = 2001, annote = {not sure this is really a book. Saw talk at APSA. Abstract: "Few staters would appear to be better candidates for ethnic civil war than Russia's southernmost Republic of Dagestan. Yet despite extreme social and economic pressures uponi its 34 ethno-linguistic groups, Dagestan has not succumbed to the sustained conflict that has plagued all of its neighboring Caucasiona states... This paper presents survey & intrview data suggestig that Dagestan has been saved by its very diversity and particularly by a distinctive multiethnic identity. However, thse factors have not yet proven sufficient for the colsoidation of democratic praticies, and Dagestan faces new threats from Islamic fundamentalism., from Russian centralization, and from instability in neighboring Chechnya"} } @Unpublished{Nilsson01, author = {Nils J. Nilsson}, title = {Teleo-Reactive Programs and the Triple-Tower Architecture}, note = {"memo in progress", derived from his 1998 book.}, month = {January}, year = 2001, annote = {there's a newer October version I had (a little!) impact on. Points out you can divide action to "perceptual tower", "model tower" and "action tower" -- though the actual program is a continuous typical TR/POSH program, there are definite different characteristics, both temporal & perceptual. But like my arch., there's no real attempt to enforce these differences e.g. through types. I think he's recommending them more like a methodological suggestion. Maybe this indicates that there aren't really discrete sets, but rather its sort of trimodal.} } @InProceedings{Lunch01, author = {Bill Lunch}, title = {The Christian Right in the Northwest}, booktitle = {Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association}, year = 2001, annote = {not sure this is really a book. Saw talk at APSA. Part of an awesome panel of people from all different states, will be a book. Look it up!} } @InProceedings{Greer01, author = {Jennifer Greer and Mark LaPointe}, title = {Cyber-campaigning grows up: A comparative content analysis of senatorial and gubernatorial candidates' Web sites, 1998--2000}, booktitle = {Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association}, year = 2001, annote = {not sure this is really a book. Saw talk at APSA. } } @InProceedings{Cox01, author = {Terry Cox and Laszlo Vass}, title = {Is the Transition Over? Democratic Consolidation and Interest Politics in Hungary}, booktitle = {Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association}, year = 2001, annote = {not sure this is really a book. Saw talk at APSA. } } @Article{Hommel-bbs, author = {Bernhard Hommel and Jochen M"\{u}sseler and Gisa Aschersleben and Wolfgang Prinz}, title = {The Theory of Event Coding ({TEC}): A Framework for Perceptoin and Action Planning}, journal = {Brain and Behavioral Sciences}, year = {2001}, volume = 24, number = 5, month = {October}, pages = {849--937}, annote = {senses and actions are the same. reviewed before I knew enough about "object files"} } @Misc{primate-lab, author = {Harvard Medical Area: Center for Animal Resources and Compartaitive Medicine}, title = {Standard Opertating Procuedures for Working with Laboratory Priamtes}, month = {July}, year = 2001, annote = {handed out at Hauser lab meeting} } @Unpublished{Koller01, author = {Daphne Koller}, title = {Representation, Reasoning, Learning}, note = {IJCAI Computers and Thought Award talk}, month = {August}, year = 2001, annote = {Not in proceedings, not on her web page except as annotated slides.} } @Article{McIlraithIEEE01, author = {Sheila A. Mc{I}lraith and Tran Cao Son and Honglei Zeng}, title = {Semantic Web Services}, journal = {{IEEE} Intelligent Systems}, year = 2001, volume = 16, number = 2, pages = {46--53} } @Article{semantic-web01, author = {Tim Berners-Lee and James Hendler and Ora Lassila}, title = {The Semantic Web}, journal = {Scientific American}, year = 2001, volume = 282, number = 5, annote = {motivational fluff -- the September 01 letter to the editors about why didn't they mention fuzzy logic is great though} } @InProceedings{DAML-S01, author = {Anupriya Ankolekar and Mark Burstein and Jerry R. Hobbs and Ora Lassila and David L. Martin and Sheila A. McIlraith and Srini Narayanan and Massimo Paolucci and Terry Payne and Katia Sycara and Honglei Zeng}, title = {{DAML-S}: Semantic Markup For Web Services}, booktitle = {The Proceedings of the First Semantic Web Working Symposium (SWWS '01)}, editor = {Isabel F. Cruz and Stefan Decker and J\'{e}r\^{o}me Euzenat and Deborah McGuiness}, pages = {411--430}, year = 2001, address = {Stanford}, month = {July}, note = {The {DAML} Services Coalition}, annote = {Nicer version of the web document} } @Proceedings{SWWS01, title = {The Proceedings of the First Semantic Web Working Symposium (SWWS '01)}, editor = {Isabel F. Cruz and Stefan Decker and J\'{e}r\^{o}me Euzenat and Deborah McGuiness}, year = 2001, address = {Stanford}, month = {July}, } @InProceedings{Dumas01, author = {Marlon Dumas and Justin O'Sullivan and Mitra Heravizadeh and David Edmond and ter Hofstede, Arthur}, title = {Towards a Semantic Framework for Service Description}, booktitle = {In Proceedings of the {IFIP} Conference on Database Semantics}, year = 2001, address = {Hong Kong}, month = {April}, publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, annote = {http://redcone.gbst.com/publications/ds01_dumas.pdf} } @Article{WhitenOnt, author = {Andrew Whiten}, title = {The Dissection of Socially Mediated Learning}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B}, year = {forthcoming}, annote = {update of Whiten & Ham, imitation decomposition} } @Article{Wang00, author = {Ranxiao Frances Wang and Elizabeth S. Spelke}, title = {Updating Egocentric Representations in Human Navigation}, journal = {Cognition}, year = 2000, volume = 77, pages = {215--250}, annote = {humans use egocentric, not allocentric reps of locations, demonstrated by disorienting them, not only lose location of objects, but relative location. So much for cognitive maps that are strict functions from the real worlds (e.g. Gallistel) } } @Article{Gallistel89, author = {C. R. Gallistel}, title = {Animal cognition: the representation of space, time and number}, journal = {Annual Review of Psychology}, year = 1989, volume = 40, pages = {155--189}, annote = {Defines representation as "functional isomorphism" between environment and the brain. Thus a cognitive map must be topographic in some sense. (Spelke/Kanwisher)} } @Article{Coltheart99, author = {Max Coltheart}, title = {Modularity and Cognition}, journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences}, year = 1999, volume = 3, number = 3, pages = {115--120}, annote = {very nice little review -- says many people (including Kanwisher) make the mistake of thinking Fodor gives reqs for modularity, where in fact he just suggests possible attributes. Coltheart thinks domain specificity is the only necessary attribute. Cites Marr on importance of modularity, D. Bishop for saying that modularity doesn't really happen until you are an adult for language. (See also notes in Fodor-MOM from here). Most important thing is info encapsulation for speeding input. Modules only encapsulated from beliefs, desires and utilities. Coltheart cares about processing modules, not knowledge modules, though the former often contain the latter.} } @Article{Flombaum02, author = {Jonathan I. Flombaum and Laurie R. Santos and Marc D. Hauser}, title = {Neuroecology and psychological modularity}, journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences}, volume = 6, number = 3, pages = {106--108}, year = 2002, annote = { originally "Fodorian Bird Brains: A Critique of Bolhuis and Macphail (2001)" great def of modularity: "Modularity is the thesis that the mind contains independent input systems that, when engaged, are restricted in the types of information that they can consult". good on domain spec. too: "represents a finite computational problem space in which a given system operates. Thus, a domain-specific mechanism becomes engaged only when faced with particular types of problems, and it operates by picking out certain relevant features, rejecting others, and using specialized learning mechanisms"} } @Article{Bolhuis01, author = {Johna J. Bolhuis and Euan M. Macphail}, title = {A critique of the neuroecology of learning and memory}, journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences}, volume = 5, number = 10, pages = {426--433}, year = 2002, annote = { doesn't believe in modularity of memory -- illustrates with current bird work. weird / poor arguments, addressed by Flombuam02} } @InCollection{Spelke95, author = {Elizabeth S. Spelke and Peter Vishton and von Hofsten, Claes}, title = {Object Perception, Object-directed Action and Physical Knowledge in Infancy}, chapter = 10, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, booktitle = {The Cognitive Neurosciencses}, year = 1995, editor = {Michael S. Gazzaniga}, annote = {Liz said in modularity class that this was the summary of the state of the art before they united this work with other categorization (?) work and everything got more complicated.} } @Article{Deutsch00, author = {David Deutsch and Artur Ekert and Rossella Lupacchini}, title = {Machines, Logic and Quantum Physics}, journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, year = 2000, volume = 6, number = 3, pages = {265--283}, month = {Sept}, annote = {I have the math archives draft from 1999. Abstract from that: " Abstract: Though the truths of logic and pure mathematics are objective and independent of any contingent facts or laws of nature, our knowledge of these truths depends entirely on our knowledge of the laws of physics. Recent progress in the quantum theory of computation has provided practical instances of this, and forces us to abandon the classical view that computation, and hence mathematical proof, are purely logical notions independent of that of computation as a physical process. Henceforward, a proof must be regarded not as an abstract object or process but as a physical process, a species of computation, whose scope and reliability depend on our knowledge of the physics of the computer concerned." Philosophy is questionable, but has great example of new ways of thinking. Quantum computing might be more bioplaus in that its parallel (though more thoroughly parallel.) Nice intro to QC, square-root-of-not gates.} } @Article{Broder00, author = {Arndt Bröder}, title = {Assessing the empirical validity of the "Take The Best"-heuristic as a model of human probabilistic inference}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition}, year = 2000, volume = 26, pages = {1332--1346}, annote = {perhaps supports BRPs? Read this (from Todd&Gigerenzer-bbs)} } @Unpublished{Lages, author = {Martin Lages and Ulrich Hoffrage and Gerd Gigerenzer}, title = {Intransitivity of fast and frugal heuristics}, note = {in prep}, annote = {"How to derive and predict intransitivities from fast and frugal heuristics, such as Take The Best, Minimalist, and Take The Last? It is specified in analytical terms under which conditions these lexicographic heuristics generate intransitivities. On the basis of the analytical results a simulation study was conducted that investigates how limited discriminability and randomness affect transitivity when the amount of missing information is varied in a naturally structured environment. It has long been known that transitivity and even weak stochastic transitivity is violated in human choice behavior. These results together with the present findings demand an explanation that goes beyond the concept of randomness and discriminability as preferred in classical models of rational choice. It is concluded that fast and frugal heuristics offer such an explanation." -- cited in T&G-bbs} } @InProceedings{Gordon00, author = {Diana Gordon}, title = {{APT} Agents: Agents that are adaptive, predictable, and timely}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Goddard Workshop on Formal Approaches to Agent-Based Systems ({FAABS}'00)}, year = 2000, annote = {safe learning -- asserts that change can be dangerous, and that formal methods are desirable but slow. APT combines adaptation and formal ver. using model checking} } @Article{Petersen90, author = {Steven E. Petersen and Peter T. Fox and Abraham Z. Snyder and Marcus E. Raichle}, title = { Activation of extrastriate and frontal cortical areas by visual words and word-like stimuli}, journal = {Science}, year = 1990, volume = 249, pages = {1041--1044}, annote = { From abstract: "Visual presentation of words activates extrastriate regions of the occipital lobes of the brain. When analyzed by positron emmission tomography (PET), certain areas in the left, medial extrastriate visual cortex were activated by visually presented pseudowords that obey English spelling rules, as well as by actual words. These areas were not activated by nonesense strings of letters or letter-life forms. Thus visual word form computations are based on learned distinctions between words and nonwords. In addition , during passive presentation of words, but not psuedowords, activation occurred in a left frontal area that is related to semantic processing. These findings support distinctions made in cognitive psychology and computational modeling between high-level visual and semantic computations on single words and describe the anatomy that may underlie these distinctions." } } @Article{VanRullen01, author = {Ruffin Van{R}ullen and Arnaud Delorme and Simon J. Thorpe}, title = {Feed-forward contour integration in primary visual cortex based on asynchronous spike propagation.}, journal = {Neurocomputing}, year = 2001, volume = {38--40}, number = {1--4}, pages = {1003--1009}, annote = {lovely work showing you can get contours avoiding feedback loops by letting cells that have passed a threshold activation early (e.g. are more certain) fire, thus providing info to their neighbors.} } @PhdThesis{Bischoff-PHD, author = {Amanda Bischoff}, title = {Modeling the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Arm Movements}, school = {University of Southern California, Department of Computer Science}, year = 1998, month = {May}, annote = {read some day -- http://dbic.dartmouth.edu/~agrethe/BischoffThesis.pdf } } @Article{Sillito94, author = {A. Sillito and H. Jones and G. Gerstein and D. West}, title = {Feature-linked synchronization of thalamic relay cell firing induced by feedback from the visual cortex}, journal = {Nature}, year = 1994, volume = 369, pages = {479--482}, annote = {from MITECS "Does mere gating [attention] require such a massive backprojection? Beautiful evidence for a subtler role of corticothalamic feedback was discovered recently by Sillito and co-workers (1994). They found that cortical feedback caused thalamic relay cells responding to different parts of a coherent visual stimulus to synchronize. More precisely, an extended moving bar excites multiple thalamic relay cells whose receptive fields lie at different positions along the bar. When cortical feedback was intact, the spike trains of these cells showed strong correlations which were absent if either the feedback was interrupted or if the stimulus was not coherent (e.g., being made up of two bars). This suggests that information can pass back and forth between thalamus and cortex and that important nonlocal patterns are recognized during this iterative operation. Further evidence is found in Nicolelis et al. (1995) [see below]." From abstract: "Effectively this increases the gain of the input for feature-linked events detected by the cortex. We propose that this feedback loop serves to lock or focus the appropriate curcuitry onto the stimulus feature." } } @Article{Nicolelis95, author = {Miguel A. L. Nicolelis and Luiz A. Baccala and Rick C. S. Lin and John K. Chapin}, title = {Sensori-motor encoding by synchronous neural ensemble activity at multiple levels of the somoatosensory system}, journal = {Science}, year = 1995, volume = 268, pages = {1353--1358}, annote = {See MITECS stuff from Sillito94 -- groovy stuff with oscillations in rat whiskers affected by top down considerations. Concluding paragraph "These results indicate that the functional organization of the rat somatosensory system is fundamentally linked to the coordinated activity of large ensembles of neurons, distributed through multiple levels of the brain. Dynamic patterns of neural ensemble activity in this ensory system were found not only to code tactile stimulus attributes but also to anticipate the occurence of stereotyped WT behaviors associated with active tactile exploration of the surrounding environment. Because these oscillations appear to mimic a motor output function, they are consistent with earlier demonstrations in rats, cats, and monkeys that the transmission of sensory information through different levels of the somatosensroy system is strongly modulated as a function of the phase of active movement [gives 4 references]."} } @Article{Jarvilehto98, author = {Timo Jarvilehto}, title = {Efferent Influences on Receptors in Knowledge Formation}, journal = {PSYCOLOQUY}, year = 1998, volume = 9, number = 41, annote = {although on the right track, flakey and dynamical. abstract: "This target article suggests a new interpretation of efferent influences on sensory receptor activity and the role of the senses in forming knowledge. Experimental data and a thought experiment about a hypothetical motor-only organism suggest that the senses are not transmitters of environmental information; rather, they create a direct connection between the organism and the environment that makes possible a dynamic organism-environment system. In this system efferent influences on receptor activity are especially critical, because with their help the receptors can be adjusted in relation to the parts of the environment that are most important in achieving behavioral results. Perception joins new parts of the environment to the organism-environment system; thus knowledge is formed by perception through a reorganization (a widening and differentiation) of the organism-environment system rather than through the transmission of information from the environment. With the help of efferent effects on receptors, each organism creates its own particular world. These considerations have implications for experimental work in the neurophysiology and psychology of perception as well as for the philosophy of knowledge formation."} } @InCollection{Sherman90, author = {S. M. Sherman and C. Koch}, title = {Thalamus}, booktitle = {Synaptic organization of the brain}, pages = {246--278}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, year = 1990, editor = {G. M. Shepherd}, edition = 3, annote = {connectivity info e.g. that cat dLGN has 10^6 connections to V1 but 10^7 *from* it. } } @Article{Smirnakis97, author = {Stelios M. Smirnakis and Michael J. Berry and David K. Warland and William Bialek and Markus Meister}, title = {Adaptation of Retinal Processing to Image Contrast and Spatial Scale}, journal = {Nature}, year = 1997, volume = 386, pages = {69--73}, annote = {abstract: "Owing to the limited dynamic range of a neuron's output, neural circuits are faced with a trade-off between encoding the full range of their inputs and resolving gradations among those inputs. For example, the ambient light level varies daily over more than nine orders of magnitude, whereas the firing rate of optic nerve fibres spans less than two. This discrepancy is alleviated by light adaptation: as the mean intensity increases, the retina becomes proportionately less sensitive. However, image statistics other than the mean intensity also vary drastically during routine visual processing. Theory predicts that an efficient visual encoder should adapt its strategy not only to the mean, but to the full shape of the intensity distribution. Here we report that retinal ganglion cells, the output neurons of the retina, adapt to both image contrast-the range of light intensities-and to spatial correlations within the scene, even at constant mean intensity. The adaptation occurs on a scale of seconds, one hundred times more slowly than the immediate light response, and involves 2-5-fold changes in the firing rate. It is mediated within the retinal network: two independent sites of modulation after the photoreceptor cells appear to be involved. Our results demonstrate a remarkable plasticity in retinal processing that may contribute to the contrast adaptation of human vision." last para: "In summary, it appears that visual processing in the retina is considerably more adaptive than previously acknowledged and adjusts not only to the mean illumination but also to both the range of intensity fluctuations and their spactial scale. Essentially identical behaviour was observed ina mammalian and an amphibian species, and related effects are seen in an insect visual system, suggesting that htis strategy is a general pirnciple of retinal procesissing. More breoadly, it might be expected that any neural circuit would benefit from an adaptive control that responds to changes in the statistics of its inputs. THe retina, with its accesible and well studied circuitry, is ideal for studying the underlying mechanisms" } } @Article{Berry99, author = {Michael J. Berry, II and Iman H. Brivanlou and Thomas A. Jordan and Markus Meister}, title = {Anticipation of moving stimuli by the retina}, journal = {Nature}, year = 1999, volume = 398, pages = {334--338}, annote = {moving bar, salamander and rabbit} } @Article{Meister96, author = {Markus Meister}, title = {Multineuronal codes in retinal signaling}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Acadamy of Science, {USA}}, year = 1996, volume = 93, month = {January}, pages = {609--614}, annote = {about compressing the redundant info from overlapping ganglion cells into a distributed code for the relatively limited optic neuron} } @Article{Meister99, author = {Markus Meister and Michael J. Berry, II}, title = {The Neural Code of the Retina}, journal = {Neuron}, year = 1999, volume = 22, pages = {435--450}, month = {March}, annote = {nice looking review: New aspects of retinal signaling 1) gangion cells are not independent channels of information, 2) Spike trains from retinal gaglion cells can be very precise and reliable 3) retinal processing adapts to higher stimulus statistics} } @Article{Waller99, author = {Mary J. Waller}, title = {The Timing of Adaptive Group Responses to Nonroutine Events}, journal = {Academy of Management Journal}, year = 1999, volume = 42, pages = {127--137}, annote = {heard talk at MPI, haven't found article} } @article{Huhns99, author = "M. Huhns and M. Singh", title = "{Multiagent treatment of Agenthood}", journal = "Applied Artificial Intelligence", volume = "13", number = "1/2", pages = "3--10", year = "1999", url = "citeseer.nj.nec.com/huhns99multiagent.html" } @Book{Bishop95, author = {Christopher M. Bishop}, title = {Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, year = 1995, } @Book{Thelen94, author = {Esther Thelen and Linda B. Smith}, title = {A Dynamical Systems Approach to Development of Cognition and Action}, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, year = 1994, annote = {saw Smith at DECO 2001 -- doesn't believe in "hardwiring", discriminating learning from development, modularity and lots of other things. Smart & combative.} } @InProceedings{Schneider97, author = "Jeff G. Schneider", title = "Exploiting Model Uncertainty Estimates for Safe Dynamic Control Learning", pages = "1047", booktitle = "Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems", volume = "9", year = "1997", editor = "Michael C. Mozer and Michael I. Jordan and Thomas Petsche", publisher = "The {MIT} Press", annote = "they make a bayesian model of an existing successful controller and use it to avoid disasterous results by limiting exploration during reinforcement learning. Toy domain -- pole balancing while moving as fast as possible to a new location -- old controller just pole balanced." } @InProceedings{Barley01, author = {Mike Barley and Hans Guesgen}, title = {Towards Safe Learning Agents}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Learning Agents at the $5^{th}$ International Conference on Autonomous Agents}, pages = 4, year = 2001, editor = {Doina Precup and Peter Stone}, month = {May}, annote = {not really published I don't think -- on line at http://www.research.att.com/~pstone/Workshops/2001agents/agents01-schedule.html. Kind of uninterseting in that it claims to guarantee no bad rules in prodigy, but reviews Weld & Gordon first.} } @InProceedings{Christensen00, author = {Wayne D. Christensen and Cliff A. Hooker}, title = {Representation and the Meaning of Life}, booktitle = {Representation in Mind: New Approaches to Mental Representation}, year = 2000, address = {University of Sydney}, month = {June}, annote = {not clear its published, available at http://www.newcastle.edu.au/department/pl/staff/WayneChristensen/papers.htm Influenced by my MPhil somewhat. He likes LAS too.} } @InCollection{Malsburg88, author = {von der Malsburg, Christoph and W. Singer}, title = {Principles of cortical network organization}, booktitle = {Neurobiology of Neocortex}, pages = {69--99}, publisher = {John Wiley}, year = 1988, editor = {P. Rakic and W. Singer}, annote = {Eglen likes it} } @Book{Fisher30, author = "R. A. Fisher", title = "The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection.", publisher = "Oxford-University-Press", year = "1930", keywords = "RAFisher, genetics, text, book", abstract = "also Dover N. Y. 1958", } @Article{Culberson98, author = {Joseph C. Culberson}, title = {On the Futility of Blind Search: An Algorithmic View of "No Free Lunch"}, journal = {Evolutionary Computation}, year = 1998, volume = 6, number = 2, pages = {109--128}, annote = { This paper might have been subtitled ``An algorithmicist looks at no free lunch.'' We use simple adversary arguments to redevelop and explore some of the no free lunch (NFL) theorems and perhaps extend them a little. A second goal is to clarify the relationship of NFL theorems to algorithm theory. In particular we claim that NFL puts much weaker restrictions on the claims that an evolutionary algorithm can make than does acceptance of the conjectures of traditional complexity theory. And third we take a brief look at whether the notion of natural evolution relates to optimization, and what if any the implications of evolution are for computing. In this part, we mostly try to raise questions concerning the validity of applying the genetic model to the problem of optimization. This is an informal paper --- most of the information presented is not formally proven, and is either ``common knowledge'' or formally proven elsewhere. Some of the claims are intuitions based on experience with algorithms, and in a more formal setting should be classified as conjectures. The goal is not so much to develop theory, as it is to perhaps persuade the reader to adopt a particular viewpoint. } } @InCollection{Demiris01, author = {Yiannis Demiris}, title = {Imitation as a dual-route process featuring predictive and learning components: a biologically-plausible computational model}, booktitle = {Imitation in Animals and Artifacts}, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, year = 2001, editor = {Kerstin Dautenhahn and Chrystopher Nehaniv}, chapter = 13 } @Article{Seligman70, author = {M. E. P. Seligman}, title = {On the generality of the laws of learning}, journal = {Psychological Review}, year = 1970, volume = 77, pages = {406--418}, annote = {postulates "biological preparedness" for certain kinds of associations. Got the term from Marc, this is the main ref that turns up on the web.} } @Article{Brainard98, author = {Michael S. Brainard and Eric I. Knudsen}, title = {Sensitive periods for visual calibration of the auditory space map in the barn owl optic tectum}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, year = 1998, volume = 18, pages = {3929--3942}, annote = {Previous studies have identified sensitive periods for the developing barn owl during which visual experience has a powerful influence on the calibration of sound localization behavior. Here we investigated neural correlates of these sensitive periods by assessing developmental changes in the capacity of visual experience to alter the map of auditory space in the optic tectum of the barn owl. We used two manipulations. (1) We equipped owls with prismatic spectacles that optically displaced the visual field by 23° to the left or right, and (2) we restored normal vision to prism-reared owls that had been raised wearing prisms. In agreement with previous behavioral experiments, we found that the capacity of abnormal visual experience to shift the tectal auditory space map was restricted to an early sensitive period. However, this period extended until later in life (~200 d) than described previously in behavioral studies (~70 d). Furthermore, unlike the previous behavioral studies that found that the capacity to recover normal sound localization after restoration of normal vision was lost at ~200 d of age, we found that the capacity to recover a normal auditory space map was never lost. Finally, we were able to reconcile the behaviorally and neurophysiologically defined sensitive periods by taking into account differences in the richness of the environment in the two sets of experiments. We repeated the behavioral experiments and found that when owls were housed in a rich environment, the capacity to adjust sound localization away from normal extended to later in life, whereas the capacity to recover to normal was never lost. Conversely, when owls were housed in an impoverished environment, the capacity to recover a normal auditory space map was restricted to a period ending at ~200 d of age. The results demonstrate that the timing and even the existence of sensitive periods for plasticity of a neural circuit and associated behavior can depend on multiple factors, including (1) the nature of the adjustment demanded of the system and (2) the richness of the sensory and social environment in which the plasticity is studied. http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/full/18/10/3929} } @Book{Zahavi97, author = {Amotz Zahavi and Avishag Zahavi}, title = {The Handicap Principle: A missing piece of Darwin's puzzle}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, year = 1997, address = {Oxford} } @Book{Nilsson98, author = {Nils J. Nilsson}, title = {Artificial Intelligence: {A} New Synthesis}, publisher = {Morgan Kaufman}, year = 1998 } @Article{Munakata97, author = {Yuko Munakata and James L. McClelland and Mark H. Johnson and Robert S. Siegler}, title = {Rethinking infant knowledge: {T}oward an adaptive process account of successes and failures in object permanence tasks}, journal = {Psychological Review}, year = 1997, volume = 104, number = 4, pages = {686--713}, annote = {From YM's page: Previous work suggests that some 7-month-old babies can learn the means-ends relationship between a button and a distant shelf (Munakata, McClelland, Johnson, & Siegler, 1997). Specifically, infants learned to push the button as a means of making the shelf drop. When a toy was placed on the shelf, pushing the button made the shelf drop so that the toy slid down a ramp to within the infant's reach. Infants pushed the button most when a toy was visible on the shelf, and least when the shelf was visibly empty. Infants pushed the button at an intermediate level when they could not see what was on the shelf and had to remember whether there was a toy on it; infants actually pushed the button equally whether or not a toy was present. These findings provided two primary contributions to the study of infant cognition. First, infants demonstrated apparent means-ends abilities at a much earlier age than typically discussed in the literature (developmental textbooks commonly cite 9 months at the age at which infants can learn such links). Second, contrary to beliefs in the field, the findings suggested that infants had difficulty in retrieving hidden toys due to memory demands and not motor or means-ends deficits. That is, the tasks of retrieving visible and hidden toys required identical motor and means-ends skills, and differed only in their memory demands. The fact that infants succeeded in only the visible case, distinguishing trials with and without a toy present, suggested that their difficulties with hidden toys stemmed from memory limitations. } } @Article{Santos02, author = {Laurie R. Santos and Marc D. Hauser}, title = {A Non-Human Primate's Understanding of Solidity: Dissociations Between Seeing and Acting}, journal = {Developmental Science}, year = 2002, volume = 5, note = {in press} } @Article{Spelke92, author = {Elizabeth S. Spelke and K. Breinlinger and J. Macomber and K. Jacobson}, title = {Origins of knowledge}, journal = {Psychological Review}, year = 1992, volume = 99, pages = {605--632}, annote = {Santos says this has looking vs. acting in kids} } @Article{Hood00, author = {Bruce Hood and Susan Carey and Sandeep Prasada}, title = {Predicting the outcomes of physical events: {T}wo-year-olds fail to reveal knowledge of solidity and support}, journal = {Child Development}, year = 2000, volume = 71, number = 6, pages = {1540--1554}, annote = {also from Santos re: looking time & search. From pubmed: Two-year-olds' (N = 153) knowledge of solidity was tested in four search tasks adapted from infant looking-time experiments. In Experiment 1, 2-year-olds failed to search in the correct location for a falling ball after a hidden shelf that blocked its trajectory had been inserted in the apparatus. Experiment 2 extended this finding by showing that 2-year-olds failed to take into account the effects of either removing or inserting a shelf in their search for a toy dropped behind a screen. Experiment 3 examined sensitivity to the constraint provided by a solid barrier on horizontal motion. In all three experiments, 2-year-old children searched initially at the location where they saw the object during familiarization. Experiment 4, using multiple test trials but no familiarization to a pretest location, also showed that 2-year-olds failed to take the presence or absence of a barrier into account when planning where to search for a toy they had seen dropped behind a screen. In all of these studies, 2-year-olds showed no evidence of representing solidity and support constraints on the trajectories of falling objects. Experiments 1 and 3 also included 2 1/2-year-olds (N = 31), who succeeded on these search tasks. The implications of the poor performance of 2-year-olds, in the face of success by very young infants on looking-time measures of sensitivity to similar constraints on object motion, are discussed. } } @Book{Mitchell97, author = {Tom Mitchell}, title = {Machine Learning}, publisher = {McGraw Hill}, year = 1997, annote = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/tom/mlbook.html, ISBN 0070428077}, } @Misc{Ariely02, author = {Daniel Ariely}, howpublished = {quoted by Steven Pearlstein in "Hot-Headed Spenders, Fuzzy Thinking --- and Cold, Hard Cash", {\bf The International Herald Tribune}}, month = {January 28}, year = 2002, annote = { "How much money is it worth to eat sushi? Economists used to think we could calculate that, but it is really impossible. At any moment in time I may be able to say that I prefer sushi to a banana. I may even have a notion of how many bananas I would trade for one piece of sushi. But how much money are they worth? I have no idea."} } @InCollection{Margolis99, author = {Eric Margolis and Stephen Laurence}, title = {Concepts and Cognitive Science}, booktitle = {Concepts: Core Readings}, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, pages = {3--81}, year = 1999, editor = {Eric Margolis and Stephen Laurence}, annote = {discussed at Harvard 8 Feb 02 see notes} } @InProceedings{Birk98, author = {Andreas Birk}, title = {Learning of an Anticipatory World-Model and the quest for General versus Reinforced Knowledge }, booktitle = {Proceedings of The First International Conference on Computing Anticipatory Systems}, year = 1998, annote = {Claims to have reimplemneted Drescher better with a real robot arm, but gives no quantitative results, just examples of rules. Veers into talking about reactive systems and luc's robot test room.} } @Unpublished{Thalman99, author = {Daniel Thalmann and {Raupp Musse}, Sorai and Marcelo Kallmann}, title = {Virtual Humans' Behaviour: Individuals, Groups, and Crowds}, note = {{\em Invited Lecture}, International Conference on Digital Media Futures, British Computer Society, Bradford, UK}, month = {April}, year = 1999, annote = {who knows how I got this but it looks like they do interesting VR. from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology} } @Article{Klusch2002, author = {Matthias Klusch and K. Sycara}, title = {Middle-Agents for Intelligent Service Mediation on the Internet: A Survey}, journal = {Journal Knowledge Engineering Review}, year = 2002, annote = {in press. some reviewer of the AAMAS paper thought I should know this work on brokering.} } @Article{Sycara01, author = {K. Sycara and S. Widoff and M. Klusch and J. Lu}, title = {{LARKS}: Dynamic Matchmaking Among Heterogeneous Software Agents in Cyberspace}, journal = {Journal on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems}, year = 2001, volume = 4, number = 4, annote = { some reviewer of the AAMAS paper thought I should know this work on brokering and matchmaking} } @Article{Rachlin-bbs02, author = {Howard Rachlin}, title = {Altruism and Selfishness}, journal = {Brain and Behavioral Sciences}, year = {in press}, annote = {Has a weird hangup in his premise about the extent to which he is arguing that altruism is learned which is somehow at odds to it being innate as well. But the central idea is good, that there is innate behavior no different from wanting to drink, to want to be altruistic. "From a behavioral viewpoint, an altruistic act is not motivated, as an act of drinking is, by the state of an internal mechanism; it is rather a particular component that fits into an overall pattern of behavior. Given this, the important question for the behaviorist is not, ``What reinforces a particular act of altruism?'' - for this particular act may not be reinforced; it may never be reinforced; it may be punished - but, ``What are the patterns of behavior that the altruistic act fits into?''" Emphasis on the learned nature of altruistic acts: "The pattern, as a pattern of overt behavior, is worth so much to her that she would risk dying rather than break it." [re: his example, of a woman saving non-kin child from fire] The distinction he is drawing from nativists "Biological compatibility [them] says that a particular altruistic act is itself of high value by virtue of an inherited general altruistic mechanism. Learning would enter into the development of altruism, according to biological compatibility, only in the minimal sense that a baby has to learn how to eat... Behavioral compatibility [him] says that the altruistic act itself is of low value and remains of low value. What is highly valued is a temporally extended pattern of acts into which the particular act fits." [him] is "Teleological Behaviorism." (Baum, 1994; Rachlin, 1994; Stout, 1996) "for Aristotle, a particular action has no meaning by itself; the meaning of an action resides in habits of overt behavior as they are played out in time, not in internal mechanistic or spiritual events; whether a particular act is good or bad depends on the habit into which it fits. In Aristotle?s conception of science, habits are final causes of the particular acts that comprise them." "explains motives in terms of habits rather than habits in terms of motives" }} @InCollection{Thierry00, author = {Bernard Thierry}, title = {Covariation of Conflict Management Patterns across Macaque Species}, booktitle = {Natural Conflict Resolution}, publisher = {University of California Press}, year = 2000, editor = {Filippo Aureli and Frans B. M. {de Waal}}, chapter = 6, annote = {From Jessica Flack}, pages = {106--128}, } @InCollection{Preuschoft00, author = {Signe Preuschoft and Carel P. {van Schaik}}, title = {Dominance and Communication: Conflict Management in Various Social Settings}, booktitle = {Natural Conflict Resolution}, publisher = {University of California Press}, year = 2000, editor = {Filippo Aureli and Frans B. M. {de Waal}}, chapter = 6, annote = {From Jessica Flack} } @Article{Dehaene01, author = {Stanislas Dehaene and Lionel Naccache and Laurent Cohen and Denis {Le Bihan} and Jean-François Mangin and Jean-Baptiste Poline and Denis Rivière}, title = {Cerebral mechanisms of word masking and unconscious repetition priming}, journal = {Nature Neuroscience}, year = 2001, volume = 4, number = 7, pages = {678--680}, month = {July}, annote = { Unite INSERM 334, IFR 49, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, CEA/DSV, 4 Place du General Leclerc, 91401 Orsay cedex, France. dehaene@shfj.cea.fr We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potentials (ERPs) to visualize the cerebral processing of unseen masked words. Within the areas associated with conscious reading, masked words activated left extrastriate, fusiform and precentral areas. Furthermore, masked words reduced the amount of activation evoked by a subsequent conscious presentation of the same word. In the left fusiform gyrus, this repetition suppression phenomenon was independent of whether the prime and target shared the same case, indicating that case-independent information about letter strings was extracted unconsciously. In comparison to an unmasked situation, however, the activation evoked by masked words was drastically reduced and was undetectable in prefrontal and parietal areas, correlating with participants' inability to report the masked words.} } @Article{Dehaene98, author = {Stanislas Dehaene and Michel Kerszberg and Jean-Pierre Changeux}, title = {A neuronal model of a global workspace in effortful cognitive tasks}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Acadamy of Science, {USA}}, year = 1998, volume = 95, month = {November 24}, pages = {14529--34}, annote = { Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Unite 334, Service hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Commissariat a l'energie atomique, 4 Place du General Leclerc, 91401 Orsay, France. dehaene@shfj.cea.fr A minimal hypothesis is proposed concerning the brain processes underlying effortful tasks. It distinguishes two main computational spaces: a unique global workspace composed of distributed and heavily interconnected neurons with long-range axons, and a set of specialized and modular perceptual, motor, memory, evaluative, and attentional processors. Workspace neurons are mobilized in effortful tasks for which the specialized processors do not suffice. They selectively mobilize or suppress, through descending connections, the contribution of specific processor neurons. In the course of task performance, workspace neurons become spontaneously coactivated, forming discrete though variable spatio-temporal patterns subject to modulation by vigilance signals and to selection by reward signals. A computer simulation of the Stroop task shows workspace activation to increase during acquisition of a novel task, effortful execution, and after errors. We outline predictions for spatio-temporal activation patterns during brain imaging, particularly about the contribution of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate to the workspace. }} @Book{Brooks02, author = {Rodney A. Brooks}, title = {Flesh and Machines: How Robots Will Change Us}, publisher = {Pantheon Books}, year = 2002, address = {New York}, annote = {"The body, this mass of biomolecules, is a machine that acts according to a set of specifiable rules... We are machines, as are our spouses, our children, and our dogs... I believe myself and my children all to be mere machines. But this is not how I treat them. I treat them in a very special way, and I interact with them on an entirely different level. They have my unconditional love, the furthest one might be able to get from rational analysis. Like a religious scientist, I maintain two sets of inconsistent beliefs and act on each of them in different circumstances. It is this transcendence between belief systems that I think will be what enables mankind to ultimately accept robots as emotional machines, and thereafter start to empathize with them and attribute free will, respect, and ultimately rights to them... When our robots improve enough, beyond their current limitations, and when we credit humans, then too we will break our mental barrier, our need, our desire, to retain tribal specialness, differentiating ourselves from them."} } @Article{Hofmann99, author = {Hans A. Hofmann and Mark E. Benson and Russell D. Fernald}, title = {Social status regulates growth rate: Consequences for life-history strategies}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, {USA}}, year = 1999, volume = 95, pages = {14171--14176}, annote = {some of data from behavior club talk 19 March 2002 Harvard, Cichlid fish} } @Article{Hofmann00, author = {Hans A. Hofmann and Russell D. Fernald}, title = {Social status controls somatostatin-neuron size and growth}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, year = 2000, volume = 20, pages = {1248--1252}, annote = {some of data from behavior club talk 19 March 2002 Harvard, Cichlid fish} } @Book{Gall25, author = {Franz Joseph Gall}, title = {Sur l'origine des qualités morales et des facultés intellectuelles de l'homme : et sur les conditions de leur manifestation}, publisher = {J. B. Baillière}, year = 1825, address = {Paris}, annote = {got from the web -- http://www.jmvanwyhe.freeserve.co.uk/fjgall.html, http://gallica.bnf.fr/scripts/ConsultationTout.exe?O=n076820 Invented phrenology, much cited by Fodor-MOM, though from Hollander20} } @Book{Hollander20, author = {Bernard Hollander}, title = {In Search of the Soul and the Mechanism of Thought, Emotion, and Conduct}, publisher = {Dutton}, year = 1920, address = {New York}, annote = {Full title: In Search of the Soul and the Mechanism of Thought, Emotion, and Conduct: A Treatise in Two Volumes Containing a Brief but Comprehensive History of the Philosophical Speculations and Scientific Researches from Ancient Times to the Present Day as Well as an Original Attempt to Account for the Mind and Character of Man and Establish the Principles of a Science of Ethology. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd./NY: E. P. Dutton & Co., [1920]. 2 volumes. Tall 8vo. 1st Edition. [xii]+516; [viii]+361+[3]pp. The greatest historical work on phrenology ever published (by the last serious phrenologist) and a gold mine of information about cerebral localization. Contains a 187 page discussion of Gall.} } @InCollection{Spelke02, author = {Elizabeth S. Spelke}, title = {What Makes Us Smart? {C}ore Knowledge and Natural Language}, booktitle = {Whither {W}horf?}, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, year = {in press}, editor = {Dedre Gentner and Susan Goldin-Meadow}, annote = {Words and concepts, harvard, Feb 02 -- how language helps thought by bridging modules. Here's the original room study with the kids: Hermer, L. & Spelke, E. S. (1994). A geometric process for spatial reorientation in young children. Nature, 370, 57 - 59. Here's a study with adults that implicates verbal processing having an impact... Hermer-Vazquez, L., Spelke, E. S., & Katsnelson, A. (1999). Sources of flexibility in human cognition: Dual-task studies of space and language. Cognitive Psychology, 39, 1, 3-36. } } @Article{Hermer94, author = {L. Hermer and E. S. Spelke}, title = {A geometric process for spatial reorientation in young children}, journal = {Nature}, year = 1994, volume = 370, pages = {57--59}, annote = {See spelke02, Caurruthers-bbs} } @Article{Hermer99, author = {L. Hermer-Vazquez and E. S. Spelke and A. Katsnelson}, title = {Sources of flexibility in human cognition: Dual-task studies of space and language}, journal = {Cognitive Psychology}, year = 1999, volume = 39, number = 1, pages = {3--36}, annote = {See spelke02, Caurruthers-bbs} } @Article{HauserAB02, author = {Marc Hauser and Heather Pearson and David Seelig}, title = {Ontogeny of tool use in {C}otton-{T}op {T}amarins ({\em {S}agunius oedipus}): {R}ecognition of functionally relevant features in the absence of experience}, journal = {Animal Behavior}, year = 2002, note = {{\em in press}}, annote = {the baby tool-use stuff} } @Article{Alvarado00, author = {Maria C. Alvarado and Jocelyne Bachevalier}, title = {Revisiting the Maturation of Medial Temporal Lobe Memory Functions in Primates}, journal = {Learning and Memory}, year = 2000, volume = 7, number = 5, pages = {244--256}, annote = {"Transverse Patterning" or wrapped transitive inference (A>B, B>C,C>A) and TI in general require a hippocampus. Relates to other stuff, like delayed match to sample. good neurosci review. Heard Bachevalier talk about this (and spoke with her) early 2002 at Harvard.} } @Article{Jacobs90, author = {Lucia F. Jacobs and S. J. C. Gaulin and D. F. Sherry and G. E. Hoffman}, title = {Evolution of Spatial Cognition: Sex-Specific Patterns of Spatial Behavior Predict Hippocampal Size}, journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA}, year = 1990, volume = 87, number = 16, pages = {6349--6352}, month = {August 15}, annote = {In a study of two congeneric rodent species, sex differences in hippocampal size were predicted by sex-specific patterns of spatial cognition. Hippocampal size is known to correlate positively with maze performance in laboratory mouse strains and with selective pressure for spatial memory among passerine bird species. In polygamous vole species (Rodentia: Microtus), males range more widely than females in the field and perform better on laboratory measures of spatial ability; both of these differences are absent in monogamous vole species. Ten females and males were taken from natural populations of two vole species, the polygamous meadow vole, M. pennsylvanicus, and the monogamous pine vole, M. pinetorum. Only in the polygamous species do males have larger hippocampi relative to the entire brain than do females. Two-way analysis of variance shows that the ratio of hippocampal volume to brain volume is differently related to sex in these two species. To our knowledge, no previous studies of hippocampal size have linked both evolutionary and psychometric data to hippocampal dimensions. Our controlled comparison suggests that evolution can produce adaptive sex differences in behavior and its neural substrate. } } @Article{Ezzat00, author = {Tony Ezzat and Tomaso Poggio}, title = {Visual Speech Synthesis by Morphing Visemes}, journal = {International Journal of Computer Vision}, year = 2000, volume = 38, number = 1, pages = {45--57}, annote = {more matt brand kind of stuff, 2002 phd claims to have a module you can use.} } @Article{Greene01, author = {Anthony J. Greene and Barbara A. Spellman and Jeffery A Dusek and Howard B. Eichenbaum and William B. Levy}, title = {Relational learning with and without awareness: transitive inference using nonverbal stimuli in humans}, journal = {Memory \& Cognition}, year = 2001, volume = 29, number = 6, pages = {893--902}, month = {September}, annote = {University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908-0420, USA. Learning complex relationships among items and representing them flexibly have been shown to be highly similar in function and structure to conscious forms of learning. However, it is unclear whether conscious learning is essential for the exhibition of flexibility in learning. Successful performance on the transitive inference task requires representational flexibility. Participants learned four overlapping premise pairs (A > B, B > C, C > D, D > E) that could be encoded separately or as a sequential hierarchy (A > B > C > D > E). Some participants (informed) were told prior to training that the task required an inference made from premise pairs. Other participants (uninformed) were told simply that they were to learn a series of pairs by trial and error. Testing consisted of unreinforced trials that included the non-adjacent pair, B versus D, to assess capacity for transitive inference. Not surprisingly, those in the informed condition outperformed those in the uninformed condition. After completion of training and testing, uninformed participants were given a postexperimental questionnaire to assess awareness of the task structure. In contrast with expectations, successful performance on the transitive inference task for uninformed participants does not depend on or correlate with postexperimental awareness. The present results suggest that relational learning tasks do not necessarily require conscious processes. } } @Article{Kauffman02, author = {T. Kauffman and H. Theoret and Alvaro Pascual-Leone }, title = {Braille character discrimination in blindfolded human subjects}, journal = {Neuroreport}, year = 2002, volume = 13, number = 5, pages = {571--574}, month = {April 16}, annote = {Saw APL at BCS 10 May 2002 -- indicates V1 is for space, A1 for time, not vision/hearing Laboratory for Magnetic Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, KS-454, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Visual deprivation may lead to enhanced performance in other sensory modalities. Whether this is the case in the tactile modality is controversial and may depend upon specific training and experience. We compared the performance of sighted subjects on a Braille character discrimination task to that of normal individuals blindfolded for a period of five days. Some participants in each group (blindfolded and sighted) received intensive Braille training to offset the effects of experience. Blindfolded subjects performed better than sighted subjects in the Braille discrimination task, irrespective of tactile training. For the left index finger, which had not been used in the formal Braille classes, blindfolding had no effect on performance while subjects who underwent tactile training outperformed non-stimulated participants. These results suggest that visual deprivation speeds up Braille learning and may be associated with behaviorally relevant neuroplastic changes. } } @Article{Rapp96, author = {Peter R. Rapp and Mary T. Kansky and Howard Eichenbaum}, title = {Learning and memory for hierarchical relationships in the monkey: {E}ffects of aging}, journal = {Behavioral Neuroscience}, year = 1996, volume = 110, number = 5, pages = {887--897}, month = {October}, annote = {Stimuli were differentially weighted though looked random, and weight formed gradient for sequence (p.889 "Discriminative stimuli"). N=4 for aged monkeys who passed criteria (1 failed), learning time roughly equiv to young. Training proc roughly equiv to McG&C'77, except weight thing(?) Behaviorally naive subgroup (only subgrouped young animals) did significantly *better* when the individuall pairings went from ordered to unordered (phase 4) -- only diff btw subgroups (p.890) Reward *randomized* on probe (trans.) trials (p. 891). Young but not old monkeys then performed at chance on BD in 7 item (A-G) testing (w two new low-end pairs.) p. 892 [Given that learning pretty much freezes when animals certain (get ref from baxter?) anything but rewarding any choice on trans pair seems like a bad idea.] Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, State University of New York at Stony Brook USA. prapp@ccmail.sunysb.edu. Young and aged rhesus monkeys were tested on 2 versions of a transitive inference task measuring learning and memory for hierarchical relationships. Animals initially acquired 4 object discrimination problems arranged such that the relationship between the stimuli followed the hierarchy A > B > C > D > E. The second version of the task was similar but involved a series of 7 objects. Learning and memory for the hierarchical relationships were evaluated during probe trials in which novel pairs of nonadjacent items (e.g., B and D) were presented for a response. Standard task accuracy measures failed to distinguish young and aged subjects at any point in training. In contrast, response latency effects that are indicative of relational information processing in young monkeys were entirely absent in aged subjects. The findings highlight the value of a relational memory framework for establishing a detailed neuropsychological account of cognitive aging in the monkey. } } @Article{Harding01, author = {James Harding}, title = {Networking with apes by a master of distractions}, journal = {Financial Times}, year = 2001, month = {June 16}, annote = {Peter Garbriel, from Hilary} } @Article{Sen01, author = {Kamal Sen and Frédéric E. Theunissen and Allison J. Doupe}, title = {Feature analysis of natural sounds in the songbird auditory forebrain. }, journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology}, year = 2001, volume = 86, number = 3, pages = {1445--1458}, month = {Sep}, annote = { Sen talk at Harvard 15 May 2002, evidence of temporal modularity in (auditory) receptive fields hierarchy of receptive fields (RFs) http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/full/20/6/2315 Sloan Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, University of California, 513 Parnassus Ave., Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA. kamal@phy.ucsf.edu Although understanding the processing of natural sounds is an important goal in auditory neuroscience, relatively little is known about the neural coding of these sounds. Recently we demonstrated that the spectral temporal receptive field (STRF), a description of the stimulus-response function of auditory neurons, could be derived from responses to arbitrary ensembles of complex sounds including vocalizations. In this study, we use this method to investigate the auditory processing of natural sounds in the birdsong system. We obtain neural responses from several regions of the songbird auditory forebrain to a large ensemble of bird songs and use these data to calculate the STRFs, which are the best linear model of the spectral-temporal features of sound to which auditory neurons respond. We find that these neurons respond to a wide variety of features in songs ranging from simple tonal components to more complex spectral-temporal structures such as frequency sweeps and multi-peaked frequency stacks. We quantify spectral and temporal characteristics of these features by extracting several parameters from the STRFs. Moreover, we assess the linearity versus nonlinearity of encoding by quantifying the quality of the predictions of the neural responses to songs obtained using the STRFs. Our results reveal successively complex functional stages of song analysis by neurons in the auditory forebrain. When we map the properties of auditory forebrain neurons, as characterized by the STRF parameters, onto conventional anatomical subdivisions of the auditory forebrain, we find that although some properties are shared across different subregions, the distribution of several parameters is suggestive of hierarchical processing. } } @Article{Theunissen00, author = {Frédéric E. Theunissen and Kamal Sen and Allison J. Doupe}, title = {Spectral-temporal receptive fields of nonlinear auditory neurons obtained using natural sounds}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, year = 2000, volume = 10, number = 6, pages = {2315--2331}, month = {Mar 15}, annote = { Sen talk at Harvard 15 May 2002, evidence of temporal modularity in (auditory) receptive fields hierarchy of receptive fields (RFs) -- this has the math and introduces the context dependency. http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/reprint/20/6/2315 Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1650, USA. fet@socrates.berkeley.edu The stimulus-response function of many visual and auditory neurons has been described by a spatial-temporal receptive field (STRF), a linear model that for mathematical reasons has until recently been estimated with the reverse correlation method, using simple stimulus ensembles such as white noise. Such stimuli, however, often do not effectively activate high-level sensory neurons, which may be optimized to analyze natural sounds and images. We show that it is possible to overcome the simple-stimulus limitation and then use this approach to calculate the STRFs of avian auditory forebrain neurons from an ensemble of birdsongs. We find that in many cases the STRFs derived using natural sounds are strikingly different from the STRFs that we obtained using an ensemble of random tone pips. When we compare these two models by assessing their predictions of neural response to the actual data, we find that the STRFs obtained from natural sounds are superior. Our results show that the STRF model is an incomplete description of response properties of nonlinear auditory neurons, but that linear receptive fields are still useful models for understanding higher level sensory processing, as long as the STRFs are estimated from the responses to relevant complex stimuli. }} @Article{Freedman01, author = {David J. Freedman and Maximilian Riesenhuber and Tomaso Poggio and Earl K. Miller}, title = {Categorical representation of visual stimuli in the primate prefrontal cortex}, journal = {Science}, year = 2001, volume = 291, pages = {312--316}, month = {12 January}, annote = {dog and cat stuff} } @Article{Dennett01, author = "Daniel C. Dennett", title = {Are we explaining consciousness yet?}, journal = {Cognition}, year = 2001, volume = 79, pages = {221--237}, annote = {Theorists are converging from quite different quarters on a version of the global neuronal workspace model of consciousness, but there are residual confusions to be dissolved. In particular, theorists must resist the temptation to see global accessibility as the cause of consciousness (as if consciousness were some other, further condition); rather, it is consciousness. A useful metaphor for keeping this elusive idea in focus is that consciousness is rather like fame in the brain. It is not a privileged medium of representation, or an added property some states have; it is the very mutual accessibility that gives some informational states the powers that come with a subject's consciousness of that information. Like fame, consciousness is not a momentary condition, or a purely dispositional state, but rather a matter of actual influence over time. Theorists who take on the task of accounting for the aftermath that is critical for consciousness often appear to be leaving out the Subject of consciousness, when in fact they are providing an analysis of the Subject, a necessary component in any serious theory of consciousness. } } @Article{Leonardo99, author = {Anthony Leonardo and Masakazu Konishi}, title = {Decrystallization of adult birdsong by perturbation of auditory feedback}, journal = {Nature}, year = 1999, volume = 399, number = 6735, pages = {466--470}, month = {June 3}, annote = { Part of talk in Hauser lab 22 May 2002 (Roian's partner) Missing stuff about lack of real-time learning in LMAN Computation and Neural Systems Program and Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA. leonardo@cns.caltech.edu Young birds learn to sing by using auditory feedback to compare their own vocalizations to a memorized or innate song pattern; if they are deafened as juveniles, they will not develop normal songs. The completion of song development is called crystallization. After this stage, song shows little variation in its temporal or spectral properties. However, the mechanisms underlying this stability are largely unknown. Here we present evidence that auditory feedback is actively used in adulthood to maintain the stability of song structure. We found that perturbing auditory feedback during singing in adult zebra finches caused their song to deteriorate slowly. This 'decrystallization' consisted of a marked loss of the spectral and temporal stereotypy seen in crystallized song, including stuttering, creation, deletion and distortion of song syllables. After normal feedback was restored, these deviations gradually disappeared and the original song was recovered. Thus, adult birds that do not learn new songs nevertheless retain a significant amount of plasticity in the brain. } } @TechReport{Epstein01, author = {Joshua M. Epstein and John D. Steinbruner and Miles T. Parker}, title = {Modeling Civil Violence: An Agent-Based Computational Approach}, institution = {Brookings Institute, Center on Social and Economic Dynamics}, year = 2001, number = 20, month = {January}, annote = {uses Ascape. saw Parker talk at LE Cederman's seminar in 2001. Simple stuff, but used by interesting people.} } @Article{Waelti00, author = {Pascale Waelti and Anthony Dickinson and Wolfram Schultz}, title = {Dopamine responses comply with basic assumptions of formal learning theory}, journal = {Nature}, year = 2001, volume = 412, pages = {43--48}, month = {July 5}, annote = { (1 & 3) Institute of Physiology and Programme in Neuroscience, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland (2) Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to W.S. (e-mail: Wolfram.Schultz@unifr.ch). According to contemporary learning theories, the discrepancy, or error, between the actual and predicted reward determines whether learning occurs when a stimulus is paired with a reward. The role of prediction errors is directly demonstrated by the observation that learning is blocked when the stimulus is paired with a fully predicted reward. By using this blocking procedure, we show that the responses of dopamine neurons to conditioned stimuli was governed differentially by the occurrence of reward prediction errors rather than stimulus-reward associations alone, as was the learning of behavioural reactions. Both behavioural and neuronal learning occurred predominantly when dopamine neurons registered a reward prediction error at the time of the reward. Our data indicate that the use of analytical tests derived from formal behavioural learning theory provides a powerful approach for studying the role of single neurons in learning. } } @Article{Chartrand99, author = {T. L. Chartrand and John A. Bargh}, title = {The chameleon effect: {T}he perception-behavior link and social interaction}, journal = {The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, year = 1999, volume = 76, number = 6, pages = {893--910}, month = {June}, annote = {Department of Psychology, New York University, New York 10003, USA. tanyac@psych.nyu.edu The chameleon effect refers to nonconscious mimicry of the postures, mannerisms, facial expressions, and other behaviors of one's interaction partners, such that one's behavior passively and unintentionally changes to match that of others in one's current social environment. The authors suggest that the mechanism involved is the perception-behavior link, the recently documented finding (e.g., J. A. Bargh, M. Chen, & L. Burrows, 1996) that the mere perception of another's behavior automatically increases the likelihood of engaging in that behavior oneself. Experiment 1 showed that the motor behavior of participants unintentionally matched that of strangers with whom they worked on a task. Experiment 2 had confederates mimic the posture and movements of participants and showed that mimicry facilitates the smoothness of interactions and increases liking between interaction partners. Experiment 3 showed that dispositionally empathic individuals exhibit the chameleon effect to a greater extent than do other people. } } @Article{Bargh01, author = {John A. Bargh and Peter M. Gollwitzer and Annette Lee-Chai and Kimberly Barndollar and Roman Trötschel}, title = {The automated will: {N}onconscious activation and pursuit of behavioral goals}, journal = {The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, year = 2001, volume = 81, number = 6, pages = {1014--27}, month = {Dec}, annote = { Department of Psychology, New York University, New York 10003, USA. john.bargh@nyu.edu It is proposed that goals can be activated outside of awareness and then operate nonconsciously to guide self-regulation effectively (J. A. Bargh, 1990). Five experiments are reported in which the goal either to perform well or to cooperate was activated, without the awareness of participants, through a priming manipulation. In Experiment 1 priming of the goal to perform well caused participants to perform comparatively better on an intellectual task. In Experiment 2 priming of the goal to cooperate caused participants to replenish a commonly held resource more readily. Experiment 3 used a dissociation paradigm to rule out perceptual-construal alternative explanations. Experiments 4 and 5 demonstrated that action guided by nonconsciously activated goals manifests two classic content-free features of the pursuit of consciously held goals. Nonconsciously activated goals effectively guide action, enabling adaptation to ongoing situational demands. } } @article{GTM, author = "Christopher M. Bishop and Markus Svens\'{e}n and Christopher K. I. Williams", title = "{GTM}: The Generative Topographic Mapping", journal = "Neural Computation", volume = "10", number = "1", pages = "215-234", year = "1998", url = "citeseer.nj.nec.com/bishop98gtm.html" } @Article{Wallis01, author = {Jonathan D. Wallis and Kathleen C. Anderson and Earl K. Miller}, title = {Single neurons in the prefrontal cortex encode abstract rules}, journal = {Nature}, year = 2001, volume = 411, pages = {953--956}, annote = {show "most" of same cells used for same task with two different sets of stimuli} } @Article{Miller00, author = {Earl K. Miller}, title = {The prefrontal cortex and cognitive control}, journal = {Nature Reviews Neuroscience}, year = 2000, volume = 1, pages = {59--65} } @Article{Baxter01, author = {Mark G. Baxter and Elisabeth A. Murray}, title = {Opposite relationship of hippocampal and rhinal cortex damage to delayed nonmatching-to-sample deficits in monkeys}, journal = {Hippocampus}, year = 2001, volume = 11, number = 1, pages = {61--71}, annote = {Three recent studies in macaque monkeys that examined the effects on memory of restricted hippocampal lesions (Murray and Mishkin, J Neurosci 1998;18:6568-6582; Beason-Held et al., Hippocampus 1999;9:562-574; Zola et al., J Neurosci 2000;20:451-463) differed in their conclusions about the involvement of the hippocampus in recognition memory. Because these experiments used a common behavioral procedure, trial-unique visual delayed nonmatching-to-sample (DNMS), a quantitative synthesis (`meta-analysis' ) was performed to determine whether hippocampal lesions produced a reliable net impairment in DNMS performance, and whether this impairment was related to the magnitude of hippocampal damage. A similar analysis was performed on data from monkeys with perirhinal or rhinal cortex damage (Meunier et al., J Neurosci 1993;13:5418-5432; Buffalo et al., Learn Mem 1999;6:572-599). DNMS performance scores were transformed to d' values to permit comparisons across studies, and a loss in d' score, a measure of the magnitude of the recognition deficit relative to the control group, was calculated for each operated monkey. Two main findings emerged. First, the loss in d' following hippocampal damage was reliably larger than zero, but was smaller than that found after lesions limited to the perirhinal cortex. Second, the correlation of loss in d' with extent of hippocampal damage was large and negative, indicating that greater impairments were associated with smaller hippocampal lesions. This relationship was opposite to that between loss in d' and rhinal cortex damage, for which larger lesions were associated with greater impairment. These findings indicate that damage to the hippocampus and to the rhinal cortex affects recognition memory in different ways. Furthermore, they provide a framework for understanding the seemingly disparate effects of hippocampal damage on recognition memory in monkeys, and by extension, for interpreting the conflicting reports on the effects of such damage on recognition memory abilities in amnesic humans.} } @Article{Squire01, author = {Larry R. Squire and Robert E. Clark and Barbara J. Knowlton}, title = {Retrograde amnesia}, journal = {Hippocampus}, year = 2001, volume = 11, number = 1, pages = {61--71}, annote = {In humans, the phenomenon of temporally graded retrograde amnesia has been described in the clinic and the laboratory for more than 100 years. In the 1990s, retrograde amnesia began to be studied prospectively in experimental animals. We identified 13 published studies in which animals were given equivalent training at two or more separate times before damage to the fornix or hippocampal formation. Eleven of these studies found temporally graded retrograde amnesia, with the extent of amnesia ranging from several days to a month or two. We consider these studies and also suggest why temporally graded retrograde amnesia has sometimes not been observed. Although the evidence in favor of temporally graded retrograde amnesia is substantial, the inference from this work, that memory is reorganized as time passes, is rather vague and depends on mechanisms yet to be identified. It is therefore encouraging that many opportunities exist for moving beyond purely descriptive studies to studies that involve treatments or manipulations directed toward yielding information about mechanisms.}} @Article{Louie01, author = {Kenway Louie and Matthew A. Wilson}, title = {Temporally structured replay of awake hippocampal ensemble activity during rapid eye movement sleep}, journal = {Neuron}, year = 2001, volume = 29, number = 1, pages = {145--156}, month = {Jan}, annote = { Department of Biology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Center for Learning and Memory, RIKEN-MIT Neuroscience Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Human dreaming occurs during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. To investigate the structure of neural activity during REM sleep, we simultaneously recorded the activity of multiple neurons in the rat hippocampus during both sleep and awake behavior. We show that temporally sequenced ensemble firing rate patterns reflecting tens of seconds to minutes of behavioral experience are reproduced during REM episodes at an equivalent timescale. Furthermore, within such REM episodes behavior-dependent modulation of the subcortically driven theta rhythm is also reproduced. These results demonstrate that long temporal sequences of patterned multineuronal activity suggestive of episodic memory traces are reactivated during REM sleep. Such reactivation may be important for memory processing and provides a basis for the electrophysiological examination of the content of dream states. } } @Article{Lillo01, author = {{De Lillo}, C. and D. Floreano and F. Antinucci}, title = {Transitive choices by a simple, fully connected, backpropagation neural network: implications for the comparative study of transitive inference}, journal = {Animal Cognition}, year = 2001, volume = 4, number = 1, pages = {61--68} } @Article{Siemann96, author = {M. Siemann and J. D. Delius and D. Dombrowski and S. Daniel}, title = {Value transfer in discriminative conditioning with pigeons}, journal = {The Psychological Record}, year = 1996, volume = 46, pages = {707-728}, annote = {proves value transfer happens to defend his theory of TI. Done with simple association of stimuli -- 4 rewarded stimuli -strong & weak reward & penalty, paired associated with 4 other stimuli, pigeons approach/avoid paired stimuli as you'd expect} } @Article{Bardies73, author = {{de~Boysson}-Bardies, B. and K. O'Regan}, title = {What children do in spite of adults' hypotheses}, journal = {Nature}, year = 1973, volume = 246, pages = {531--534}, annote = {"De Boysson-Bardies and O'Regan (1973 ) compared children and adults in two conditions of training, one involving a serial presentation of the premises (i.e. A+B- first, then B+C-, and so on), and a second involving their presentation in random order. The underlying assumption is that subjects who attempt to construct a linear representation of the series should find the serial presentation of the premises easier. Their results demonstrated that adults' performance worsens in the random condition whereas children's performance is indistinguishable in the two conditions. They, therefore, proposed that children relied on a "verbal strategy", labelling the terms A and B as "big" and the terms D and E as "small", while the term C is left unlabelled and is responded to by default. This latter hypothesis was then tested with children by means of separate comparisons of a novel term (X) with each of the items A, B, C, D, and E. In accordance with the labelling hypothesis, it was found that the novel term X was selected above chance when presented with terms A and B and avoided when presented with terms D and E, while random choices were observed when the novel term was paired with the term C." \citep{Lillo01} Article actually provides more evidence for our model... see especially experiment 4. } } @InProceedings{Decker01, author = {Keith Decker and Xiaojing Zheng and Carl Schmidt}, title = {A Multi-Agent System for Automated Genetic Annotation}, booktitle = {The Fifth International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents '01)}, pages = {443--440}, year = 2001, address = {Montreal}, month = {June}, annote = {pretty cool, very fast, good use of MAS to wrap lots of DBs} } @InProceedings{NohIJCAI01, author = "Sanguk Noh and Piotr J. Gmytrasiewicz", title = "Identifying the Scope of Modeling for Time-Critical Multiagent Decision Making", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence", year = 2001, pages = {1043--1048}, address = "Seattle", PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann}, month = "August", annote ={"Decision-making in multiagent settings requires significant computational resources. Agents need to model each other to decide how to coordinate..."} } @Article{Norrie96, author = {Sivaram Balasubramanian and Douglas H. Norrie}, title = {A Multi-Agent Architecture for Concurrent Design, Process Planning, Routing and Scheduling}, journal = {International Journal of Concurrent Engineering: Research and Applications}, year = 1996, volume = 4, number = 1, pages = {7--16}, month = {March}, note = {Special Issue on the Application of Multi-Agent Systems to Concurrent Engineering, (eds. Brown, Lander and Petrie)}, annote = { http://ksi.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/DME/AnAgent.html A multi-agent architecture has been developed for the integration of design, manufacturing, and shop floor control activities. This is based on cooperating intelligent entities in the sub-domains which make decisions through negotiation, using domain-specific knowledge both distributed among the entities and accessible to them. Using this architectural framework, an Agent Based Concurrent Design Environment system has been developed for feature-based design, manufacturability evaluation, and dynamic process planning. This is a multi-agent prototype system involving the following types of agent: design agent; geometric interface agent; feature agent; part agent; machine agent; tool agent; environment manager; and shop floor manager. A new technique for evaluating manufacturability is introduced, based on interacting intelligent features of the part being designed. This proof-of-concept system was developed for three-dimensional prismatic parts, with twenty-five different feature types, but can be extended to other geometries. The system has been completed and tested, and is being integrated into a larger multi-agent environment incorporating routing, scheduling, and overall production control. } } @InProceedings{Yoon02, author = {SunWook Yoon and Alana Fern and Robert Givan}, title = {Inductive Policy Selection for First-Order {MDP}s}, booktitle = {(UAI02)}, year = 2002, annote = {talk at MIT -- learning BRPs, but the prioritization is by chance (and so is largely handled in learning the preconditions). Currently in press, get better bib...} } @Unpublished{BrysonFlack01, author = {Joanna J. Bryson and Jessica C. Flack}, title = {Emotions and Action Selection in an Artificial Life Model of Social Behavior in Non-Human Primates}, note = {in preperation} } @Unpublished{BrysonTI, author = {Joanna J. Bryson and Jonathan C. S. Leong}, title = {A two-tier model of primate learning of transitive inference: {S}eparate memory systems for rule-stimuli association pairs and their prioritisation}, note = {in preparation} } @Unpublished{BrysonMIT, author = {Joanna J. Bryson}, title = {Specialized Learning and the Design of Intelligent Agents}, annote = {old, incorrect title for my PhD (see below)} } @InProceedings{Dahl01, author = {Torbj\orn Semb Dahl and Christophe Giraud-Carrier}, title = {{PLANCS}: {C}lasses for Programming Adaptive Behaviour Based Robots}, booktitle = {{AISB'01} Symposium on Nonconscious Intelligence: From Natural to Artificial}, year = 2001, editor = {Axel Cleeremans and Pawel Lewicki} } @book{Davidson85, address = {Oxford}, title = {Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation}, publisher = {Clarendon Press}, year = {1985}, author = {D. Davidson} } @Article{oaa, author = {Martin, David L. and Cheyer, Adam J. and Moran, Douglas B.}, title = {The {O}pen {A}gent {A}rchitecture: {A} Framework for Building Distributed Software Systems}, journal = {Applied Artificial Intelligence}, year = 1999, volume = 13, number = {1--2}, pages = {91--128}, annote = {OAA} } @Article{Retsina, author = {Katia Sycara and Keith Decker and Anandeep Pannu and Mike Williamson and Dajun Zeng}, title = {Distributed Intelligent Agents}, journal = {{IEEE} Expert}, year = 1996, pages = {36--45}, month = {December}, annote = {Retsina} } @Article{hothands, author = {Thomas Gilovich and Robert Vallone and Amos Tversky}, title = {The hot hand in basketball: {O}n the misperception of random sequences}, journal = {Cognitive Psychology}, year = 1985, volume = 17, pages = {295--314} } @Article{WidrowHoff60, author = "B. Widrow and M. E. {Hoff, Jr.}", title = "Adaptive switching circuits", journal = "{IRE} {WESCON} Convention Record", volume = "4", pages = "96--104", year = "1960", annote = "[Reprinted in \cite{Anderson88}], Unchecked reference -- least mean squared LMS", } @InCollection{Anderson88, booktitle = "Neurocomputing: Foundations of Research", editor = "J. A. Anderson and E. Rosenfeld", year = "1988", address = "Cambridge, MA", publisher = "MIT Press", } @InCollection{Ishida02, author = {Toru Ishida}, title = {Interaction Design for Social Agents}, booktitle = {Web Intelligence}, publisher = {Springer}, year = {in press}, annote = {I only have a draft I reviewed, but a very interesting thing about VR in web cities -- seems to be a big project. FreeWalk -- their VR environment. collaborates with Stanford.} } @InProceedings{Clark02, author = {Ben Clark and Seth Bullock}, title = {Disturbance maintains and promostes biodiversity in an artificial plant ecology}, booktitle = {SAB 02}, year = 2002, annote = {I have the draft paper -- really interesting, nice demo of ALife, but way too short -- got made a poster.} } @Unpublished{Stevens02, author = {Jeffrey R. Stevens and David W. Stephens}, title = {Experimental tests of cooperative games: {C}lements and {S}tephens revisited}, note = {submitted to Animal Behaviour}, year = 2002, annote = {Blue Jays. Talk in hauser lab 11 feb 02 -- see notes. "These findings suggest that the jays attend to short-term consequencees; they cooperate when an immediate benefit exists (mutualism treatment) but not in the absence of that benefit (defect only), even if a long-term beefit may exist (prisoner's dilemma). The opponent control treatment suggests that, although unstable, cooperation can occur when an individual's benefits depend completely on the actions of others. This study, therefore, agrees with recent studies in concluding tht simpler, selfish models should be considered before invoking more complex explanations such as reciprocal altruism."} } @Article{Stevens01, author = {Jeffrey R. Stevens and David W. Stephens}, title = {Food sharing: {A} model of manipulation by harassment}, journal = {Behavioral Ecology}, year = {in press}, annote = {our model predicts that harrasment can be a profitable strategy if they rewap some direct benefits from harassing other than shared food (such as picking up scraps) -- owners may benefit from sharing part of the food if their consumption rate is low relative to the rate of cost accrual...} } @Article{Johnson01, author = {C. M. Johnson}, title = {Distributed primate cognition: {A} review}, journal = {Animal Cognition}, year = 2001, volume = 4, pages = {167--183}, annote = {extension of Tomasello and Call} } @Unpublished{Nilsson00, author = {Nils J. Nilsson}, title = {Learning Strategies for Mid-Level Robot Control: {S}ome Preliminary Considerations and Experiments}, note = {draft TR, available from http://www.robotics.stanford.edu/users/nilsson/trweb/tr.html}, month = {May}, year = 2000, annote = {Teleo reactive stuff, his standard robots & bars demo area --may want to give a student interested in learning.} } @InProceedings{Humphrys01, author = "Mark Humphrys", title = "Distributing a Mind on the Internet: {T}he {W}orld-{W}ide-{M}ind", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth European Conference on Artificial Life ({ECAL}01)", editor = "C. Husbands and I. Harvey", publisher = {Springer}, address = "Prague", year = 2001, annote = "AI is too hard for one person to do, so we should all put our stuff on the web and make an intelligence grid." } @Article{Musliner93, author = "David J. Musliner and Edmund H. Durfee and Kang G. Shin", title = "{CIRCA}: {A} Cooperative Intelligent Real Time Control Architecture", journal = "IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics", pages = "1561--1574", volume = "23", number = "6", month = nov # "-" # dec, year = "1993", } @InProceedings{Musliner94, author = "David J. Musliner and Kang G. Shin and Edmund H. Durfee", title = {Automating the design of real-time reactive systems}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IFAC} Symposium on AI in Real-Time Control}, year = 1994, address = {Valencia}, annote = {claims CIRCA does this -- have in file} } @Article{Ingrand98, author = {R. Alami and R. Chatila and S. Fleury and M. Ghallab and F. Ingrand}, title = {An Architecture for Autonomy}, journal = {International Journal of Robotics Research}, year = 1998, volume = 17, number = 4, annote = {PRS -- I think Ingrand recommended this article to me.} } @Article{Laird01, author = {John E. Laird and Michale van Lent}, title = {Human-Level{AI}'s Killer Application: Interactive Computer Games}, journal = {{AI} Magazine}, year = {2001}, volume = {22}, number = {2}, pages = {15--25}, annote = {runs down why you want to do games, types of them, roles for AIs} } @misc{Gajos02, title = "Delegation, Arbitration and High-Level Service Discovery As Key Elements Of A Software Infrastructure For Pervasive Computing", author = "Krzysztof Gajos and Howard Shrobe", year = "2002", note = "In submission", annote = " discovery in pervasive computing. We talk about our work which is agent based but we make no committment to MAS as the only approach. It also briefly describes Hyperglue. -- kgajos" } @INPROCEEDINGS(Gajos01, author = "Krzysztof Gajos", title = "Rascal - a Resource Manager For Multi Agent Systems In Smart Spaces", booktitle = "Proceedings of {CEEMAS} 2001", year = "2001", annote ={" The paper on Rascal -- my centralized resource management system used within societies:" -- kgajos "http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/iroom/publications/ceemas01.pdf"} ) @INPROCEEDINGS(Coen99, author = "Coen, Michael and Brenton Phillips and Nimrod Warshawsky and Luke Weisman and Stephen Peters and Peter Finin", title = "Meeting the Computational Needs of Intelligent Environments: The Metaglue System", booktitle = "Proceedings of MANSE'99", year = "1999", address = "Dublin, Ireland", annote ="And the Metaglue paper -- this describes the MAS-like infrastructure of the Intelligent Room. -- kgajos" ) @Article{Clancy00, author = {Clancy, Susan A. and Schacter, D. L. and McNally, R. J. and Pitman, R. K.}, title = {False recognition in women reporting recovered memories of sexual abuse.}, journal = {Psychol Sci}, year = 2000, volume = 11, number = 1, pages = {26--31}, note = {Erratum in: Psychol Sci 2000 May;11(3):265}, annote = { Susan Clancy is the woman I saw give a talk on later, less hassled research about alien abduction. CBB spring 2002. Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St. Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. False recognition--the mistaken belief that one has previously encountered a novel item--was examined in four groups of subjects: women reporting recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse, women who believe that they were sexually abused as children but who cannot recall this abuse (the "repressed" group), women who were sexually abused as children and always remembered the abuse, and women with no history of childhood sexual abuse. Subjects were administered a Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm. The results suggest that the recovered-memory group was more prone to false recognition than the other groups. In addition, women reporting recovered and repressed memories showed greater reduction in false recognition across study trials than did other subjects, perhaps reflecting strategic changes in performance. } } @InProceedings{Padget01, author = {Julian Padget}, title = {Modelling simple market structures in process algebras with locations}, booktitle = {AISB'01 Symposium on Software Mobility and Adaptive Behaviour}, pages = {1--9}, year = {2001}, editor = {Luc Moreau}, organization = {The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour}, publisher = {AISB}, annote = {ISBN 1 902956 22 1, url = "http://www.cs.bath.ac.uk/~jap/Papers/aisb01.ps"} } @InProceedings{Padget01, author = {Julian Padget}, title = {Modelling simple market structures in process algebras with locations}, booktitle = {AISB'01 Symposium on Software Mobility and Adaptive Behaviour}, pages = {1--9}, year = {2001}, editor = {Luc Moreau}, organization = {The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour}, publisher = {AISB}, annote = { url = "http://www.cs.bath.ac.uk/~jap/Papers/aisb01.ps" recommended by Peyman, read before interview. try to use environment to enforce social norms since code could be coming from anywhere... fish market stuff} } @Article{Couvillon92, author = {P. A. Couvillon and M. E. Bitterman}, title = {A conventional conditioning analysis of ``transitive inference'' in pigeons}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: {A}nimal Behavior Processes}, year = 1992, volume = 18, pages = {308--310}, annote = {cited by Siemann & Delius -- apparently a single-vector model of TI} } @Article{Hauser01, author = {Marc D. Hauser and T. Williams and J. D. Kralik and D. Moskovitz}, title = {What guides a search for food that has disappeared? {E}xperiments on {C}otton-{T}op {T}amarins ({S}aguinus oedipus)}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology}, year = 2001, volume = 115, number = 2, pages = {140--151} } @Article{Santos99, author = {Laurie R. Santos and B. Ericson and Marc D. Hauser}, title = {Constraints on problem solving and inhibition: {O}bject retrieval in {C}otton-{T}op {T}amarins}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology}, year = 1999, volume = 113, pages = {1--8} } @Article{Gillespie02, author = {Curtis Gillespie}, title = {Amazing Grace steals robotics show}, journal = {The International Herald Tribune}, year = 2002, month = {August 12}, annote = { get robot to reg at AAAI & then give talk (Horswill slide thing)}} @Article{Trabasso71, author = {Peter E. Bryant and Thomas Trabasso}, title = {Transitive inferences and memory in young children}, journal = {Nature}, year = 1971, volume = 232, month = {August 13}, pages = {456--458}, annote={ "The experiments demonstrate that 4 yr old children can make transitive inferences about quantity, provided that they can remember the items of information which they are asked to combine." (p. 456). Contribution: 3 things need to be controlled 1) learn adjacent pairs thoroughly, 2) test adjacent pairs during testing, 3) use more than 3 items to avoid "parroting" labels. Varied L/R & asking about "taller" or "shorter". 2 phases, 1) pairs learned to criteria of 8 of 10 in order (half subjects starting at AB, others at DE) 2) randomized pairs until 6 consecutive correct. (no info on # of failures.) Feedback was *seeing* which was longer after subjects made their guess -- for testing there was *no* feedback (no seeing). 4 tests each of the 10 possible pairs. 4.5, 5.6 & 6.7 yr old subjects. Second condition: never shown, just told which is longer or shorter (so couldn't just be remembering & comparing). For both, no sig dif between results on P(BD) & P(BC)xP(CD) => problem is remembering pairs, not doing the inference.} } @Article{Halford97, author = {Graeme S. Halford and William H. Wilson and Steven Phillips}, title = {Abstraction: Nature, Costs and Benefits}, journal = {International Journal of Educational Research}, year = 1997, volume = 27, number = 1, pages = {21--35}, annote = {something about relations vs. associations, talks about Trabasso in an interesting way but didn't really read yet. Final author is from ETL & has done a BBS target on complexity. Likes NN & cogsci.} } @Article{Bastian70, author = {H. Charlton Bastian}, title = {Facts and Reasonings concerning the heterogenous evolution of living things}, journal = {Nature}, year = 1870, month = {June 30}, pages = {170--177}, annote={ Great figure of stuff with tails becoming an "Am\{oe}ba" - "Fig. 4 Representing subdivisions of formless living matter within encysted {\em Protmyxa} and exit of products from cyst as active tailed Zorspores. [whi]ch subsequently become converted into reptant Am\{oe}ba (Haeoke)" } } @Book{Resnick94, author = {Mitchel Resnick}, title = {Turtles, Termites, and Traffic Jams: Explorations in Massively Parallel Microworlds}, publisher = mitpress, year = 1994, address = mitpress_address } @Book{Beck00, author = {Kent Beck}, title = {Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change}, publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, year = 2000, address = {Reading, MA} } @Article{Gibbon90, author = {John Gibbon and Russell M. Church}, title = {Representation of time}, journal = {Cognition}, year = 1990, volume = 37, number = {1--2}, pages = {23--54}, month = {November}, annote = {Memory representation for time was studied in two settings. First, an analysis of timing in a laboratory analog of a foraging situation revealed that departure times from a patchy resource followed a Weber Law-like property implied by scalar timing. A trial-by-trial analysis was then pursued in a similar but more structured experimental paradigm, the Peak procedure. Study of covariance structures in the data implicated scalar variance in the memory for time as well as in the decision process, but the correlation pattern ruled out multiple access to memory within a trial. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T24-45WHTWF-3/1/0a8ee2b38f3917c5ac3a8c8bf932dc69) } } @Article{Cheney90, author = {Dorothy L. Cheney and Robert M. Seyfarth}, title = {The representation of social relations by monkeys}, journal = {Cognition}, year = 1990, volume = 37, number = {1--2}, pages = {167--196}, month = {November}, annote = {Monkeys recognize the social relations that exist among others in their group. They know who associates with whom, for example, and other animals' relative dominance ranks. In addition, monkeys appear to compare types of social relations and make same/different judgements about them. In captivity, longtailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) trained to recognize the relation between one adult female and her offspring can identify the same relation among other mother-offspring pairs, and distinguish this relation from bonds between individuals who are related in a different way. In the wild, if a vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) has seen a fight between a member of its own family and a member of Family X, this increases the likelihood that it will act aggressively toward another member of Family X. Vervets act as if they recognize some similarity between their own close associates and the close associates of others. To make such comparisons the monkeys must have some way of representing the properties of social relationships. We discuss the adaptive value of such representations, the information they contain, their structure, and their limitations. [sounds like the book] (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T24-45WHTWF-8/1/82be88c014fbc198d215364f0c1c76d8)} } @Misc{Bresciani-ages02, author = {P. Bresciani and F. Sannicolo}, title = {Requirements Analysis in Tropos: A Self Referencing Example}, howpublished = {In this volume}, year = 2002, annote = {elaborate AOSE with diagrams & such, nice paper, lots of early analysis, pretty formal} } @Misc{Moraitis-ages02, author = {P. Moraitis and E. Petreki and N. Spanoudakis}, title = {Engineering Jade Agents with the {GAIA} Methodology}, howpublished = {In this volume}, year = 2002, annote = {use GAIA because its meta level doesn't conflict with the object level stuff happening in Jade OK paper, lots of work} } @Misc{Cossentino-ages02, author = {M. Cossentino and P. Burrafato and S. Lombardo and L. Sabatucci}, title = {Introducing Pattern Reuse in the Design of Multi-Agent Systems}, howpublished = {In this volume}, year = 2002, annote = {a} } @Misc{Abbasi-ages02, author = {R. Abbasi and F. Mitchell and S. Greenwood}, title = {A Framework for Inter Society Communication in Agents}, howpublished = {In this volume}, year = 2002, annote = {big ACL thingy with namespaces etc.} } @Misc{Fischmeister-ages02, author = {S. Fischmeister}, title = {Mobile software agents for location-based systems}, howpublished = {In this volume}, year = 2002, annote = {a} } @Misc{Bertolini-ages02, author = {D. Bertolini and P. Busetta and A. Molani and M. Nori and A. Perini}, title = {Designing peer-to-peer applications: an Agent-Oriented Approach}, howpublished = {In this volume}, year = 2002, annote = {a} } @Misc{Breemen-ages02, author = {A. {van Breemen}}, title = {Integrating Agents in Software Applications}, howpublished = {In this volume}, year = 2002, annote = {Philips guy with CD ap, good engineer.} } @Misc{Huget-ages02, author = {M.-P. Huget}, title = {Agent UML Class Diagrams Revisited}, howpublished = {In this volume}, year = 2002, annote = {a} } @Misc{Hilaire-ages02, author = {V. Hilaire and A. Koukam and P. Gruer}, title = {A Mechanism for Dynamic Role Playing}, howpublished = {In this volume}, year = 2002, annote = {a} } @Misc{fipa, title = {{FIPA-OS}: A component-based toolkit enabling rapid development of FIPA compliant agents}, howpublished = {http://fipa-os.sourceforge.net} } @Book{Larman01, author = {Craig Larman}, title = {Applying UML and Patterns: An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design and the Unified Process }, publisher = {Prentice Hall}, year = 2001, edition = {$2^{nd}$}, annote = {Guy at Net object days erfurt} } @Article{Kuhlmeier02, author = {Valerie A. Kuhlmeier and Sarah T. Boysen}, title = {Chimpanzees ({\em {P}an troglodytes}) recognize spatial and object correspondences between a scale model and its referent}, journal = {Psychological Science}, year = 2002, volume = 13, number = 1, pages = {60--63}, annote = { Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. valerie.kuhlmeier@yale.edu In the present study, the contributions of spatial and object features to chimpanzees' comprehension of scale models were examined. Seven chimpanzees that previously demonstrated the ability to use a scale model as an information source for the location of a hidden item were tested under conditions manipulating the feature correspondence and spatial-relational correspondence between objects in the model and an outdoor enclosure. In Experiment 1, subjects solved the task under two conditions in which one object cue (color or shape) was unavailable, but positional cues remained. Additionally, performance was above chance under a third condition in which both types of object cues, but not position cues, were available. In Experiment 2, 2 subjects solved the task under a condition in which shape and color object cues were simultaneously unavailable. The results suggest that, much like young children, chimpanzees are sensitive to both object and spatial-relational correspondences between a model and its referent. } } @Article{Kuhlmeier01, author = {Valerie A. Kuhlmeier and Sarah T. Boysen}, title = {The effect of response contingencies on scale model task performance by chimpanzees ({\em {P}an troglodytes})}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology}, year = 2001, volume = 115, number = 3, pages = {300-306}, annote = { Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. valerie.kuhlmeier@yale.edu The effects of modified procedures on chimpanzees' (Pan troglodytes) performance in a scale model comprehension task were examined. Seven chimpanzees that previously participated in a task in which they searched an enclosure for a hidden item after watching an experimenter hide a miniature item in the analogous location in a scale model were retested under procedures incorporating response costs. In Experiment 1, chimpanzees were trained under procedures that rewarded only item retrievals occurring on the 1st search attempt. During test trials, 6 chimpanzees performed above chance, including 4 that were previously unsuccessful under the original procedures (V. A. Kuhlmeier, S. T. Boysen, & K. L. Mukobi, 1999). Experiment 2 compared performance under the new and original procedures. Results indicated that for some chimpanzees, performance depended on procedures that decreased the use of competing search strategies and encouraged strategies based on information from the scale model. }} @Article{Kuhlmeier99, author = {Valerie A. Kuhlmeier and Sarah T. Boysen and K. L. Mukobi}, title = {Scale-model comprehension by chimpanzees ({\em {P}an troglodytes})}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology}, year = 2001, volume = 113, number = 4, pages = {396-402}, annote = { Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. valerie.kuhlmeier@yale.edu Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1222, USA. The ability of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to recognize the correspondence between a scale model and its real-world referent was examined. In Experiments 1 and 2, an adult female and a young adult male watched as an experimenter hid a miniature model food in 1 of 4 sites in a scale model. Then, the chimpanzees were given the opportunity to find the real food item that had been hidden in the analogous location in the real room. The female performed significantly above chance, whereas the male performed at chance level. Experiments 3 and 4 tested 5 adult and 2 adolescent chimpanzees in a similar paradigm, using a scale model of the chimpanzees' outdoor area. Results indicate that some adult chimpanzees were able to reliably demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between a scale model and the larger space it represented, whereas other subjects were constrained by inefficient and unsuccessful search patterns.}} @Book{Goodall90, author = {Jane Goodall}, title = {Through a Window: My Thirty Years with the Chimpanzees of Gombe}, publisher = {Houghton Mifflin}, year = 1990, } @Article{Spelke01, author = {Elizabeth S. Spelke and Sanna Tsivkin}, title = {Language and number: {A} bilingual training study }, journal = {Cognition}, year = 2001, volume = 78, number = 1, pages = {45-88}, annote = {Three experiments investigated the role of a specific language in human representations of number. Russian?English bilingual college students were taught new numerical operations (Experiment 1), new arithmetic equations (Experiments 1 and 2), or new geographical or historical facts involving numerical or non-numerical information (Experiment 3). After learning a set of items in each of their two languages, subjects were tested for knowledge of those items, and new items, in both languages. In all the studies, subjects retrieved information about exact numbers more effectively in the language of training, and they solved trained problems more effectively than untrained problems. In contrast, subjects retrieved information about approximate numbers and non-numerical facts with equal efficiency in their two languages, and their training on approximate number facts generalized to new facts of the same type. These findings suggest that a specific, natural language contributes to the representation of large, exact numbers but not to the approximate number representations that humans share with other mammals. Language appears to play a role in learning about exact numbers in a variety of contexts, a finding with implications for practice in bilingual education. The findings prompt more general speculations about the role of language in the development of specifically human cognitive abilities. } } @Book{McEwan92, author = {Ian Mc{E}wan}, title = {Black Dogs}, publisher = {Random House}, year = 1992, address = {London}, annote = {Why consciousness is hard to talk about... ``This is what I know. Human nature, the human heart, the spirit, the soul, consciousness itself --- call it what you like --- in the end, it's all we've got to work with. It has to develop and expand, or the sum of our misery will never diminish'' p. 172, character June speaking.} } @Article{Rice03, author = {Condoleezza Rice}, title = {Why We Know Iraq Is Lying}, journal = {The New York Times}, year = 2003, month = {January 23}, annote = { `` Iraq's declaration even resorted to unabashed plagiarism, with lengthy passages of United Nations reports copied word-for-word (or edited to remove any criticism of Iraq) and presented as original text. ''}} @Misc{Marashi03, author = {Ibrahim al-Marashi}, howpublished = {The Times (London)}, month = {07 February}, year = 2003, annote = {Dr al-Marashi said he was surprised to learn his work had been used by the British Government. "My immediate reaction was of surprise that these materials had made it into this report," he said. "I was a bit disenchanted because they never cited my article \ldots any academic, when you publish anything, the only thing you ask for in return is that they include a citation of your work. "There are laws and regulations about plagiarism that you would think the UK Government would abide by." } } @Article{Carruthers-bbs, author = {Peter Carruthers}, title = {The Cognitive Functions of Language}, journal = {Brain and Behavioral Sciences}, year = {2003}, note = {in press}, annote = { volume = 26, number = ?, month = {}, pages = {--},} } @Article{rats, author = {J. A. Dusek and H. Eichenbaum}, title = {The Hippocampus and Memory for Orderly Stimuls Relations}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, {USA}}, year = 1997, volume = 94, pages = {7109--7114} } @Article{pigeons, author = {{L. von} Fersen and C. D. L. Wynne and J. Delius and J. E. R. Staddon}, title = {Transitive inference formation in pigeons}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: {A}nimal Behavior Processes}, year = 1991, volume = 17, pages = {334--341} } @Article{Fincham02, author = {Jon M. Fincham and C. S. Carter and {V. van} Veen and V. A. Stenger and John R. Anderson}, title = {Neural mechanisms of planning: {A} computational analysis using event-related f{MRI}}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, {USA}}, year = 2002, volume = 99, number = 5, page = {3346--3351} } @InProceedings{Nielsen90, author = {Jakob Nielsen and Rolf Molich}, title = {Heuristic Evaluation of User Interfaces}, booktitle = {{CHI} '90 Proceedings}, pages = {249--256}, year = 1990, organization = {{ACM}}, annote = {says that no one expert finds all interface bugs, but if you use a bunch you are quite likely to find them all. In other words, interface bug finding is pretty random. Also talks about how there's really no way to do interface debugging formally but so then no one is doing informal (`heuristic') debugging in a formal, rigerous way. Great stats about how no one in denmark does any evaluation. Got from Hilary Johnson, used for the MSC research preparation / methods coursein 2003.} } @Article{Kummer96, author = {H. Kummer and G. Anzenberger and C. K. Hemelrijk}, title = {Hiding and perspective taking in long-tailed macaques (\textit{{M}acaca fascicularis})}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology}, year = 1996, volume = 110, number = 1, pages = {97--102}, annote = { Institute of Zoology, University of Zurich, Switzerland. Seven long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were trained by threats not to drink from a juice nipple as long as an experimenter was facing them. However, they were allowed to drink when the experimenter was standing with his or her back turned. During transfer tests, the monkeys had a choice between 2 juice nipples, one uncovered and the other hidden from the experimenter by a wooden screen, while the experimenter was facing them. We tested whether the monkeys would then prefer to drink behind the screen, thus demonstrating that they transferred knowledge acquired during training. Results did not yield a significant outcome, suggesting that the macaques did not transfer the observable "experimenter's visible open eyes" and that they did not take the experimenter's perspective. } } @InProceedings{Walker94, author = {J. H. Walker and Lee Sproull and R. Subramani}, title = {Using a Human Face in an Interface. }, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computers}, pages = {85--91}, year = 1994, address = {Boston, MA}, publisher = {ACM}, annote = {The above paper shows that people answer questions better a) if they see a face asking them rather than just text & b) even better if the face is `stern' } } @InCollection{Barnard, author = {Phil Barnard and Jon May}, title = {Interactions with Advanced Graphical Interfaces and the Deployment of Latent Human Knowledge}, booktitle = { }, pages = {15--49}, publisher = { }, year = { }, annote = {from David Duke, explains his cognitive architecture he's working with} } @InProceedings{Bullinaria02, author = {John A. Bullinaria}, title = {To Modularize or Not To Modularize}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2002 U.K. Workshop on Computational Intelligence ({UKCI}-02)}, pages = {3--10}, year = 2002, editor = {John A. Bullinaria}, publisher = {University of Birminham}, annote = {evolving networks with modularity 3-layer backprop, seperation/modularity happens for some reward functions & not others, system does best when it {\em doesn't} happen.} } @inproceedings{russell95rationality, author = "Stuart J. Russell", title = "Rationality and Intelligence", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence", publisher = "Morgan Kaufmann", address = "San Francisco", editor = "Chris Mellish", pages = "950--957", year = "1995", url = "citeseer.nj.nec.com/russell95rationality.html", annote ="will presented at BAI, seems kind of meaningless, another reference to Simon's levels of rationality. Some stuff about POMDPs rationalizing something else by showing what the best answer is." } @Article{HemelrijkBB02, author = {Charlotte K. Hemelrijk}, title = {Self-Organization and Natural Selection in the Evolution of Complex Despotic Societies}, journal = {Biological Bulletin}, year = 2002, volume = 202, number = 3, pages = {283--288} } @Article{HemelrijkAB00, author = {Charlotte K. Hemelrijk}, title = {Towards the integration of social dominance and spatial structure}, journal = {Animal Behaviour}, year = 2000, volume = 59, number = 5, pages = {1035--1048}, annote = " My aim was to show how individual-oriented (or artificial life) models may provide an integrative background for the development of theories about dominance by including effects of spatial structure. Dominance interactions are thought to serve two different, contrasting functions: acquisition of high rank and reduction of aggression. The model I present consists of a homogeneous virtual world inhabited by artificial agents whose actions are restricted to grouping and dominance interactions in which the effects of winning and losing are self-reinforcing. The two functions are implemented as strategies to initiate dominance interactions and the intensity of aggression and dominance perception (direct or memory based) are varied experimentally. Behaviour is studied by recording the same behavioural units as in real animals. Ranks appear to differentiate more clearly at high than at low intensity of aggression and also more in the case of direct than of memory-based rank perception. Strong differentiation of rank produces a cascade of unexpected effects that differ depending on which function is implemented: for instance, a decline in aggression, spatial centrality of dominants and a correlation between rank and aggression. Insight into the origination of these self-organized patterns leads to new hypotheses for the study of the social behaviour of real animals. Copyright 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour." } @InProceedings{Williams03, author = {Christopher K. I. Williams and Michalis K. Titsias}, title = {Learning About Multiple Objects in Images: {F}actorial Learning without Factorial Search}, booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 15}, year = 2003, editor = {S. Becker and S. Thrun and K. Obermayer}, publisher = mitpress, address = mitpress_address, annote = {talk he gave in Bath in April 2003} } @InCollection{Ray95, author = {T. S. Ray}, title = {An Evolutionary Approach to Synthetic Biology: {Zen} and the Art of Creating Life}, booktitle = {Artificial Life: {An} Overview}, pages = {179--210}, publisher = mitpress, year = 1995, editor = {Christopher G. Langton}, address = mitpress_address, annote = {``the objective is not to determine if the system is alive or not but to determine if the syste exhibits a `genuine' instance of some property that is a signature of living systems'' quoted in owen hugh's 2003 ug diss (bath)} } @Unpublished{Ramanath03, author = {Ana Maria Ramanath and Nigel Gilbert}, title = {Towards a Methodology of Agent-Based Social Simulation Research}, note = {presented at the AgentLink SIG on Agent-Based Social Simulation}, month = {February}, year = 2003, annote = {draft J article? sent them my dissertation in May 03 + some comments on their model. Comments attached to draft paper in file.} } @InCollection{Canamero03, author = {Lola Dolores Ca{\~{n}}amero}, title = {Designing Emotions for Activity Selection in Autonomous Agents}, booktitle = {Emotions in Humans and Artifacts}, publisher = mitpress, year = 2003, editor = {Robert Trappl and Paolo Petta and Sabine Payr}, address = mitpress_address, annote = {describes her architecture a bit and experiments a bit and the functional approach to emotions. Says her model is too complex to easily program & parameters should be evolved} } @Unpublished{MinskyEmot, author = {Marvin Minsky}, title = {The Emotion Machine}, note = {Web Draft, see \verb+http://web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/+}, month = {April}, year = 2003, annote = {fun, lots of pieces, no model. puts emotions & drives together in same rep} } @InCollection{Picard01, author = {Rosalind W. Picard}, title = {Affective Medicine: Technology with Emotional Intelligence}, booktitle = {Future of Health Technology}, publisher = {{IOS} Press}, year = 2001, editor = {Renata Glowacka Bushko}, address = {Amsterdam}, annote = {abstract: "For a long time people have kept emotions out of the deliberate tools of medicine and science; scientists, physicians, and patients have often felt and sometimes expressed emotion, but no tools could sense, measure, and respond to their affective information. A series of recent studies indicates that emotions, particularly stress, anger, and depression, are important factors with serious and significant implications for health. This paper highlights research at the MIT Media Lab aimed at giving computers the ability to comfortably sense, recognize, and respond to certain aspects of human emotion, especially affective states such as frustration, confusion, interest, stress, anger, and joy. Examples of recently developed systems are shown, including computer systems that are wearable and computers that respond to people with a kind of active listening, empathy, and sympathy. Results are reported for computer recognition of emotion, for teaching affective skills to autistics, and for having computers help users manage emotions such as frustration." ``In developing this system, we avoided language where the computr might refer to itself as `I' or otherwise give any mkisleading implications of having a `self.' '' Picard doesn.'t seem to simulate emotions --- she's about {\em understanding} them in humans. } } @Article{Breazeal03, author = {Cynthia Breazeal}, title = {Emotion and sociable humanoid robots}, journal = {International Journal of Human Computer Interaction}, year = 2003, note = {in press}, annote = {describes her PhD work, very readable. No more results than the PhD.} } @article{gratch02, Author = {Jonathan Gratch and Jeff Rickel and Elisabeth Andre and Norman Badler and Justine Cassell and Eric Petajan}, year = {2002}, title = {Creating Interactive Virtual Humans: {S}ome Assembly Required}, journal = {{IEEE} Intelligent systems}, Volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {54--63}, month = {July--August}, annote = {large-scale workshop description} } @inproceedings{marcella02, author = {Stacy Marcella and Jonathan Gratch}, year = {2002}, title = {A step toward irrationality: using emotion to change belief}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First international joint conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems}, address = {Bologna, Italy}, publisher = {{ACM} Press}, Pages = {334--341}, annote = {University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA -- describes the soldier + civilian stuff, a sketch of the architecture. Mostly about reasoning.} } @InProceedings{BlumbergIJCAI01, author = "Damian Isla and Robert Burke and Marc Downie and Bruce Blumberg", title = "A Layered Brain Architecture for Synthetic Characters", pages = "1051--1058", editor = "Bernhard Nebel", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence ({IJCAI}-01)", month = "August", publisher = "Morgan Kaufmann", address = "Seattle", year = "2001", } @Article{Komarova03, author = {N. L. Komarova and M. A. Nowak}, title = {Language dynamics in finite populations}, journal = {Journal of Theoretical Biology}, year = 2003, volume = 221, number = 3, pages = {445--457}, annote = {Any mechanism of language acquisition can only learn a restricted set of grammars. The human brain contains a mechanism for language acquisition which can learn a restricted set of grammars. The theory of this restricted set is universal grammar (UG). UG has to be sufficiently specific to induce linguistic coherence in a population. This phenomenon is known as "coherence threshold". Previously, we have calculated the coherence threshold for deterministic dynamics and infinitely large populations. Here, we extend the framework to stochastic processes and finite populations. If there is selection for communicative function (selective language dynamics), then the analytic results for infinite populations are excellent approximations for finite populations; as expected, finite populations need a slightly higher accuracy of language acquisition to maintain coherence. If there is no selection for communicative function (neutral language dynamics), then linguistic coherence is only possible for finite populations. } } @Article{Cederman03, author = {Lars-Erik Cederman}, title = {Modeling the size of wars: From billiard balls to sandpiles}, journal = {American Political Science Review}, year = 2003, volume = 97, number = 1, pages = {135--150}, annote = {Abstract: Richardson's finding that the severity of interstate wars is power law distributed belongs to the most striking empirical regularities in world politics. This is a regularity in search of a theory. Drawing on the principles of self-organized criticality, I propose an agent-based model of war and state formation that exhibits power-law regularities. The computational findings suggest that the scale-free behavior depends on a process of technological change that leads to contextually dependent, stochastic decisions to wage war. } } @Article{Cederman01, author = {Lars-Erik Cederman and M. P. Rao}, title = {Exploring the dynamics of the democratic peace}, journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution}, year = 2001, volume = 45, number = 6, pages = {818--833}, annote = {Abstract: In quantitative models of international conflict, the variables' causal effects are generally assumed to be constant over historical time. Yet, qualitative liberal theorizing, especially that of Immanuel Kant, has tended to emphasize a dynamic perspective based on the theme of progress. To bridge this gap between method-imposed stasis and theoretical dynamics, a framework featuring time-varying parameters is applied to the democratic peace hypothesis. The model strongly confirms a dynamic reinterpretation of Kant's theory. Results show that dispute probabilities decline steadily among democratic states over time, and the democratic peace hypothesis is not just a transient cold war effect. This result is robust to statistical control involving geopolitical and liberal control variables, including alliances, capabilities, and economic development. } } @book{Watt03, author = {Alan Watt and Fabio Policarpo}, year = {2003}, title = {{3D} Games: {A}dvanced Real-time Rendering and Animation}, edition = {First}, publisher = {Pearson Higher Education, Addison-Wesley}, Volume = {two}, annote ="cites with pictures Tanguy's Sheffield work." } @UNPUBLISHED{tanguy01, author = {Emmanuel Tanguy}, title = {An Abstract muscle model for facial animations}, year = {2001}, month= {May}, note = {Dissertation about a year project carried out during the third year of a computer science degree in the Univeristy of Sheffield.} } @Article{Bains00, author = {William Bains}, title = {Statistical mechanic prediction of non-{G}omperzian ageing in extremely agend populations}, journal = {Mechanisms of Ageing and Development}, year = 2000, volume = 112, pages = {89--97}, annote = {Guy / ex-prof stuart reynolds brought to my office in July 20003. Article says that outliers just happen in decay of interconnected system -- results might be that you can treat something curable rather than something incurable when people get sick AND that there's no reason to think there's good aging genes.} } @InCollection{ekman99, author = {Paul Ekman}, year = {1999}, title = {Facial expressions}, booktitle = {Handbook of Cognition and Emotion}, chapter = {16}, pages = {301--320}, publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.}, editor = {Tim Dalgeish and Mick Power (eds.)} } @Article{MAVERIK01, author = {Roger Hubbold and Jon Cook and Martin Keates and Simon Gibson and Toby Howard and Alan Murta and Adrian West and Steve Pettifer}, title = {{GNU}/{MAVERIK}: {A} Microkernel for Large-Scale Virtual Environments}, journal = {Presence: {T}eleoperators \& Virtual Environments}, year = 2001, volume = 10, number = 1, pages = {22--34} } @Article{Stromer93, author = {R. Stromer and H. A. Mackay and M. Cohen and L. T. Stoddard}, title = {Sequence Learning in Individuals with Behavioral Limitations}, journal = {Journal of Intellectual Disability Research}, year = 1993, volume = 37, number = {Part 3}, pages = {243--261}, month = {June}, annote = {The production of sequences by two mentally retarded adults and a normally capable preschooler was assessed after each was trained to touch five physically dissimilar and nonrepresentative forms in an experimenter-specified order (denoted A1-->A2-->A3-->A4-->A5). Performance on the 10 constituent two-term sequences was examined (e.g. A-->A2, A2-->A3, Al-->A3 and A2-->A4). The probe data were largely consistent with the five-term sequence performance trained explicitly and suggest the formation of stimulus relations based on relative position rather than a rote stimulus-response chain. The procedures and results were replicated with a second five-term sequence (B1-->B2-->B3-->B4-->B5). The subjects' performances were also assessed on trials in which mixtures of the two sets of stimuli were presented as either two-term probes (e.g. A2-->B4 and B2-->A4; with all three subjects) or five-term probes (e.g. A1-->B2-->A3-->B4-->A5; with the two adult subjects). Again, the subjects' performances were consistent with their baseline training. The mixed-probe data extend prior research on sequence production and suggest the formation of classes of mutually substitutable sequence stimuli. The overall findings highlight the importance of experiential variables in the formation of ordinal relations in developmentally limited individuals. KeyWords Plus: TRANSITIVE INFERENCES, YOUNG-CHILDREN, EQUIVALENCE CLASSES, SERIAL ORDER, POSITION, MONKEYS, PIGEON Addresses: STROMER R, EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER CTR MENTAL RETARDAT INC,DIV BEHAV SCI,200 TRAPELO RD,WALTHAM,MA 02254 NORTHEASTERN UNIV,WALTHAM,MA } } @Article{Wright01, author = {Barlow C. Wright}, title = {Reconceptualizing the Transitive Inference Ability: {A} Framework for Existing and Future Research}, journal = {Developmental Review}, year = 2001, volume = 21, number = 4, pages = {375--422}, month = {December}, annote = {It has often been claimed that to demonstrate transitive inference is to demonstrate a logical ability, and by implication that transitivity as a property is generally a logical entity. Both claims are considered using a theoretically driven analysis together with consideration of relevant existing experimental research and some newly reported findings. This approach suggests an account of transitivity and transitive inferential reasoning that differs not only from the classic Piagetian account, but also from the information processing account so dominant today. We begin by considering one important issue, that the "logical" definitional criterion can only be approached if individuals are required to demonstrate a capacity for transitive inference that is discriminative in nature. This, together with interpretation of findings from existing transitive tasks, leads to the postulate of a three-component psychological system, with the components relying on perceptual, linguistic, and conceptual subprocesses and sensitivity to simple cues. The framework is testable and accommodates important aspects of classic and modern accounts of "transitive development" that until now have been taken to be mutually exclusive. It also readily accommodates both human and nonhuman research, yet neither a formal logical structure nor memory in any general sense need be assigned the primary role. Wright BC, Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3UD, England } } @Article{Baroody99, author = {Arthur J. Baroody}, title = {The development of basic counting, number, and arithmetic knowledge among children classified as mentally handicapped}, journal = {International Review of Research in Mental Retardation}, year = 1999, volume = 22, pages = {51--103}, annote = {might be worth looking at, though he doesn't have much web presence (1987 text book)} } @ARTICLE{Davis92, AUTHOR={Hank Davis}, TITLE={Transitive Inference in Rats (Rattus norvegicus)}, JOURNAL={Journal of Comparative Psychology}, YEAR={1992}, Volume={106}, Number={4}, Pages={342--349}, Month={}, annote={JL: Early transitive inference work in rats} } @ARTICLE{Vanelzakker03, AUTHOR={Michael Van Elzakker and Randall C. O{’R}eilly and Jerry W. Rudy}, TITLE={Transitivity, Flexibility, Conjunctive Representations, and the Hippocampus. I. An Empirical Analysis}, JOURNAL={Hippocampus}, YEAR={2003}, Volume={13}, Number={}, Pages={334--340}, Month={}, annote={JL: Experimental behavioral transitive inference work in rats supporting value transfer and a two-tiered representation.} } @ARTICLE{Frank03, AUTHOR={Michael J. Frank and Jerry W. Rudy and Randall C. O{’R}eilly}, TITLE={Transitivity, Flexibility, Conjunctive Representations, and the Hippocampus. II. A Computational Analysis}, JOURNAL={Hippocampus}, YEAR={2003}, Volume={13}, Number={}, Pages={341--354}, Month={}, annote={JL: Modeling transitive inference work in rats with a two-tiered representation.} } @ARTICLE{Cohen01, AUTHOR={Jerome S. Cohen and Christine Drummond and Nicole Terrelonge}, TITLE={Value transfer in simultaneous object discriminations by rats}, JOURNAL={Animal Learning and Behavior}, YEAR={2001}, Volume={29}, Number={4}, Pages={326--335}, Month={}, Note={} } @ARTICLE{Treichler03, AUTHOR={F. Robert Treichler and Mary Ann Raghanti and Debra N. Van Tilburg}, TITLE={Linking of Serially Ordered Lists by Macaque Monkeys ({\em Macaca mulatta}): {L}ist Position Influences}, JOURNAL={Journal of Experimental Psychology: {A}nimal Behavior Processes}, YEAR={2003}, Volume={29}, Number={3}, Pages={211--221}, Month={}, annote={JL: Experimental behavioral transitive inference work investigationg serial representations.} } @ARTICLE{Vonfersen91, AUTHOR={Lorenzo {von Fersen} and C. D. L. Wynne and Juan D. Delius and J. E. R. Staddon}, TITLE={Transitive Inference Formation in Pigeons}, JOURNAL={Journal of Experimental Psychology: {A}nimal Behavior Processes}, YEAR={1991}, Volume={17}, Number={3}, Pages={334--341}, Month={}, annote={Original value transfer paper. JLeong-"This is the one that presents the value transfer model. They do a 5 series, a 7 series test, and a closed-loop 7 series test and their data seems to be pretty solid evidence for the value transfer model. "} } @ARTICLE{Zentall94, AUTHOR={Thomas R. Zentall and Lou M. Sherburne}, TITLE={Transfer of Value From {S+} to {S-} in a Simultaneous Discrimination}, JOURNAL={Journal of Experimental Psychology: {A}nimal Behavior Processes}, YEAR={1994}, Volume={20}, Number={2}, Pages={176--183}, Month={}, annote={Follow-up value transfer paper in pigeons.} } @ARTICLE{Gillan81, AUTHOR={D.