@article{
   Author = {Abbot, F. K. and Mack, M. and Wolf, S.},
   Title = {The action of banthine on the stomach and duodenum of man with observations on the effects of placebos},
   Journal = {Gastroenterology},
   Volume = {20},
   Pages = {249-261},
 Year = {1952} }



@article{
   Author = {Ader, Robert and Cohen, Nicholas},
   Title = {Behaviorally conditioned immunosuppression},
   Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine},
   Volume = {37},
   Pages = {333-340},
 Year = {1975} }



@phdthesis{
   Author = {Alem, Mohammad Amin Al Alem},
   Title = {Placebo mechanisms in the treatment of post-operative morbidity},
   School = {University College London},
   Type = {MSc Dissertation},
 Year = {1987} }



@article{
   Author = {Anonymous},
   Title = {The humble humbug},
   Journal = {The Lancet},
   Volume = {ii},
   Pages = {321},
 Year = {1954} }



@book{
   Author = {Anonymous},
   Title = {The Dhammapada},
   Publisher = {Penguin},
   Address = {Harmondsworth},
 Year = {1973} }



@article{
   Author = {Bartfai, Tamas},
   Title = {Telling the brain about pain},
   Journal = {Nature},
   Volume = {410},
   Pages = {425-427},
 Year = {2001} }



@article{
   Author = {Baumann, Heinz and Gauldie, Jack},
   Title = {The acute phase response},
   Journal = {Immunology Today},
   Volume = {15},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {74-80},
 Year = {1994} }



@article{
   Author = {Beecher, Henry K.},
   Title = {The powerful placebo},
   Journal = {Journal of the American Medical Association},
   Volume = {159},
   Pages = {1602-6},
 Year = {1955} }



@article{
   Author = {Benedetti, Fabrizio and Amanzio, Martina and Baldi, Sergio and Casadio, Caterina and Cavallo, Antonio and Mancuso, Maurizio and Ruffini, Enrico and Oliaro, Alberto and Maggi, Giuliano},
   Title = {The specific effects of prior opioid exposure on placebo analgesia and placebo respiratory depression},
   Journal = {Pain},
   Volume = {75},
   Pages = {313-319},
 Year = {1998} }



@article{
   Author = {Benveniste, J.},
   Title = {Meta-analysis of homeopathy trials (correspondence)},
   Journal = {The Lancet},
   Volume = {351},
 Year = {1998} }



@article{
   Author = {Berman, J. S. and Norton, N. C.},
   Title = {Does professional training make a therapist more effective?},
   Journal = {Psychological Bulletin},
   Volume = {98},
   Pages = {401-407},
 Year = {1985} }



@article{
   Author = {Blackwell, Barry and Bloomfield, Saul S. and Buncher, C. Ralph},
   Title = {Demonstration to medical students of placebo responses and non-drug factors},
   Journal = {The Lancet},
   Volume = {1},
   Pages = {1279-1282},
 Year = {1972} }



@article{
   Author = {Blalock, J. Edwin},
   Title = {The immune system as a sensory organ},
   Journal = {The Journal of Immunology},
   Volume = {132},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {1067-1070},
 Year = {1984} }



@book{
   Author = {BMA, Board of Science and Education},
   Title = {Acupuncture: Efficacy, Safety and Practice},
   Publisher = {Harwood},
   Address = {London},
 Year = {2000} }



@article{
   Author = {Bobak, M. and Donald, A.},
   Title = {Meta-analysis of homeopathy trials (correspondence)},
   Journal = {The Lancet},
   Volume = {351},
 Year = {1998} }



@article{
   Author = {Bovbjerg, D. H. and Redd, W. H. and Maier, L. A. and Holland, J. C. and Lesko, L. M. and Niedzwiecki, D. and Rubin, S. C. and Hakes, T. B.},
   Title = {Anticipatory immune suppression and nausea in women receiving cyclic chemotherapy for ovarian cancer},
   Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology},
   Volume = {58},
   Pages = {153-157},
 Year = {1990} }



@article{
   Author = {Branthwaite, A. and Cooper, P.},
   Title = {Analgesic effects of branding in treatment of headaches},
   Journal = {British Medical Journal},
   Volume = {282},
   Pages = {1576-1578},
 Year = {1981} }



@article{
   Author = {Brown, Phyllida},
   Title = {Cinderella goes to the ball},
   Journal = {Nature},
   Volume = {410},
   Pages = {1018-1020},
 Year = {2001} }



@book{
   Author = {Buckman, Robert and Sabbagh, Karl},
   Title = {Magic or Medicine? An Investigation of Healing and Healers},
   Publisher = {Pan Books},
   Address = {London},
 Year = {1993} }



@misc{
   Author = {Burne, Jerome},
   Title = {Healing in Harmony},
   Pages = {9-17},
   Month = {26 February 2000},
 Year = {2000} }



@article{
   Author = {Cannon, Walter B.},
   Title = {Voodoo death},
   Journal = {American Anthropologist},
   Volume = {44},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {169-181},
 Year = {1942} }



@article{
   Author = {Charlton, B. G.},
   Title = {The malaise theory of depression: major depressive disorder is sickness behavior and antidepressants are analgesic},
   Journal = {Medical Hypotheses},
   Volume = {54},
   Pages = {1-5},
 Year = {2000} }



@book{
   Author = {Cherniak, Christopher},
   Title = {Minimal Rationality},
   Publisher = {MIT Press},
   Address = {Cambridge, MA
London},
 Year = {1986} }



@book{
   Author = {Cicero},
   Title = {De Divinatione},
   Publisher = {Harvard University Press},
   Address = {Cambridge, MA},
 Year = {1964} }



@article{
   Author = {Cobb, L. A. and Thomas, G. I. and Dillard, D. H. and Merendino, K. A. and Bruce, R. A.},
   Title = {An evaluation of internal mammary artery ligation by a double-blind technic},
   Journal = {New England Journal of Medicine},
   Volume = {20},
   Pages = {1115-1118},
 Year = {1959} }



@article{
   Author = {Crocetti, Michael and Moghbeli, Nooshi and Serwint, Janet},
   Title = {Fever phobia revisited: have parental misconceptions about fever changed in 20 years?},
   Journal = {Pediatrics},
   Volume = {107},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {1241-1246},
 Year = {2001} }



@article{
   Author = {Dale, A. and Cornwell, S.},
   Title = {The role of lavender oil in relieving perineal discomfort following childbirth: a blind, randomised clinical trial},
   Journal = {Journal of Advanced Nursing},
   Volume = {19},
   Pages = {89-96},
 Year = {1994} }



@book{
   Author = {Davies, Robertson},
   Title = {The Merry Heart},
   Publisher = {McClelland and Stewart},
   Address = {Toronto},
 Year = {1996} }



@article{
   Author = {de Craen, A. J. and Moerman, D. E. and Heisterkamp, S. H. and Tytgat, G. N. and Tijssen, J. G. and Kleijnen, J.},
   Title = {Placebo effect in the treatment of duodenal ulcer},
   Journal = {British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology},
   Volume = {48},
   Pages = {853-60},
 Year = {1999} }



@article{
   Author = {DeMarco, C. Wesley},
   Title = {On the impossibility of placebo effects in psychotherapy},
   Journal = {Philosophical Psychology},
   Volume = {11},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {207-227},
 Year = {1988} }



@article{
   Author = {Diamond, E. G. and Kittle, C. F. and Crockett, J. E.},
   Title = {Evaluation of internal mammary ligation and sham procedure in angina pectoris},
   Journal = {Circulation},
   Volume = {18},
   Pages = {712-713},
 Year = {1958} }



@book{
   Author = {Diamond, John},
   Title = {Snake Oil},
   Publisher = {Vintage},
   Address = {London},
 Year = {2001} }



@book{
   Author = {Dineen, Tanna},
   Title = {Manufacturing Victims: What the Psychology Industry is Doing to People},
   Publisher = {Constable},
   Address = {London},
 Year = {1999} }



@article{
   Author = {Dormandy, T. L.},
   Title = {In praise of peroxidation},
   Journal = {Lancet},
   Volume = {2},
   Pages = {1126-8},
 Year = {1988} }



@article{
   Author = {Dubinsky, M. and Ferguson, J. H.},
   Title = {Analysis of the National Institutes of Health Medicare coverage assessment},
   Journal = {International Journal of Technology  and Assessment in Health Care},
   Volume = {6},
   Pages = {480-8},
 Year = {1990} }



@book{
   Author = {Endler, P. C. and Schulte, J.},
   Title = {Ultra-High Dilution: Physiology and Physics},
   Publisher = {Kluwer},
   Address = {Dordrecht},
 Year = {1994} }



@book{
   Author = {Epstein, W. M.},
   Title = {The Illusion of Psychotherapy},
   Publisher = {Transaction},
   Address = {New Brunswick},
 Year = {1985} }



@article{
   Author = {Ernst, Edzard},
   Title = {Placebo: what would we do without it?},
   Journal = {European Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation},
   Volume = {4},
   Pages = {33},
 Year = {1994} }



@article{
   Author = {Ernst, E. and Resch, K. L.},
   Title = {Concept of true and perceived placebo effects},
   Journal = {British Medical Journal},
   Volume = {311},
   Pages = {551-3},
 Year = {1995} }



@incollection{
   Author = {Ernst, Edzard},
   Title = {Direct risks associated with complementary therapies},
   BookTitle = {Complementary Medicine},
   Editor = {Ernst, Edzard},
   Publisher = {Butterworth-Heinemann},
   Address = {Oxford},
   Pages = {112-125},
 Year = {1996} }



@book{
   Author = {Evans, Phil and Hucklebridge, Frank and Clow, Angela},
   Title = {Mind, Immunity and Health: The Science of Psychoneuroimmunology},
   Publisher = {Free Association Books},
   Address = {London and New York},
 Year = {2000} }



@book{
   Author = {Evans, Dylan},
   Title = {Placebo: The Belief Effect},
   Publisher = {HarperCollins},
   Address = {London},
 Year = {2003} }



@article{
   Author = {Eysenck, H. J.},
   Title = {The effects of psychotherapy: an evaluation},
   Journal = {Journal of Consulting Psychology},
   Volume = {16},
   Pages = {319-24},
 Year = {1952} }



@article{
   Author = {Fisher, Seymour and Greenberg, Roger P.},
   Title = {How sound is the double-blind design for evaluating psychotropic drugs?},
   Journal = {Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease},
   Volume = {181},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {345-350},
 Year = {1993} }



@article{
   Author = {Fuente-Fernandez, Raul de la and Ruth, Thomas J. and Sossi, Vesna and Schulzer, Michael and Calne, Donald B. and Stoessl, A. Jon},
   Title = {Expectation and dopamine release: mechanism of the placebo effect in Parkinson's disease},
   Journal = {Science},
   Volume = {293},
   Pages = {1164-1166},
 Year = {2001} }



@article{
   Author = {Galloway, John},
   Title = {Getting the point across},
   Journal = {Nature},
   Volume = {409},
   Pages = {560-1},
 Year = {2001} }



@book{
   Author = {Garrison, F. H.},
   Title = {An Introduction to the History of Medicine (4th edition)},
   Publisher = {W. B. Saunders},
   Address = {Philadelphia},
 Year = {1929} }



@book{
   Author = {Glover, Edward},
   Title = {The Technique of Psychoanalysis},
   Publisher = {International Universities Press},
   Address = {New York},
 Year = {1955} }



@article{
   Author = {Gracely, Richard H. and Dubner, Ronald and Deeter, William R. and Wolskee, Patricia J.},
   Title = {Clinicians' expectations influence placebo analgesia},
   Journal = {The Lancet},
   Volume = {1},
   Pages = {43},
 Year = {1985} }



@article{
   Author = {Gratzer, Walter},
   Title = {The biotechnologist's jungle book},
   Journal = {Nature},
   Volume = {406},
   Pages = {235-236},
 Year = {2000} }



@article{
   Author = {Greene, B. M. and Taylor, H. R. and Cupp, E. W. and Murphy, R. P. and White, A. T. and Aziz, M. A. and Schulz-Key, H. and D'Anna, S. A. and Newland, H. S. and Goldschmidt, L. P.},
   Title = {Comparison of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine in the treatment of onchocerciasis},
   Journal = {New England Journal of Medicine},
   Volume = {313},
   Pages = {133-138},
 Year = {1985} }



@book{
   Author = {Greenhalgh, Trisha},
   Title = {How to Read a Paper: The Basics of Evidence Based Medicine},
   Publisher = {BMJ Books},
   Address = {London},
 Year = {2001} }



@article{
   Author = {Grunbaum, Adolf},
   Title = {The placebo concept},
   Journal = {Behavioral Research and Therapy},
   Volume = {19},
   Pages = {157-167},
 Year = {1981} }



@book{
   Author = {Haggard, H. W.},
   Title = {The Doctor in History},
   Publisher = {Yale University Press},
   Address = {New Haven},
 Year = {1934} }



@article{
   Author = {Hamilton, Garry},
   Title = {Dead man walking},
   Journal = {New Scientist},
   Volume = {171},
   Number = {2303},
   Pages = {30},
 Year = {2001} }



@book{
   Editor = {Harrington, Anne},
   Title = {The Placebo Effect: An Interdisciplinary Exploration},
   Publisher = {Harvard University Press},
   Address = {Cambridge, MA & London},
 Year = {1997} }



@article{
   Author = {Hashish, I. and Harvey, W. and Harris, M.},
   Title = {Anti-inflammatory effects of ultrasound therapy: evidence for a major placebo effect},
   Journal = {British Journal of Rheumatology},
   Volume = {25},
   Pages = {77-81},
 Year = {1986} }



@article{
   Author = {Hashish, Ibrahim and Hai, Ho Kee and Harvey, Wilson and Feinmann, Charlotte and Harris, Malcolm},
   Title = {Reduction of postoperative pain and swelling by ultrasound treatment: a placebo effect},
   Journal = {Pain},
   Volume = {33},
   Pages = {303-311},
 Year = {1988} }



@book{
   Author = {Hay, Louise L.},
   Title = {You Can Heal Your Life},
   Publisher = {Eden Grove Editions},
   Address = {Enfield},
 Year = {1984} }



@book{
   Author = {Healey, David},
   Title = {The Antidepressant Era},
   Publisher = {Harvard University Press},
   Address = {Cambridge, Mass. and London, England},
 Year = {1997} }



@article{
   Author = {Herrnstein, R. J.},
   Title = {Placebo effect in the rat},
   Journal = {Science},
   Volume = {138},
   Pages = {677-678},
 Year = {1962} }



@article{
   Author = {Hill, Austin Bradford},
   Title = {Medical ethics and controlled trials},
   Journal = {British Medical Journal},
   Volume = {1},
   Pages = {1043-1049},
 Year = {1963} }



@article{
   Author = {Holroyd, K. A. and Penzian, D. B.},
   Title = {Pharmacological versus non-pharmacological prophylaxis of recurrent migraine headache: a meta-analytic review of clinical trials},
   Journal = {Pain},
   Volume = {42},
   Pages = {1-13},
 Year = {1990} }



@book{
   Author = {House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology},
   Title = {Complementary and Alternative Medicine (HL Paper 123)},
   Publisher = {Stationery Office},
   Address = {London},
 Year = {2000} }



@article{
   Author = {Hrobjartsson, Asbjorn and Gotzsche, Peter C.},
   Title = {Is the placebo powerless?  An analysis of clinical trials comparing placebo with no treatment},
   Journal = {The New England Journal of Medicine},
   Volume = {344},
   Pages = {1594-1602},
 Year = {2001} }



@incollection{
   Author = {Humphrey, Nicholas},
   Title = {Great expectations: the evolutionary psychology of faith-healing and the placebo effect},
   BookTitle = {The Mind Made Flesh: Essays from the Frontier of Evolution and Psychology},
   Editor = {Humphrey, Nicholas},
   Publisher = {Oxford University Press, 2002, chapter 19.},
   Address = {Oxford},
 Year = {2000} }



@article{
   Author = {Ingelfinger, Franz J.},
   Title = {Arrogance},
   Journal = {New England Journal of Medicine},
   Volume = {303},
   Pages = {1507-11},
 Year = {1980} }



@incollection{
   Author = {Kaptchuk, Ted J. and Edwards, Roger A. and Eisenberg, David M.},
   Title = {Complementary medicine: efficacy beyond the placebo effect},
   BookTitle = {Complementary Medicine: An Objective Appraisal},
   Editor = {Ernst, Edzard},
   Publisher = {Butterworth Heinemann},
   Address = {Oxford},
   Pages = {42-70},
 Year = {1996} }



@article{
   Author = {Kennedy, W. P.},
   Title = {The nocebo reaction},
   Journal = {Medical World},
   Volume = {91},
   Pages = {203-205},
 Year = {1961} }



@article{
   Author = {Kent, S. and Bluthe, R. -M. and Kelly, K. W. and Dantzer, R.},
   Title = {Sickness behaviour as a new target for drug development},
   Journal = {Trends in Pharmacological Sciences},
   Volume = {13},
   Pages = {24-28},
 Year = {1992} }



@article{
   Author = {Kienle, Gunver S. and Kiene, Helmut},
   Title = {The powerful placebo effect: fact or fiction?},
   Journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
   Volume = {50},
   Number = {12},
   Pages = {1311-1318},
 Year = {1997} }



@article{
   Author = {Kirsch, Irving and Sapirstein, Guy},
   Title = {Listening to Prozac but hearing placebo: a meta-analysis of antidepressant medication},
   Journal = {Prevention and Treatment},
   Volume = {1, article 0002a},
 Year = {1998} }



@article{
   Author = {Kirschbaum, C. and Jabaij, L. and Buske-Kirschbaum, A. and Hennig, J. and Blom, M. and Dorst, K. and Bauch, J. and DiPauli, R. and Schmitz, G. and Ballieux, R. and Hellhammer, D.},
   Title = {Conditioning of drug-induced immunomodulation in human volunteers: a European collaborative study},
   Journal = {British Journal of Clinical Psychology},
   Volume = {31},
   Pages = {459-472},
 Year = {1992} }



@book{
   Author = {Kleinman, A.},
   Title = {Rethinking Psychiatry},
   Publisher = {Free Press},
   Address = {New York},
 Year = {1988} }



@article{
   Author = {Klopfer, Bruno},
   Title = {Psychological variables in human cancer},
   Journal = {Journal of Projective Techniques},
   Volume = {21},
   Pages = {221-340},
 Year = {1957} }



@book{
   Author = {Kluger, M. J.},
   Title = {Fever: Its Biology, Evolution and Function},
   Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
   Address = {Princeton},
 Year = {1979} }



@incollection{
   Author = {Kluger, M. J. and Kozak, W. and Mayfield, K. P.},
   Title = {Fever and immunity},
   BookTitle = {Psychoneuroimmunology},
   Editor = {Ader, Robert and Felten, David L. and Cohen, Nicholas},
   Publisher = {Academic Press},
   Address = {San Diego},
   Volume = {1},
   Pages = {687-701},
 Year = {2001} }



@book{
   Editor = {Kruger, Lorenz and Daston, Lorrain J. and Heidelberger, Michael},
   Title = {The Probabilistic Revolution. Volume I: Ideas in History},
   Publisher = {MIT Press},
   Address = {Cambridge, Mass. and London, England},
 Year = {1987} }



@article{
   Author = {Lasagna, Louis},
   Title = {Placebos},
   Journal = {Scientific American},
   Volume = {193},
   Pages = {68-71},
 Year = {1955} }



@incollection{
   Author = {Launso, L.},
   Title = {How to kiss a monster},
   BookTitle = {Studies in Alternative Therapy 1},
   Editor = {Johannessen, H. and Launso, L. and Gosvigolesen, S. and Stangard, F.},
   Publisher = {Odense University Press},
   Address = {Denmark},
 Year = {1994} }



@book{
   Author = {Le Fanu, James},
   Title = {The Rise and Fall of Modern Medicine},
   Publisher = {Little, Brown},
   Address = {London},
 Year = {1999} }



@article{
   Author = {Lehmann, H. E.},
   Title = {Before they called it psychopharmacology},
   Journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology},
   Volume = {8},
   Pages = {291-303},
 Year = {1993} }



@book{
   Author = {Levi-Strauss, Claude},
   Title = {Structural Anthropology, Volume 1},
   Publisher = {Penguin},
   Address = {Harmondsworth},
 Year = {1968} }



@article{
   Author = {Levine, Jon D. and Gordon, Newton C. and Fields, Howard L.},
   Title = {The mechanism of placebo analgesia},
   Journal = {The Lancet},
   Volume = {2},
   Pages = {654-657},
 Year = {1978} }



@article{
   Author = {Lick, J. R.},
   Title = {Expectancy, false galvanic skin response feedback and systematic desensitisation in the modification of phobic behaviour},
   Journal = {Journal of Counselling and Clinical Psychology},
   Volume = {43},
   Pages = {557-567},
 Year = {1975} }



@article{
   Author = {Lilienfeld, Abraham M.},
   Title = {Ceteris paribus: the evolution of the clinical trial},
   Journal = {Bulletin of the History of Medicine},
   Volume = {56},
   Pages = {1-18},
 Year = {1982} }



@article{
   Author = {Linde, Klaus and Clausius, Nicola and Ramirez, Gilbert and Melchart, Dieter and Eitel, Florian and Hedges, Larry V. and Jonas, Wayne B.},
   Title = {Are the clinical effects of homeopathy placebo effects? A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials},
   Journal = {The Lancet},
   Volume = {350},
   Pages = {834-843},
 Year = {1997} }



@article{
   Author = {Longo, D. L. and Duffey, P. L. and Kopp, W. C. and Heyes, M. P. and Alvord, W. G. and Sharfman, W. H. and Schmidt, P. J. and Rubinow, D. R. and Rosenstein, D. L.},
   Title = {Conditioned immune response to interferon gamma in humans},
   Journal = {Clinical Immunology},
   Volume = {90},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {173-81},
 Year = {1999} }



@article{
   Author = {Lynn, B.},
   Title = {Neurogenic inflammation},
   Journal = {Skin Pharmacology},
   Volume = {1},
   Pages = {217-224},
 Year = {1988} }



@article{
   Author = {Maes, M. and Bosmans, E. and Suy, E. and Vandervorst, C. and Dejonckheere, C. and Minner, B. and Raus, J.},
   Title = {Depression-related disturbances in mitogen-induced lymphocyte responses, interleukin-1B and soluble interleukin-2-receptor production},
   Journal = {Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia},
   Volume = {84},
   Pages = {379-386},
 Year = {1991} }



@article{
   Author = {Maier, Steven F. and Watkins, Linda R.},
   Title = {Cytokines for psychologists: implications of bidirectional immune-to-brain communication for understanding behavior, mood, and cognition},
   Journal = {Psychological Review},
   Volume = {105},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {83-107},
 Year = {1998} }



@incollection{
   Author = {Maier, Steven F. and Waktins, Linda R. and Nance, Dwight M.},
   Title = {Multiple routes of action of interleukin-1 on the nervous system},
   BookTitle = {Psychoneuroimmunology},
   Editor = {Ader, Robert and Felten, David L. and Cohen, Nicholas},
   Publisher = {Academic Press},
   Address = {San Diego},
   Volume = {1},
   Pages = {563-583},
 Year = {2001} }



@book{
   Author = {Martin, Paul},
   Title = {The Sickening Mind: Brain,  Behaviour, Immunity and Disease},
   Publisher = {Harper Collins},
   Address = {London},
 Year = {1997} }



@article{
   Author = {McQuay, Henry and Carroll, Dawn and Moore, Andrew},
   Title = {Variation in the placebo effect in randomised controlled trials of analgesics: all is as blind as it seems},
   Journal = {Pain},
   Volume = {64},
   Pages = {331-335},
 Year = {1995} }



@article{
   Author = {Moerman, D. E.},
   Title = {Cultural variations in the placebo effect: ulcers, anxiety, and blood pressure},
   Journal = {Medical Anthropology Quarterly},
   Volume = {14},
   Pages = {1-22},
 Year = {2000} }



@article{
   Author = {Montgomery, Guy H. and Kirsch, Irving},
   Title = {Classical conditioning and the placebo effect},
   Journal = {Pain},
   Volume = {72},
   Pages = {107-113},
 Year = {1997} }



@book{
   Author = {Morgan, Elaine},
   Title = {The Scars of Evolution},
   Publisher = {Penguin},
   Address = {Harmondsworth},
 Year = {1990} }



@article{
   Author = {Moseley, J. B. and Wray, N. P. and Kuykendall, D. and Wills, K. and Landon, G.},
   Title = {Arthroscopic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.  Results of a pilot study.},
   Journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
   Volume = {24},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {28-34},
 Year = {1996} }



@article{
   Author = {Motluk, Alison},
   Title = {Hearts and minds: treating depression can pave the way to a healther heart},
   Journal = {New Scientist},
   Pages = {16},
   Month = {22 May 1999},
 Year = {1999} }



@book{
   Author = {Nesse, Randolp and Williams, George},
   Title = {Why We Get Sick},
   Publisher = {Times Books},
   Address = {New York},
 Year = {1994} }



@article{
   Author = {Nesse, Randolph M.},
   Title = {Is depression an adaptation?},
   Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
   Volume = {57},
   Pages = {14-20},
 Year = {2000} }



@article{
   Author = {Park, L. C. and Covi, L.},
   Title = {Nonblind placebo trial},
   Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
   Volume = {12},
   Pages = {336-345},
 Year = {1965} }



@article{
   Author = {Patel, M. S.},
   Title = {Problems in the evaluation of alternative medicine},
   Journal = {Social Science Medicine},
   Volume = {25},
   Pages = {669-678},
 Year = {1987} }



@article{
   Author = {Pepper, O. H. P.},
   Title = {A note on placebo},
   Journal = {Ann. J. Pharm.},
   Volume = {117},
   Pages = {409-12},
 Year = {1945} }



@article{
   Author = {Phillips, D. P. and Smith, D. G.},
   Title = {Postponement of death until symbolically meaningful occasions},
   Journal = {Journal of the American Medical Association},
   Volume = {263},
   Number = {14},
   Pages = {1947-51},
 Year = {1990} }



@book{
   Author = {Porter, Roy},
   Title = {The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity from Antiquity to the Present},
   Publisher = {Harper Collins},
   Address = {London},
 Year = {1997} }



@article{
   Author = {Prioleau, L. and Murdock, M. and Brody, N.},
   Title = {An analysis of psychotherapy versus placebo studies},
   Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
   Volume = {6},
   Pages = {275-285},
 Year = {1983} }



@article{
   Author = {Putsep, Katrin and Branden, Carl-Ivar and Boman, Hans G. and Normark, Staffan},
   Title = {Antibacterial peptide from H. pylori},
   Journal = {Nature},
   Volume = {398},
   Pages = {671-672},
 Year = {1999} }



@article{
   Author = {Rabkin, J. G. and Markowitz, J. S. and Stewart, J. and McGrath, P. and Harrison, W. and Quitkin, F. M. and Klein, D. S.},
   Title = {How blind is blind? Assessment of patient and doctor medication guesses in a placebo-controlled trial of imipramine and phenelzine},
   Journal = {Pyschiatric Research},
   Volume = {19},
   Pages = {75-86},
 Year = {1986} }



@book{
   Author = {Randi, James},
   Title = {The Faith Healers},
   Publisher = {Prometheus Books},
   Address = {Amherst, NY},
 Year = {1989} }



@article{
   Author = {Rosenzweig, Pierre and Brohier, Sylvie and Zipfel, Andreas},
   Title = {The placebo effect in healthy volunteers: influence of experimental conditions on the adverse events profile during phase I studies},
   Journal = {Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics},
   Volume = {54},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {578-583},
 Year = {1993} }



@book{
   Author = {Russell, Bertrand},
   Title = {Logic and Knowledge},
   Publisher = {Putnam},
   Address = {New York},
 Year = {1971} }



@article{
   Author = {Sackett, D. L. and Rosenberg, W. M. C. and Gray, J. A. M. and Haynes, R. B. and Richardson, W. S.},
   Title = {Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't},
   Journal = {British Medical Journal},
   Volume = {312},
   Pages = {71-2},
 Year = {1996} }



@article{
   Author = {Sapolsky, R. M. and Alberts, S. C. and Altmann, J.},
   Title = {Hypercortisolism associated with social subordination or social isolation among wild baboons},
   Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
   Volume = {54},
   Number = {12},
   Pages = {1137-1143},
 Year = {1997} }



@article{
   Author = {Schapira, Kurt and McClelland, H. A. and Griffiths, N. R. and Newells, D. J.},
   Title = {Study on the effects of tablet colour in the treatment of anxiety states},
   Journal = {British Medical Journal},
   Volume = {2},
   Pages = {446-449},
 Year = {1970} }



@article{
   Author = {Schmitt, Barton D.},
   Title = {Fever phobia: misconceptions of parents about fever},
   Journal = {American Journal of Diseases of Children},
   Volume = {134},
   Pages = {176-181},
 Year = {1980} }



@book{
   Author = {Segal, Bernie},
   Title = {Love, Medicine and Miracles},
   Publisher = {Harper and Row},
   Address = {New York},
 Year = {1986} }



@article{
   Author = {Senn, Stephen},
   Title = {The misunderstood placebo},
   Journal = {Applied Clinical Trials},
   Volume = {10},
   Pages = {40-46},
 Year = {2001} }



@article{
   Author = {Shapiro, Arthur K.},
   Title = {A contribution to a history of the placebo effect},
   Journal = {Behavioural Science},
   Volume = {5},
   Pages = {109-35},
 Year = {1960} }



@article{
   Author = {Shapiro, Samuel},
   Title = {Meta-analysis, shmeta-analysis},
   Journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology},
   Volume = {140},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {771-778},
 Year = {1994} }



@incollection{
   Author = {Shapiro, Arthur K. and Shapiro, Elaine},
   Title = {The placebo: is it much ado about nothing?},
   BookTitle = {The Placebo Effect: An Interdisciplinary Exploration},
   Editor = {Harrington, Anne},
   Publisher = {Harvard University Press},
   Address = {Cambridge, MA
London},
   Pages = {12-36},
 Year = {1997a} }



@book{
   Author = {Shapiro, Arthur K. and Shapiro, Elaine},
   Title = {The Powerful Placebo: From Ancient Priest to Modern Physician},
   Publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},
   Address = {Baltimore and London},
 Year = {1997b} }



@article{
   Author = {Smith, M. and Glass, G.},
   Title = {Meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies},
   Journal = {American Psychologist},
   Volume = {32},
   Pages = {752-760},
 Year = {1977} }



@book{
   Author = {Smith, M. and Glas, G. and Miller, T.},
   Title = {The Benefits of Psychotherapy},
   Publisher = {Johns Hopkins Press},
   Address = {Baltimore},
 Year = {1980} }



@article{
   Author = {Smith, G. R. and McDaniels, S. M.},
   Title = {Psychologically mediated effect on the delayed hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculin},
   Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine},
   Volume = {45},
   Pages = {65-68},
 Year = {1983} }



@article{
   Author = {Spiegel, D. and J.R., Bloom and HC., Kraemer and E., Gottheil},
   Title = {Effect of psychosocial treatment on survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer.},
   Journal = {The Lancet},
   Volume = {2},
   Number = {8668},
   Pages = {888-91},
 Year = {1989} }



@article{
   Author = {Spiegel, D.},
   Title = {Psychosocial aspects of breast cancer treatment},
   Journal = {Seminars in Oncology},
   Volume = {24},
   Number = {(S1)},
   Pages = {36},
 Year = {1997} }



@incollection{
   Author = {Spiro, Howard},
   Title = {Clinical reflections on the placebo phenomenon},
   BookTitle = {The Placebo Effect: An Interdisciplinary Exploration},
   Editor = {Harrington, Anne},
   Publisher = {Harvard University Press},
   Address = {Cambridge, MA
London},
   Pages = {37-55},
 Year = {1997} }



@article{
   Author = {Stein, D. M. and Lambert, M. J.},
   Title = {On the relationship between therapist experiences and psychotherapy outcomes},
   Journal = {Clinical Psychology Review},
   Volume = {4},
   Pages = {1-16},
 Year = {1984} }



@article{
   Author = {Stradling, J. R. and Davies, R. J. O.},
   Title = {The unacceptable face of evidence based medicine},
   Journal = {Journal for the Evaluation of Clinical Practice},
   Volume = {3},
   Pages = {99-103},
 Year = {1997} }



@article{
   Author = {Strupp, H. and Hadley, S.},
   Title = {Specific versus nonspecific factors in psychotherapy},
   Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
   Volume = {36},
   Pages = {1125-1136},
 Year = {1979} }



@article{
   Author = {Svensson, E. and Raberg, L. and Koch, C. and Hasselquist, D.},
   Title = {Energetic stress, immunosuppression and the costs of an antibody response},
   Journal = {Functional Ecology},
   Volume = {12},
   Pages = {912-19},
 Year = {1998} }



@article{
   Author = {Talbot, Margaret},
   Title = {The placebo prescription},
   Journal = {New York Times Magazine},
   Month = {1 September, 2000},
 Year = {2000} }



@book{
   Author = {Taylor, T.},
   Title = {The Prehistory of Sex: Four Million Years of Human Sexual Culture},
   Publisher = {Bantam Books},
   Address = {London},
 Year = {1996} }



@incollection{
   Author = {Vickers, Andrew},
   Title = {Research paradigms in mainstream and complementary medicine},
   BookTitle = {Complementary Medicine: An Objective Appraisal},
   Editor = {Ernst, Edzard},
   Publisher = {Butterworth Heinemann},
   Address = {Oxford},
   Pages = {1-17},
 Year = {1996} }



@article{
   Author = {Voudouris, Nicholas J. and Peck, Connie L. and Coleman, Grahame},
   Title = {Conditioned response models of placebo phenomena: further support},
   Journal = {Pain},
   Volume = {38},
   Pages = {109-116},
 Year = {1989} }



@incollection{
   Author = {Wall, Patrick D.},
   Title = {The placebo and the placebo response},
   BookTitle = {Textbook of Pain, Fourth Edition},
   Editor = {Wall, P. D.},
   Publisher = {Churchill},
   Address = {Edinburgh},
   Pages = {1419-1430},
 Year = {1999a} }



@book{
   Author = {Wall, Patrick D.},
   Title = {Pain: The Science of Suffering},
   Publisher = {Weidenfeld & Nicholson},
   Address = {London},
 Year = {1999b} }



@incollection{
   Author = {Watkins, Alan and Lewith, George},
   Title = {Mind-body medicine: its popularity and perception},
   BookTitle = {Mind-Body Medince: A Clinician's Guide to Psychoneuroimmunology},
   Editor = {Watkins, Alan},
   Publisher = {Churchill Livingston},
   Address = {New York},
   Pages = {27-40},
 Year = {1997} }



@book{
   Author = {Weil, Andrew},
   Title = {Spontaneous Healing},
   Publisher = {Little, Brown},
   Address = {London},
 Year = {1995} }



@article{
   Author = {Wickramasekera, I.},
   Title = {A conditioned response model of the placebo effect: predictions from the model},
   Journal = {Biofeedback and Self-Regulation},
   Volume = {5},
   Pages = {5-18},
 Year = {1980} }



@article{
   Author = {Wolff, H. G. and DuBois, E. F. and Gold, H.},
   Title = {Cornell conferences on therapy: use of placebos in therapy},
   Journal = {New York Journal of Medicine},
   Volume = {46},
   Pages = {1718-27},
 Year = {1946} }



@incollection{
   Author = {Wolpert, Lewis and Evans, Dylan},
   Title = {Malignant sadness: the evolutionary psychology of depression},
   BookTitle = {Every Family in the Land},
   Editor = {Crisp, A. H.},
   Publisher = {http://www.stigma.org/everyfamily/},
 Year = {2001} }